World HistoryWorld HistoryChapter 11 The French Chapter 11 The French

Revolution Revolution Section 1 The Old OrderSection 1 The Old Order

Terms/NameTerms/Name Estate:Estate: One of three social classes in One of three social classes in

France during the 1700s. First Estate- France during the 1700s. First Estate- Roman Catholic clergy; Second Roman Catholic clergy; Second Estate- Nobility; Third Estate- Estate- Nobility; Third Estate- Commoners. Orders of society Commoners. Orders of society determined a person’s legal determined a person’s legal rights/status.rights/status.

Tithe:Tithe: 10% tax on income from each 10% tax on income from each church member paid to the clergy.church member paid to the clergy.

Bourgeoisie:Bourgeoisie: Middle class between Middle class between aristocrats & workers. The Third aristocrats & workers. The Third Estate.Estate.

Terms/Name con’tTerms/Name con’t King Louis XVI:King Louis XVI: 19 year old grandson 19 year old grandson

of Louis XV. Weak ruler.of Louis XV. Weak ruler. Wife- Marie Antoinette: big spender : big spender

from Austria. from Austria.

MonarchyMonarchy controlled controlled FranceFrance, a rich & , a rich & powerful country. Only a few wealthy. powerful country. Only a few wealthy. Majority- poor, had few rights & wanted a Majority- poor, had few rights & wanted a better life.better life.

AmericanAmerican RevolutionRevolution sparked their sparked their wanting change.wanting change.

King Louis XVI and Marie King Louis XVI and Marie AntionetteAntionette

First Estate First Estate ClergyClergy, 1% of population. Higher , 1% of population. Higher

& lower clergy. & lower clergy. Did not pay taxes.Did not pay taxes. Higher clergy controlled 5-10% Higher clergy controlled 5-10%

of land. of land. Grand lifestylesGrand lifestyles supported by tithes.supported by tithes.

Lower clergy- poor backgrounds; Lower clergy- poor backgrounds; ran schools & parishes. ran schools & parishes.

Second EstateSecond Estate NobilityNobility; 2% of population; ; 2% of population;

owned 25% of land.owned 25% of land. Grand lifestyles.Grand lifestyles. High posts in High posts in government & government &

militarymilitary.. Main income from Main income from feudal duesfeudal dues

from peasants who lived & from peasants who lived & worked on their land.worked on their land.

Third EstateThird Estate 97% of population; peasants, 97% of population; peasants,

artisans & members of artisans & members of bourgeoisiebourgeoisie (middle class). (middle class).

Few political rights/privileges.Few political rights/privileges. Read Read EnlightmentEnlightment works- works-

freedom/social justice.freedom/social justice. Peasants owned 40% of land. Peasants owned 40% of land.

Poor- had to pay tithes, feudal Poor- had to pay tithes, feudal dues, fines & land tax.dues, fines & land tax.

Growing UnrestGrowing Unrest Third Estate demanded change due to high cost Third Estate demanded change due to high cost

of living & desire for more of living & desire for more political powerpolitical power.. Second Estate- nobility wanted more Second Estate- nobility wanted more politicalpolitical

influenceinfluence; resented monarchy.; resented monarchy. Government Government financial problems-financial problems- debts from debts from

wars & extravagant lifestyle of Louis XV.wars & extravagant lifestyle of Louis XV. 1774- 1774- King Louis XVIKing Louis XVI comes to power & deals comes to power & deals

with financial crisis. Tried to Tax nobility & with financial crisis. Tried to Tax nobility & clergy- BUT they clergy- BUT they refusedrefused to pay taxes. to pay taxes.

1786- Banks refused to 1786- Banks refused to lend moneylend money to to government.government.

Crop failures in 1788-89 caused bread Crop failures in 1788-89 caused bread shortages.shortages.

King Louis XVI called for King Louis XVI called for Estates-GeneralEstates-General to to meet in May 1789 wanted them to agree to meet in May 1789 wanted them to agree to more taxes!more taxes!

Meeting of Estates-GeneralMeeting of Estates-General Each estate got ONE vote for all Each estate got ONE vote for all

members. (votes total!) members. (votes total!) 11stst and 2 and 2ndnd Estate plan: Make 3 Estate plan: Make 3rdrd

Estate PAY MORE!!Estate PAY MORE!! Third Estate refused plan of First & Third Estate refused plan of First &

Second Estate. Called for joint Second Estate. Called for joint meeting with each estate voting meeting with each estate voting individuallyindividually. .

King demanded estates meet King demanded estates meet separatelyseparately. Third Estate refused and . Third Estate refused and was locked out of Estates-General.was locked out of Estates-General.

Meeting of Estates-General con’tMeeting of Estates-General con’t Third Estate renamed the Third Estate renamed the National National

AssemblyAssembly and met at an indoor and met at an indoor tennis court with deputies from tennis court with deputies from First & Second Estates who First & Second Estates who supported them.supported them.

National Assembly took the National Assembly took the Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath. Promised not . Promised not to disband until they wrote a to disband until they wrote a constitutionconstitution for France. for France.

King ordered First & Second King ordered First & Second Estates to join Third Estate’s Estates to join Third Estate’s National Assembly.National Assembly.

RevoltRevolt National Assembly delegates National Assembly delegates

expressed expressed dismaydismay with rigid French with rigid French social order.social order.

Third Estate wanted social equality. Third Estate wanted social equality. King gathered more troops at palace King gathered more troops at palace

in in VersaillesVersailles.. Fearing king wanted to Fearing king wanted to dissolvedissolve

National Assembly & stop reforms, National Assembly & stop reforms, focused on focused on Bastille,Bastille, the French the French prison. Wanted weapons!prison. Wanted weapons!

Bastille

Events Lead to RevolutionEvents Lead to Revolution Bastille represented Bastille represented injusticesinjustices of monarchy. of monarchy. July 14, 1789July 14, 1789: Mob surrounded Bastille to : Mob surrounded Bastille to

steal weapons & defend National Assembly.steal weapons & defend National Assembly. Mob freed 7 prisoners. 98 rioters killed. Mob freed 7 prisoners. 98 rioters killed.

Prison commander & several soldiers killed.Prison commander & several soldiers killed. Outbreak led to formation of Outbreak led to formation of revolutionaryrevolutionary

government. government. Bastille’s storming led to the Bastille’s storming led to the Great Fear-Great Fear-

violence in countryside! Hearing rumors, violence in countryside! Hearing rumors, peasants feared losing land & armed peasants feared losing land & armed themselves.themselves.

Drove landlords off property & refused to Drove landlords off property & refused to pay feudal dues. Broke into manors & pay feudal dues. Broke into manors & robbed granaries. First wave of robbed granaries. First wave of French French RevolutionRevolution..

The Great Fear

Storming the Bastille and Storming the Bastille and French Rev OverviewFrench Rev Overview

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IF4lPWU_qxY v=IF4lPWU_qxY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AoXKrr14uY8v=AoXKrr14uY8

Wrap Up:Wrap Up:

Create a Web of 15 Create a Web of 15 Plus details on notes Plus details on notes from Chapter 11 from Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes…Section 1 Notes…Make a clever visual Make a clever visual image depicting image depicting something something mentioned in this mentioned in this section that can section that can encompass your encompass your web details….web details….