french revolution an intro. french revolution france still followed ancient regime – old order...
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French Revolution
an Intro
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French Revolution
• France still followed ancient regime – old order (medieval)
• Their social system divided into 3
classes
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3 Classes / Estates
• First Estate – Clergy • Enjoy Wealth & Privilege
• Ran schools, hospitals, & orphanages
• Paid NO Taxes!
• Different laws
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3 Classes / Estates
• Second Estate – Nobles• Jobs in gov’t, army, and
courts
• Paid NO
Taxes!
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3 Classes / Estates• Third Estate – Everyone else!• Largest (98% pop)• Divided into three groups
–Bourgeoisie–Rural Peasants–City Workers–Sans Culottes
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0.5
1.5
98
1st Estate
2nd Estate
3rd Estate
Estate Population
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10
20
70
1st Estate
2nd Estate
3rd Estate
Land Owned by Estate
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French Revolution
• Enlightenment ideas questioning ancient regime
• Felt Upper Estates should pay Taxes
• Financial Crisis hits France!
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Financial Crisis
•Cause =
Deficit Spending gov’t spends more $ then it takes in
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Financial Crisis• Debt from Seven Years War
(French & Indian)
• Debt from aiding Colonists financially during Am. Rev.
• Bad Harvests
• Food Price Rise = Famine!
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Financial Crisis• Poor Leadership made things worse!
• Louis XV – ran up the debt• Louis XVI – Tried to
reform w/ help from
Jacques Necker
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Financial CrisisNecker’s Reforms
• Reduce Court Spending
• Reform Gov’t
• Abolish Tariffs
• Called for taxes by all EstatesNobles & Clergy forced King to
remove Necker
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French Revolution
• Bread Riots break out! (Starving)
• King forced to call Estates General into session first time in 175 years.
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French Revolution
• 3 Estates wrote cahiers – grievances
• Third Estate wanted radical reforms
• Other 2 Estates
wanted no change
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French Revolution• Third Estate became National
Assembly after being bullied.
• Argued they rep.
the people
• King locked them
out of Estates General
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French Revolution
• National Assembly met @ Tennis Court
• Tennis Court Oath – vow to not disband
until made a constitution for France
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French Revolution• Louis XVI had to accept National
Assembly because some Nobles and Clergy joined the cause.
• Sent troops to Versailles• Rumors of a take over in Paris led
to the Storming of the Bastille!
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Storming the Bastille
• Bastille- medieval fortress used as a prison
• 800 Parisians attacked looking for weapons
• July 14 – Bastille Day (French National Holiday)
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Causes of American / French Revolutions “The Similarities are Uncanny”
• Colonists Forced to Pay Taxes (Acts)
• 1st & 2nd Estate NOT Forced to Pay Taxes
• Debt on Seven Year War
• Enlightenment Thinkers Locke/Hobbes
American Revolution French Revolution
• Lack of British Resources
• Bad Harvests lead to Famine
• Debt on French & Indian War
• Enlightenment Thinkers Voltaire/Rousseau
• Continental Congress • National Assembly
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Causes of American / French Revolutions “The Similarities are Uncanny”
• Riots and Revolts
- Boston Massacre
- Boston Tea Party
American Revolution French Revolution• Grievances in
Declaration of Ind
• Riots and Revolts
- Bread Riot
- Storming the Bastille
• Grievances at Estates General
• Declaration of Independence
• Declaration of the Rights of Men and the Citizen
• Troops sent to Colonies (Quartering)
• Troops sent to Paris and other Towns
• Constitution • Constitution