wooldridge v wooldridge main judgment

8/16/2019 Wooldridge v Wooldridge main judgment

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directors are pleased with the results for the year and consider them to be impressive

in a highly competitive market.” Ea4&'e4 ao5*s. 57 *o *e +ea* o/ Ia. so= *a*a*e4 =as o* a&=a9s 74o/'*a&e I *e 9ea4 e+e+ 31 Ja5a49 200B. *e4e =e4e

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8/28

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9/28

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a8'6 4e6a4+ *o *e se*'o 3 /a*o4s: see !lott v Mitson " #rs 2011 WTLR ##"

4e/e44'6 *o O&'8e4 J ' Re $oventry %dec&d' 1"B- 1 C -1:

“(o these matters )the statutory criteria* have to be considered at two stages + first in

determining the reasonableness of such provision %if any' as has been made by the

deceased for the plaintiff&s maintenance and, secondly, in determining the etent to

which the court should eercise its powers under the -ct if, but only if, it is satisfied

that reasonable provision for the plaintiff&s maintenance has not been made.” I/ *e as=e4 *o *e /'4s* 5es*'o 's 9es. ae&9 *a* *e W'&& +'+ a>e 4easoa&e

/'a'a& 74o8's'o /o4 *e C&a'a* a8'6 4e6a4+ *o *e se*'o 3 /a*o4s. *e *e

&a' ='&& /a'&

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*e W'&&. as +4a/*e+. 74o8'+e+ *a* Ta+' =as *o 4ee'8e a sa&a49 /4o a*e4 “for

the rest of her life and inde linked for a noneecutive role. The salary will be

/01,222 %seventy five Thousand' on my death and inde linked thereafter.” W'&e. as

=as +e*e4'e+ 9 '+e7e+e* o5se&. *'s 6'/* /a'&s as *e4e =as o 7o=e4 /o4 Ia

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=e os'+e4'6 o* s*a6es as se* o5* ao8e:

“%a' the financial resources and financial needs of the applicant has or is likely to

have in the foreseeable future3

%b' the financial resources and financial needs which any other applicant for an

order under section 4 of this -ct has or is likely to have in the foreseeable future3

%c' the financial resources and financial needs which any beneficiary of the estate of

the deceased has or is likely to have in the foreseeable future3

%d' any obligations and responsibilities which the deceased had towards any

applicant for an order the said section 4 or towards any beneficiary of the estate

of the deceased3

%e' the si5e and nature of the net estate of the deceased3

%f' any physical or mental disability of any applicant for an order under the said

section 4 or any beneficiary of the estate of the deceased3

%g' any other matter, including the conduct of the applicant or any other person,

which in the circumstances of the case the court may consider relevant.”

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/5*54e

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es*a*e

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14/28

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5* 9 +e4ee o/ +'8o4e (*e +eee+ +'8o4e e>;)

17. Te +eee+ +'8o4e e> 's a 4oss?e> *o e *a>e '*o ao5* 754s5a* *o

se*'o 3 o/ *e 1"#$ A* a+ 's o/ 8a4'a&e =e'6* +e7e+'6 57o *e /a*s o/ *e

7a4*'5&a4 ase Te 74''7&es e'+ *e +eee+ +'8o4e e> =e4e os'+e4e+ '

*e +e's'o o/ %4'66s J. as e *e =as. ' 8illeyman v 8illeyman 2013 C 22$ He

e&+ as /o&&o=s:

“…! would tentatively summarise the divorce principles relevant to the present case

as follows. 9irst, the fundamental principle which illuminates all the detail is that a

marriage is now recognised to be an essentially eual partnership. !n conseuence,

the division of the available property upon breakdown of the marriage must be

conducted upon the basis of fairness and nondiscrimination, arising from the basic

concept of euality permeating a marriage as is now understood. :ut euality of

treatment does not necessarily lead to euality of outcome.

“);0* That basic concept gives rise to three reuirements, which may be summarised

as financial needs, compensation and sharing. Meeting each of the divorcing parties&

freuently different financial needs is the first call upon the available property, and

freuently ehausts it. $ompensation addresses prospective economic disparity

between the parties arising from the way they conducted their marriage and usually,

but not invariably, compensates the wife rather than the husband. (haring is applied

when there is property still available after the first two reuirements have been

satisfied, and in principle etends to all the parties& property but, to the etent that the

property is “nonmatrimonial”, there is likely to be better reason to depart from it.

The concept is particularly applicable to what is sometimes described as the “fruits

of the partnership” in relation to which the yardstick of euality is applied as an aid,

but not as a rule. !t will be apparent that ! have derived the above summary of the

essential principles from an attempt to assimilate the speeches of 8ord * 4 -$ >6?, in

1-


15/28

which they summarise the effect of the change in thinking brought about by W'*e 8

W'*e , and also from Ca4a 8 Ca4a (No -) )4220* 6 98R 64;> ;

8illeyman *e4e/o4e a>o=&e+6es *a* *e4e a e a +e7a4*54e /4o *e 74''7&e o/

e5a&'*9 =e4e '/. a* *e *'e o/ *e +'8o4e. oe o4 o* o/ *e 7a4*'es as a

s5s*a*'a& ao5* o/ o?a*4'o'a& 74o7e4*9

1;. I7o4*a*&9. %4'66s J se* o5* *a*: “)the* crosscheck should be treated neither as a

floor nor as a ceiling in relation to the relief available under the !nheritance -ct, nor

as something which reuires a meticulous uasi divorce application to be analysed

side by side with the application of the separate provisions in section 7 of the -ct”

a+ Se+5&e 2. 7a4a64a7 $(2) *o *e Ie4'*ae a+ T45s*ees< o=e4s A* 201- o=

74o8'+es *a* “… nothing reuires the court to treat such provision as setting an

upper or lower limit on the provision which may be made by an order under section

4.”

11. Se*'o 3($) o/ *e 1"#$ A* “reuires the $ourt to take into account the facts as

known to the court as at the date of the hearing.”

1>. Se*'o 3() o/ *e 1"#$ A* “reuires that, in considering the financial resources of

any person, the court shall take into account his earning capacity and in considering

the financial needs of any person, the court shall take into account his financial

obligations and responsibilities.”

The &esources and 'eeds of Thandi

10. Ce*4a& *o *e &a' 4o56* 9 Ta+'. a+ e7a+e+ 57o ' e4 8a4'o5s ='*ess

s*a*ee*s. 's e4 ee+s Se sa9s *a* se e@o9e+ a 8e49 e*4a8a6a* &'/es*9&e ='*

Ia a+ *a* “!t was how we lived. @e were etremely fortunate. 8ucky us”.

1?. Co5se& /o4 Ta+' sa9s *a* e4 &554'o5s &'/es*9&e ='* Ia ao* 4ea&'s*'a&&9 e

a&&e6e+ %5* *ose ee+s. as o*e+e+ /o4 9 Ta+'. =e4e ' /a* a&&e6e+ 9

o* Co5se& /o4 *e Fo54* De/e+a* (Ca4&'e) a+ *e F'/* De/e+a* (Re**)

1$


16/28

I+ee+. '* 's *e ase /o4 *e De/e+a*s *a* '* 's Ta+' =o 's e'6 54ea&'s*'. o*

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T=e&8e Oa>s. =as o=e4e ea4 *e &e8e& '* =o5&+ ee+ *o e ' o4+e4 *o s5s*a' *e

&'/es*9&e Ta+' a&&e6es =as e'6 e@o9e+ 74'o4 *o Ia4. I C v D 200 1 FLR -31. %&a> J. as se *e =as. sa'+

20# …! do not consider it unreasonable for someone in Mrs C&s position, who has

had the luury of a life entirely without money worries in recent years, to continue in

this way a far as possible … !f the estate was limited, or there were other people&s

1


17/28

epress needs that had to be satisfied from it, it may not be feasible to make

allowance for this but that is not the case here …”

>7. %&a> J os'+e4e+ *e &'/es*9&e o/ *e a77&'a* *o e o/ '7o4*ae =e os'+e4'6

*e o8e4a&& ee4'se o/ *e Co54*


18/28

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24/28

4a*e4 *a *e $0.000 se a&4ea+9 6ee4a*es /4o '8es*e*s; Ta+' as o*

es*a&'se+. ' 9 @5+6e*. *a* *e W'&& /a'&s *o 74o8'+e e4 ='* s5//''e* /'a'a&

74o8's'o *o ee* e4 ee+s Ta+'. as '* as ee 75* 9 Co5se& /o4 Ca4&'e. “is a

person who is uite simply too wealthy to reuire further provision from this estate.”

Se a9 /ee& *a* se as a o4a&; &a' *o o4e oe9 5* I ao* 5+e4s*a+ *e

as's 57o =' *a* o4a& &a' 's 75* o*e4 *a *o sa9 *a* Ia a+ =a*e+ *o &ea8e

e4 ='* o4e oe9 *a e +'+ As =as &ea4 /4o *e e8'+ee o/ '&'7 L5as.

Ia +'+ o* ' /a* 75* ' 7&ae *ose 7o&''es *a* =o5&+ a8e ee ee+e+ /o4 *e

7547ose o/ /5+'6 Ta+' *o *e e*e* *a* e a+ ee a+8'se+ *o ' o4+e4 *o

74o8'+e *e /5*54e 'oe *a* e a9 a8e ='se+ Ta+' *o a8e As '&'7 L5as

75* '* ' 's e8'+ee. /'a'a& 7&a'6 =as o* *e 5e4 oe 74'o4'*9 a+ *e9 a+

*o e 7e4s5a+e+ as '* =as 6o'6 *o e 8e49 e7es'8e *o 6e* *e &e8e& o/ &'/e o8e4

ee+e+ S5 e7ese. a+ '* ee 5+e4*a>e. =o5&+ a8e ea* &ess *o s7e+

'e+'a*e&9

The Financial 'eeds and &esources of the other Beneficiaries

?>. %o* Re** a+ Ca4&'e ee/'* /4o 'e4'*'6 *e'4 /a*e4s I a sa*'s/'e+ /4o *e e8'+ee I a8e ea4+ *a* '* =as 8e49

'7o4*a* *o Ia *a* 's *=o sos =o5&+ e a&e *o /o&&o= ' '*o *e 5s'ess e

a+ se* 57 ='* 's o= 4o*e4 Te4e =as. as =as a>o=&e+6e+ 9 '&'7 L5as. a

sese ' =' '* =as a +9as*9 *o e *a>e o8e4 9 's sos I a8e o +o5* *a*

Ia =o5&+ o* a8e =a*e+ a9 se**&ee* o/ *e es*a*e *o 4es5&* ' *e 4ea>'6 57 o/

e'*e4 *e 7a4*e4s'7 o4 *e o7a9

?0. Co5se& o ea&/ o/ Ta+' o*e+e+ *a* *e T=e&8e Oa>s 7a4*e4s'7 ae *o a

e+ o *e +ea* o/ Ia a+ so *e 7a4*e4s'7 +oes o* o*'5e I* 's 5'*e &ea4 *a*

a 7a4*e4s'7 +oes o*'5e. as a a**e4 o/ /a*. e8e '/ *a* 's a e= 7a4*e4s'7 a*

='&& =' ae '*o e's*ee a/*e4 *e +ea* o/ Ia Te a*'8'*'es o/ *e

7a4*e4s'7 a4e o*'5'6 a+ 74o8'+'6 Ca4&'e ='* o* e7&o9e* a+ a oe

??. Ca4&'e =as 'se&/ s5@e*e+ *o a 8e49 +e*a'&e+ 4oss ea'a*'o ='* 4es7e* *o

o* 's ee+s a+ 's asse*s I *oo> '* *a* *e 4oss ea'a*'o =as o *e

's*45*'os o/ Ta+' ea5se. o/ o54se. Ca4&'e 's ' a +'//e4e* 7os'*'o *o Ta+'

W'&e 's /'a'a& 7os'*'o 's soe*'6 *a* *e o54* 5s* *a>e '*o ao5*. se 's*e oe =o 's 4'6'6 *e &a' *a* se 4e5'4es 64ea*e4 74o8's'o /4o *e es*a*e

2-


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a+ ='&e *e ee+s a+ asse*s o/ o*e4 ee/''a4'es a4e 4e&e8a*. '* 's Ta+' =o as

*4o= *e s7o*&'6* o *e s'*5a*'o a+ 's *e oe =o ee+s *o es*a&'s e4 ee+s

B" Ca4&'e a+'**e+ *o +ea&'6 ='* 's 64'e/ 9 6a&'6 &a46e s5s o/ oe9. 5* I

ae7* 's e8'+ee *a* +oes o* o*'5e a+ *a* e 's see>'6 ass's*ae ='* 's

a'* Ta* e8'+ee =as o*. ' a9 e8e*. +'4e*&9 4e&e8a* *o *e 'ss5es I a8e *o

+e*e4'e ='* 4es7e* *o =e*e4 Ta+' s5ee+s o e4 &a' I *oo> s5

5es*'os *o a8e ee as>e+ o 's*45*'os. o *e as's *a* Ta+' =as >ee *o

5+e4'e Ca4&'e s*a*ee*s. 5* I see o*'6 s''s*e4 o4 s5s7''o5s ' *a* As I sa'+ '

*e o54se o/ s5'ss'os. '* 's Ta+' =o as soe *e s7o*&'6* o *e /'aes

a+ '* 's Ta+' =o 's see>'6 *o es*a&'s *a* e4 ee+s a4e o* e* s5 *a* seee+s /54*e4 74o8's'o /4o *e es*a*e Ca4&'e 's o* 5+e4 *e sae s45*'9

"0 I* 's &ea4 *a* =a*e8e4 &'/e e e@o9e+ ='&e e'6 s577o4*e+ 9 's /a*e4. '&5+'6

7&a9'6 7o&o ' o* E6&a+ a+ A46e*'a. Ca4&'e +oes o* o= e@o9 *a* *97e o/

&'/es*9&e I 's +e7e+ee &a' ='*' *e /a*a& a'+e* &a'. Ca4&'e se* o5* a&&

*e s577o4* e 4ee'8e+ /4o 's /a*e4 =e e =as a&'8e I* 's &ea4 *a* e =as

s577o4*e+ 9 's /a*e4 *o a &e8e& =' eee+e+ Ia as Coe4'a& D'4e*o4 /o4 *e

Woo&+4'+6e G4o57

A6. Ca4&'e 's 7a4*'5&a4&9 +e7e+e* 57o *e 7a4*e4s'7 o* /o4 's =o4> a+ 's

oe. a&so o57'e+ 9 's 7a4*e4 a+. soo. *e'4 '&+ Te o&9 asse*s e as. o4

='&& a8e. a4e *ose e 4eo8e4s 5+e4 *e W'&& I*e4/e4ee ='* *e 7a4*e4s'7 a+

'*s asse*s =o5&+ a8e a 74o/o5+&9 e6a*'8e e//e* 57o Ca4&'e a+ ='&e Ta+'

+oes o* a77ea4 *o e oe4e+ ao5* Ca4&'e


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'oe Re** so5&+ 544e*&9 e a+e5a*e&9 s577o4*e+ H's 'e4'*ae 4es*s ' *e

7a4*e4s'7 a+ *e o7a9. a+ ='&e Ta+' e74esses oe4 *a* se +oes o*

>o= =a* ='&& a77e *e4e a+ *a* se 's >ee *o aa6e Re**


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The 0state

A>. Te e* 8a&5e o/ *e es*a*e 's o* o/ a s'e *o s577o4* *e &a' 4o56* 9 Ta+'

Ao4+'6 *o *e Se7*ee4 201$ ao5*s *e e* es*a*e. &ea8'6 *o oe s'+e

G&a/'e&+ Mao4 =' 74o8'+es o5s'6 /o4 Ta+' a+ Re**. 's B I* ao*

s5s*a' *e &a' o/ Ta+' ' *e s5 o/ $B#" W'&e *e 8a&5e o/ G&a/'e&+

Mao4 as '4ease+ s5s*a*'a&&9. *e ae7*e+ '4ease ' 8a&5e o/ *e 7a4*e4s'7

74o7e4*'es (5s577o4*e+ 9 a9 e7e4* e8'+ee) 's 1$ '4eas'6 *e a4>e* 8a&5e

o/ *e 74o7e4*'es /4o *e'4 8a&5e a* +ea* o/ -."$".100 *o $.#02."$ O&9 a&/ o/

*e '4ease ' 8a&5e o/ *e 7a4*e4s'7 74o7e4*'es 's a**4'5*a&e *o Ias o4 a*e4 a+. ='&e '* =as a465e+ o ea&/ o/

Ta+' *a* '* =o5&+ o* e eessa49 *o '7a* 57o a*e4 ' o4+e4 *o sa*'s/9 e4

&a'. ' 9 @5+6e* *e4e 's s'7&9 o* s5//''e* o'es ='*' *e es*a*e *o ea&e

Ta+' *o o*a' /54*e4 o'es as se see>s ='*o5* *e4e e'6 a eessa49

'*e4/e4ee o/ *e 5s'ess o/ T=e&8e Oa>s

$onclusion

"" I ae7* /4o *e e8'+ee *a* as ee 74ese*e+ e/o4e e *a* Ta+' &'8es. a+

&'8e+ =e Ia =as a&'8e. a &a8's &'/es*9&e =a9 e9o+ *e +4eas o4 ='ses o/ os*

Ho=e8e4. I e74ess&9 4e@e* *a* e4 &'/es*9&e e8e4 '8o&8e+ e7e+'*54e o/ *e &e8e&

se o= &a's (s&'6*&9 ' eess o/ 3#2.000 7e4 a5) Ta* /'654e 's o*

s5s*a*'a*e+ 9 a9 a4+ e8'+ee a+ 's o*4a+'*e+ 9 *e e8'+ee *a* 's

a8a'&a&e I* 's a &a' =' 's o* s577o4*e+ 9 e4 544e* e7e+'*54e a+ 's a

2#


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/'654e *a* se as 64a+5a&&9 ee 5'&+'6 57o o8e4 *e 9ea4s *a* *'s &a' as

7e4s's*e+

100 I 9 @5+6e*. *e W'&& +oes a>e 4easoa&e 74o8's'o /o4 Ta+' a+ *e

es*a*e +oes o* a8e *e &'5'+'*9 =' =o5&+ ea&e Ta+' *o 4eo8e4 *a* ='

se see>s ='*o5* *e ee+ *o se&& 7a4*e4s'7 asse*s. a+ 7oss'&9 se&& sa4es ' *e

o7a9. =' =o5&+ e s'6'/'a*&9 a+8e4se *o *e '*e4es*s o/ Ca4&'e a+ =o5&+.

' a++'*'o. os* &'>e&9 e a+8e4se *o *e '*e4es*s o/ Re** Ta+' as eo56

wooldridge v wooldridge main judgment

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