wireless network project

7/23/2019 Wireless Network Project

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Ujrbfbss Obtwirn [bsbcrlh primblt

Wckfb i` Liotbots=

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W!b wjrbfbss obtwirns lidpiobots

Jt js liosjstbg i& twi t"pbs i& bujpdbot#6 Ujrbfbss stctjio4jt lco kb fcptip5 oitbkiin pbrsiocf lidputbr5 gbsntip 7(5 78C5 kcrligb

slcoobr btl?6 $llbss pijot 4jt &uoltjios cs c kcsb stctjio &ir wjrbfbss obtwirn5 c!!rb!ctjo! duftjpfb

wjrbfbss stctjios ioti wjrbg obtwirn.Whbirbtjlcf rco!bs &ir wjrbfbss )CO /1.** crb &rid 1' dbtbrs 4&ir ** kps? jo c lfisbgi&&jlb crbc ti 0 dbtbrs 4&ir * kps? jo co ipbo crbc.

Hiwb%br5 thriu!h bdpjrjlcf cocf"sjs5 thb t"pjlcf rco!b &ir lioobltj%jt" i& /1.** bujpdbot jscppriAjdctbf" / dbtbrs 4ckiut *;< &t.? jogiirs. C rco!b i& 0// dbtbrs5 obcrf" G djfb5 dcnbsU)CO thb jgbcf tblhoifi!" &ir dco" lcdpus cppfjlctjios. Jt js jdpirtcot ti rbli!ojKb thct spbljcfhj!h6!cjo cotboocs lco jolrbcsb thb rco!b ti sb%brcf djfbs.J-cs" $$3 lio&j!urctjio-ockfbs U)CO6UUCO [icdjo!-cs" ti !bt Ujogiws fi!iWbst tiif jolfugbg wjth kbtc

Wckfb ". UUC' tigc cog tidirriw

Ujth wjrbfbss UCO5 lustidbr sctjs&cltjio js up cog suppirt lists crb giwo. UUCO kriu!htdco" kbob&jts ti dco" lidpcojbs cog sctjs&cltjio ti thb bdpfi"brs cs wb sbb &rid thbuitctjio.

Whb wjrbfbss U$& hcs grcdctjlcffy jdprivbg thb wcy wbsbrvjlb iur lustidbrs. /Q privjgbs io1sjtbtblhojlcf suppirt `cstbr thco bvbr kb`irb 3 cog ctfbss list.

(ik ;fiyg ;11; i-bdkbr 38> \jbrrc jrbfbss

;.*jtb pcpbr ' Ujrbfbss %&Os "s. Ujrbfbss U&Os> ;11; i-bdkbr 38> \jbrrc jrbfbss


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"0 ctc sblurjt+blurjt" js iob i& thb dist jdpirtcot &bcturbs whbo usjo! c wjrbfbss obtwirn. +blurjt" jsiob i& thb kj!!bst strbo!ths &ir lbffufcr wjrbfbss obtwirns 4UUCOs? cog iob i& thbkj!!bst wbcnobssbs jo /1.** obtwirns 4U)COs?. +blurjt" lco kb jolrbcsbg io wjrbfbss)COs k" usjo! shcrbg nb" cuthbotjlctjio. Whjs shcrbg nb" dust kb gbfj%brbg thriu!h csblurb dbthig ithbr thco thb /1.** lioobltjio.

10 HitspitsHitspits crb wjrbfbss )COs c%cjfckfb ti thb pukfjl jo c filctjio5 fjnb co cjrpirt5 li&&bbship5 ir ljt" obj!hkirhiig. Whbsb 4hitspits? bockfb usbrs ti cllbss thb obtwirn bjthbr&rbb i& lhcr!b5 ir &ir c &bb pcjg ti thb obtwirn ipbrctir.

80 Lists+jolb wjrbfbss )COs ipbrctb jo thb uofjlbosbg &rbubol" rco!b5 thbrb js oi sbr%jlb list&ir usjo! c prj%ctb wjrbfbss )CO. Whbrb wjff kb c diothf" Jotbrobt sbr%jlb pri%jgbr list &ircllbssjo! thb Jotbrobt thriu!h "iur wjrbfbss )CO cllbss pijotir lbffufcr wjrbfbss UCOs5 thb wjrbfbss obtwirn js cltjo! cs "iur Jotbrobt sbr%jlbpri%jgbr k" pri%jgjo! cllbss ti thb Jotbrobt i%br thbjr wjrbfbss obtwirn. Whb wjrbfbss

pri%jgbr thbrb&irb lhcr!bs c diothf" sukslrjptjio rctb ti thbjr obtwirn5 sjdjfcr ti cwjrbfbss phiob sukslrjptjio.

Cs c !rbct/*&(WJ*'js ti U)CO cog UUCO wirn ti!bthbr.>sbg ti!bthbr5 c usbr wiufg hc%b thb kbst i& kith tblhoifi!jbs5 i&&brjo! hj!h6spbbg wjrbfbss

cllbss jo c lcdpus crbc5 cog cllbss ti cff thbjr gctc cog cppfjlctjios wjth hj!h6spbbg lbffufcrcllbss &rid co"whbrb wjth wjrbfbss UCO obtwirn li%brc!b.


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Ujrbfbss /tcogcrgs

Cff stcogcrg thct crb gb%bfipbg &ir Ujrbfbss Obtwirn hc%b iob cuthir5 jt js thb J--- irJostjtutb i& -fbltrjlcf cog -fbltriojls -o!jobbrs Jol. J--- js c oio6pri&jt5 tblhojlcf pri&bssjiocfcssiljctjio i& dirb thco


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Whb dcjo purpisb i& thjs stcogcrg js ti pri%jgb wjrbfbss lioobltj%jt" ti cutidctjl dclhjobr"5bujpdbot5 ir stctjios thct rbujrb rcpjg gbpfi"dbot5 whjlh dc" kb dcoc!bckfb ir hcog6hbfg5 irwhjlh dc" kb diuotbg io di%jo! %bhjlfbs wjthjo c filcf crbc 4thjs js usbg jo !cdbs?. Whjsstcogcrg cfsi i&&brs rb!ufctir" kigjbs c rbsiurlb i& stcogcrgjKjo! cllbss ti iob ir dirb&rbubol" kcogs &ir thb purpisb i& filcf crbc lidduojlctjio.

Crl!jtblturb i` J $%".33 stcogcrg

$ob dist jdpirtcot pcrt i& Ujrbfbss )CO +tcogcrg js thb crlhjtblturb i& J--- /1.**5kblcusb jt gbslrjkbs thb lidpiobots thct jotbrclt ti pri%jgb c wjrbfbss )CO thct suppirtsfilctjio dikjfjt" trcospcrbotf" ti jts uppbr fc"brs.

Whb &uogcdbotcf liostrultjio 3filn i& co J--- /1.** Ujrbfbss )CO js thb 3csjl sbr%jlb sbtir 3++ kblcusb cff rcgji6rbfctbg &uoltjios crb pbr&irdbg jo thb 3++5 liostrjlts i& kcsb stctjioliotriffbr 43+(? cog thb kcsb trcoslbj%br stctjio 43W+?. 3+( pri%jgbs cff thb liotrif &uoltjioscog ph"sjlcf fjons kbtwbbo thb +( 4dikjfb sbr%jlbs swjtlhjo! lbotbr? cog 3W+ whbrbk"hcogfbs thb rcgji jotbr&clb ti thb dikjfb stctjio.

Jo &j!urb * shiw twi 3++5 bclh i& whjlh hcs twi stctjios thct crb dbdkbrs i& thb 3++. Jt jsusb&uf ti thjon i& thb i%cfs usbg ti rbprbsbot c 3++ cs thb bApisurb crbc wjthjo whjlh thbdbdkbr stctjios i& thb 3++ dc" stc" kbhjog jo lidduojlctjio. J& c stctjio di%bs iut i& jts 3++5jt lco oi fio!br gjrbltf" lidduojlctb wjth ithbr dbdkbrs i& thb 3++.

@jeurb >.

W!b jogbpbogbot // cs co cg !il obtwirn

jrstf"5 fbt wb sc" &bw wirgs ckiut cg hil obtwirn 4jolfugjo! thb gb&jojtjio? cog thbd wb wjffgbslrjkb thb jogbpbogbot 3++ cs co cg hil obtwirn.

@Co cg6hil 4sidbtjdbs noiwo cs c spiotcobius? obtwirn js c filcf crbc obtwirn ir ithbrsdcff obtwirn5 bspbljcff" iob wjth wjrbfbss ir tbdpircr" pfu!6jo lioobltjios5 jo whjlh sidb i&thb obtwirn gb%jlbs crb pcrt i& thb obtwirn iof" &ir thb gurctjio i& c lidduojlctjios sbssjio ir5jo thb lcsb i& dikjfb ir pirtckfb gb%jlbs5 whjfb jo sidb lfisb priAjdjt" ti thb rbst i& thb obtwirn.Jo )ctjo5 cg hil bAcltf" dbcos &ir thjs5 &urthbr dbcojo! &ir thjs purpisb iof"5 cog cs c rbsuftusucff" tbdpircr".E

Whb jogbpbogbot 3++ ir J3++ js thb dist kcsjl t"pb i& J--- /1.** )CO stcogcrg. UhboJ--- /1.** stctjios crb ckfb ti lidduojlctb gjrbltf" js pissjkfb J3++. C djojdud J--- /1.**)CO dc" liosjst i& iof" twi stctjios. Jo &j!urb * shiws twi J3++. Whjs t"pb i& ipbrctjio js i&tbo


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rb&brrbg ti cs co cg hil obtwirn5 &ir thb rbcsio thct thjs t"pb i& stcogcrg js i&tbo &irdbg wjth oiprb6pfcoojo!5 &ir iof" cs fio! cs thb )CO js obbgbg.

jstrjkutjio sstbd liolbpts

ir sidb obtwirns5thb ph"sjlcf fjdjtctjios c!rbb io thb gjrblt stctjio6ti6stctjio gjstcolb thctdc" kb suppirtbg5 thjs gjstcolb js su&&jljbot. ir sidb ithbrs obtwirns thjs gjstcolb js oitliostcot5 jt js g"ocdjl 4jolrbcsbg rbpirtjo! js rbujrbg?.

Whb crlhjtblturcf lidpiobot usbg ti jotbrliooblt 3++ js thb gjstrjkutjio s"stbd 48+?. Jostbcgi& bAjstjo! lidpbtjtjio5 c 3++ dc" cfsi &ird c lidpiobot i& co bAtbogbg &ird i& obtwirn thct jskujft wjth duftjpfb 3++. Whb gjstrjkutjio s"stbd dbgjuds 48+? crb sbpcrctbs &rid thb wjrbfbssdbgjud fi!jlcff" J--- /1.** stcogcrg. Jt:s lihbrbot thct bclh fi!jlcf dbgjud js usbg &irgj&&brbot lidpiobot i& liursb &ir purpisbs i& crlhjtblturb. Whb gjstrjkutjio s"stbd bockfbsdikjfb gb%jlb suppirt k" pri%jgjo! thb fi!jlcf sbr%jlbs oblbsscr" ti hcogfb cggrbss tigbstjoctjio dcppjo! cog sbcdfbss jotb!rctjio i& duftjpfb 3++.

Co cllbss pijot 4C7? js c stctjio 4+WC? thct pri%jgbs cllbss ti thb 8+ k" pri%jgjo! 8+sbr%jlbs jo cggjtjio ti cltjo! cs c stctjio.

Cs c rbsuft5 gctc di%b kbtwbbo c 3++ cog thb 8+ %jc co C7. Whb cggrbssbs usbg k" co C7

&ir lidduojlctjio io thb U cog io thb 8+ crb oit oblbsscrjf" thb scdb.

@jeurb $.

W!b J $%".33 suksbts

Whb J-- /1.** wjrbfbss )CO stcogcrg jofcog hcs ' suksbts. Whisb suksbts ir sukstcogcrgcrb usbg kblcusb Ujrbfbss )CO wirns wjth gj&&brbot &rbubol" rco!b5 sj!ocfs cog sidb ithbrslhcrcltbrjstjls thct wb wjff gbslrjkb kbffiw &ir bclh suksbt.

$%".33cJ--- /1.**c ipbrctbs jo thb 62HK &rbubol" rco!b 4.*1 ti . 2HK? wjth c dcAjdud0kjtNsbl. sj!ocfjo! rctb. Whb 62HK &rbubol" kcog jsoBt cs lriwgbg cs thb 1.062HK &rbubol"kblcusb jt i&&brs liosjgbrckf" dirb rcgji lhcoobfs thco thb /1.**k cog js usbg k" sdcffbroudkbr cppfjlctjios. Jt hcs c shirtbr rco!b thco /1.**!5 js bssbotjcff" obwbr thco /1.**k cogjsoBt wbff6dctlhbg wjth /1.**k.

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$pbrctbs jo thb 1.062HK Jogustrjcf5 +ljbotj&jl cog bcsurbdbot 4J+? kcog 41.0 ti 1.0


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Whb J--- /1.* Uirnjo! 2riup pripisbs twi !bobrcf lctb!irjbs i& /1.*5 lcffbg W20 4fiwrctb? cog W2< 4hj!h rctb?. Whb W20 %brsjio pri%jgbs gctc spbbgs i& 1/ =kps ir 1/ =kps. WhbW2< %brsjio suppirts gctc spbbgs rco!jo! &rid ** kps ti kps. Cggbg snjo liotcjo thb usbi& up ti 10 obtwirn gb%jlbs5 g"ocdjl gb%jlb cggrbssjo!5 suppirt &ir gb%jlbs jo whjlh fctbol" jslrjtjlcf5 &uff hcogshcnjo!5 sblurjt" suppfjbs5 cog piwbr dcoc!bdbot. Whbrb wjff kb *; lhcoobfs jothb 1.062HK kcog5 */ lhcoobfs jo thb '*6HK kcog5 cog iob lhcoobf jo thb ;6HK kcog.

7fcos i& J--- crb ti rb&job thb /1.* spblj&jlctjio ti wirn wjth thb +pblj&jlctjio cog8bslrjptjio )co!uc!b 4+8)?5 pcrtjlufcrf" +8)65 +8)6'15 cog +8)61/// upgctbs i& thbJotbroctjiocf Wbfblidduojlctjio >ojio 4JW>? rbliddbogctjio S.*//.

J stcogcrg $%".3.+.8bpcrtdbot i& WrcospirtctjioBs Jotbffj!bot Wrcospirtctjio 7ri!rcd5 jo pcrtobrshjp wjth thbcutiditj%b jogustr" cog stctb gbpcrtdbots i& trcospirtctjio. Whjs sdcrt lcr lco cfsi trcosdjtcoio"dius trc&&jl gctc ti trc&&jl ipbrctjio lbotbrs cog gbfj%br rbcf6tjdb jo&irdctjio ti obwsiutfbts cog ithbr grj%brs.


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>sb i& thjs tblhoifi!" dcAjdjKbs b&&jljbol" cog rbgulbs lists &ir thb liosudbr. Cllboturbwjff gbdiostrctb sdcrt dbtbrjo! wjth c sbrjbs i& obtwirnbg jotbffj!bot dbtbrs cog cppfjcolbs thctcffiw utjfjt" lidpcojbs ti kbttbr diojtir bobr!" usc!b

Ujrbfbss tblhoifi!" js must slrctlhjo! thb sbr%jlb i& whct js pissjkfb jo njtlhbos tigc"+cdsuo!Bs Jotbrobt rb&rj!brctir js thb krcjos i& thb njtlhbo.

Jo thb piwgbr riid5 Cllboturb wjff gjspfc" co iofjob dbgjljob lckjobt thct jotb!rctbssdcrt fckbfs5 &clb rbli!ojtjio5 %ijlb s"othbsjs cog &fct pcobf gjspfc"s. Whjs gjspfc" wjff kb usbg tirbli!ojKb dbdkbrs i& c hiusbhifg cog jo rbturo5 gjspfc" c fjst i& pbrsiocfjKbg hbcfth rbdjogbrssulh cs cffbr!" cfbrts5 giltirBs cppijotdbots cog dbgjlctjio rbdjogbrs. 3blcusb jt js lioobltbgti thb Jotbrobt5 cff i& thjs jo&irdctjio lco kb shcrbg sblurbf" wjth ph"sjljcos cog phcrdcljsts&rid thb lid&irt cog thb lio%bojbolb i& "iur hidb. Jo thb scdb tjdb wjth thb gb%jlb5 "iu lcodiojtir %jtcf sj!os sulh cs kfiig prbssurb5 pufsb rctb5 lhifbstbrif cog kfiig su!cr5 cog jt wjffb%bo sbog c wcrojo! j& "iu pjln up thb wrio! dbgjlctjio.

ir surb thct &ir b%br" pcrbot js %br" jdpirtcot thb sc&bt" cog sblurjt" i& lhjfgrbo. 3blcusb i&thjs &clt5 ikjfb 2ucrgjco lidbs joti pfc"5 pri%jgjo! ipbrctirs wjth co bog6ti6bog sifutjio thctkfilns uowcotbg5 uocuthirjKbg cog hcrd&uf liotbot cog liotclt &rid dikjfb phiobs. $o gjspfc"jo thb lhjfgBs kbgriid5 %jsjtirs wjff bApbrjbolb hiw dikjfb ipbrctirs lco tcnb cg%cotc!b i& &uff"6jotb!rctbg c!b %brj&jlctjio5 liotbot cllbss liotrifs5 liotbot &jftbrjo! cog usc!b liotrifsL cog hiwthjs prigult cffiws cff cspblts i& dikjfb sbr%jlb ti kb liotriffbg gjrbltf" k" sukslrjkbrs5 pcrbotscog cgdjojstrctirs &rid Ubk6kcsbg ir hcogsbt6kcsbg jotbr&clbs.

Cfsi &rid Cllboturb thjs "bcr js c dbgjc trcos&irdctjio pritit"pb 66 c oi%bf cppriclh tidbgjc stirc!b thct rbpfclbs thb (8N8M8 &irdct k" cfdist co" shcpb ir &ird. Jo thb &cdjf" riid5thjs gb%jlb wjff bockfb dusjl5 di%jbs5 %jgbi !cdbs cog ithbr jotbrcltj%b dbgjc ti kb bdkbggbgjoti stcogcrgjKbg &irds sdcffbr thco c lrbgjt lcrg ir ithbr lrbctj%b shcpbs sulh cs liolbrttjlnbts5 W6shjrts5 kiinfbts ir &j!urjobs.

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Ujrbfbss -bs! 'btwirn

>otjf oiw5 thbrb wbrb dbotjiobg dco" t"pbs i& thb wjrbfbss obtwirns5 kut lbrtcjof" oit thbdist jotbrbstjo! iob i& thbd5 wjrbfbss dbsh obtwirn.

Whjs t"pb i& obtwirn5 cs thb ocdb sc"s5 js @dbsh obtwirnjo! jdpfbdbotbg i%br c Ujrbfbss)CO.E1;Whb dbsh obtwirnjo! js oit c thjo! whjlh js obw. Whct js c sdcrtbr cog co b&&jljbot wc"

i& lidkjojo! twi lidpiobots 4bA# lidputbrs? &ir trcosdjttjo! gctc5 %ijlb cog ithbr stu&&s. Whjst"pb i& liotjouius lioobltjio js bstckfjshbg wjth hippjo! &rid oigb ti oigb. C kbttbr gb&jojtjiostcogs &rid Widcs =rc! cog +bkcstjco 3bttrjlh5 whi gb&jobg jt cs c @obtwirn thct bdpfi"s iobi& twi lioobltjio crrco!bdbots5 &uff dbsh tipifi!" ir pcrtjcf dbsh tipifi!". Jo thb &uff dbshtipifi!"5 bclh oigb js lioobltbg gjrbltf" ti bclh i& thb ithbrs. Jo thb pcrtjcf dbsh tipifi!"oigbs crb lioobltbg ti iof" sidb5 oit cff i& thb ithbr oigbsE. 1,

)bt:s !i kcln whbrb wb stcrt5 ckiut thb Ujrbfbss dbsh obtwirns. Ujrbfbss dbsh obtwirns crbobtwirns whjlh crb sjdjfcr ti Jotbrobt5 bAlbpt thct crb sdcffbr. Whbrb @crb :duftjhip: s"stbds jowhjlh gb%jlbs cssjst bclh ithbr jo trcosdjttjo! pclnbts thriu!h thb obtwirn5 bspbljcff" jocg%brsb liogjtjios. iu lco grip thbsb cg hil obtwirns joti pfclb wjth djojdcf prbpcrctjio5 cogthb" pri%jgb c rbfjckfb5 &fbAjkfb s"stbd thct lco kb bAtbogbg ti thiuscogs i& gb%jlbs.E1

Ujth thjs njog i& obtwirnjo! wb crb jo thb kbob&jt5 kblcusb jo&irdctjio &rid iob oigb jstrcosdjttbg must ti thb ithbr obAt oigb5 kut b%br" iob i& thbd js fjonbg wjth dco" ithbrs5 cog oit

must wjth iob. +i5 j& c oigb js i&& 4&rid gcdc!b?5 hbr wirn js giob k" hbr obj!hkirs5 whisb mik jsti &jog coithbr riutb &ir trcosdjttjo! thb scdb gctc. Jt jdpfjbs thct Ujrbfbss dbsh obtwirnjo! js

rbfjckfb cog rbsjfjbot.@jeurb 6. 'igbs irecoj4bg jo c dbs! obtwirn

Whisb oigbs pfc" thb rifb i& dbsh riutbrs cog dbsh lfjbots. Whb" ipbrctb oit iof" cs c hist5

kut cfsi cs c riutbr. Whb lioobltjio kbtwbbo oigbs js bstckfjshbg cutidctjlcff" cog thct dbshlioobltj%jt" js dcjotcjobg cdio! thbd6sbf%bs. Whct:s wh" whbo dbotjiojo! Ujrbfbss dbshobtwirn5 wb dbco ckiut obtwirn5 whjlh js sbf&6lio&j!urbg cog sbf&6ir!cojKbg.

Whb rbcsios &ir usjo! thb Ujrbfbss dbsh obtwirns crbo:t jo sdcff oudkbrs. Jo thb distjdpirtcot iobs5 wb crb oudkbrjo!#

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_mesh_networkhttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/wireless/2004/01/22/wirelessmesh.htmlhttp://www.surfability.com/ITC/mesh.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_mesh_networkhttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/wireless/2004/01/22/wirelessmesh.htmlhttp://www.surfability.com/ITC/mesh.php


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Wigc":s obtwirn tblhoifi!" js &jffbg up wjth dco" pritilifs5 stcogcrgs cog prigults5 jolfugjo!thb Ujrbfbss dbsh obtwirns. Whb jdpirtcolb gj&&brs &rid iob ti coithbr. 3ut5 cff thb" tr" tidcoc!b iob mik5 cog thct js kbttbr lidduojlctjio rufbs kbtwbbo sjgbs.

8j&&brbot cppriclhbs crb rb%jbw hbrbjoc&tbr#

@C*?js c riutjo! pritilif &ir cg6hil obtwirns gbsj!obg wjth dikjfb wjrbfbss gb%jlbs jo

djog. Jt js oit sukmblt ti lip"rj!ht pritbltjio cog js jo thb pukfjl gidcjo. -ikjfb -bs!pritilif liotcjos thrbb sbpcrctb pritilifs5 bclh cggrbssjo! c spblj&jl&uoltjio#*. )jon 8jsli%br"1. [iutjo! 2bobrcf 7ukfjl )jlbosb 4Mbrsjio1?.

W#,@5 ir Wipifi!" 3ricglcst kcsbg io [b%brsb67cth irwcrgjo!5 js c pricltj%b5fjon6stctb riutjo! pritilif gbsj!obg &ir dikjfb cs6hil obtwirns5 whjlh pri%jgbs hip6k"6hip riutjo! cfio! djojdud hip pcths ti bclh gbstjoctjio. Jt sbbds jt js pctbot6pritbltbg uofbss jt kblidbs co J-W stcogcrg.

*/,@ js c fjon6stctb riutjo! pritilif. Jt js gbsj!obg ti kb ruo jotbrocf ti c sjo!fbCutioidius +"stbd. -clh $+7 riutbr dcjotcjos co jgbotjlcf gctckcsb gbslrjkjo!thb Cutioidius +"stbd:s tipifi!". rid thjs gctckcsb5 c riutjo! tckfb js lcflufctbgk" liostrultjo! c shirtbst6pcth trbb.

'( Abkrc js &rbb si&twcrb thct dcoc!bs W(7NJ76kcsbg riutjo! pritilifs. Jt jsrbfbcsbg cs pcrt i& thb 2O> 7rimblt5 cog js gjstrjkutbg uogbr thb 2O> 2bobrcf 7ukfjl)jlbosb. Jt suppirts 32760 pritilif cs gbslrjkbg jo [(*,,* 4C 3irgbr 2ctbwc"7ritilif 0? s wbff cs [J7%*5 [J7%15 cog $+7%1.

&ilustUirfggb%bfips c &rbb kiitckfb (8 sifutjio kcsbg io thb C$8M pritilif5cog cfsi gb%bfips cog sbffs c lidpfbtb rbcg"6ti6gbpfi" bsh3iA ruoojo! jtssi&twcrb5 dist 4kut oit cff? i& whjlh js c%cjfckfb uogbr thb 27). Whb bsh 3iA cogdbsh si&twcrb hc%b kbbo usbg jo c oudkbr i& lidduojt" obtwirns jo thb >=.

8 -bs!Lukb.Whb 2brdco lidpco" 02 ikjfb +"stbds hcs gb%bfipbg c tjo"bsh(ukb ruoojo! 8bkjco )jouA io c J7+ prilbssir5 usjo! JW[- ikjfb bsh

riutjo! si&twcrb. Whjs js c rbcg"6ti6gbpfi" !ctbwc" wjth kith c wjrbfbss cog c wjrbgjotbr&clb. Ujth c piwbr liosudptjio i& 0U 4cog pitbotjcff" fiwbr?5 jt js jgbcf &irgbpfi"dbot wjth co cutioidius sustcjockfb piwbr siurlb.E


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@jeurb 3%. Co b;cdpfb i` c U-' jo c ljt

Ub lco &rbbf" sc" thct thjs tblhoifi!" js pridjsjo! c fit &ir thb !bobrctjios thct lidb. Jo thb>+C5 @dist i& thb jotbrbst jo thjs tblhoifi!" hcs lidb &rid duojljpcfjtjbs wcotjo! ti pri%jgbljt"wjgb gctc obtwirnjo! ti pifjlb5 &jrb&j!htbrs cog ithbr pukfjl bdpfi"bbs. +idb ljtjbs cog!rcssriits ir!cojKctjios crb i&&brjo! Jotbrobt cllbss %jc dbsh tipifi!"L thb ljt" i& 7hjfcgbfphjc jspfcoojo! co cdkjtjius primblt i& thjs sirt. (jtjbs i&tbo lco diuot thb rbujrbg bujpdbot io fj!htpifbs thriu!hiut crbc.E


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obbgbg js sidbthjo! thct wjff tbff "iu jo noiwo cksifutb %cfubs whjlh sj!ocfs bAjst obcrk"5 coghiw strio! thb" crb

irtuoctbf"5 dco" pri!rcddbrs tiin jt upio thbdsbf%bs ti &jog iut hiw thbsb obw wjrbfbssgb%jlbs wirn cog puffbg iut sidb %br" %cfuckfb gctc. Whb" hc%b &iuog wc"s ti prbsbot us thbjo&irdctjio thct wjff hbfp ti dcnb sbosb i& thjs jo%jsjkfb lioobltjio kbtwbbo lidputbrs cogobtwirns.

Whb rbsufts crb sb%brcf pri!rcds thct lco hbfp ti sbb cog sidbhiw uogbrstcog whct js !ijo!io jo iob wjrbfbss obtwirnjo! bo%jriodbots. Hbrbwjth shiufg kb uogbrfjobg thct dist i& thisbpri!rcds crb &ir )jouA s"stbds. Cff thjs rbsufts crb lidjo! ti us thriu!h thb &bcturbs5 &uoltjios5cog cgdjttbg fjdjtctjios i& whct c wjrbfbss obtwirn cgcptbr lco rb%bcf ti us. +c"jo! thct thbwirfg i& )jouA js c !iig !riuog &ir sidb i& thb gbbpbst cog dist pri&iuog obtwirn cog jotbrobtjooi%ctjio5 thjs gibs oit dbco thct Ujogiws cog cljotish usbrs crb oit fb&t jo thb gcrn.Ujrbfbss dc" kb thb iob thjo!5 obAt ti thb Jotbrobt5 thct krjo!s thbsb sbpcrctb cog gjstjoltpfct&irds ti!bthbr &ir thb !iig i& cff. Jt js oit ckiut rbpfcljo! wjrbs wjth jo%jsjkfb bobr!" &jbfgs. Jtjs thct cff ct iolb5 thrbb gjstjolt lidputjo! pfct&irds crb thrust joti wirnjo! ti!bthbr ct thb scdbtjdb. Whriu!h wjrbfbss cog cff thct jt pridjsbs &ir obtwirnjo! cog cppfjlctjios iutsjgb i& purblidputjo!5 usbrs i& thbsb pfct&irds dust lio&j!urb cog bAlhco!b c %crjbt" i& liddiojo&irdctjio jo irgbr ti bstckfjsh c liddio obtwirnjo! !riuog. Jt js oi fio!br CppfbWcfn %brsusObt3J$+5 W(7NJ7 %brsus J7RN+7R5 ir %crjcots cog wirncriuogs jo kbtwbbo5 kut purbf" thb scdbtblhoifi!" cog thb scdb tbrds cppfjlckfb ti cff pfct&irds. Whb jotbrcltjio i& usbrs wjth wjrbfbss5

sj!ocf jotb!rjt"5 wjrbfbss sblurjt" cog &cjfurb cocf"sjs krjo! thbsb pfct&irds ti!bthbr.Jo thb scdb tjdb thb tiifs usbg ti diojtir cog cocf"Kb wjrbfbss cog sblurjt" js oit jo scdb

fb%bf c%cjfckfb &ir cff pfct&irds. Jo thjs gjrbltjio thb dist noiwo cppfjlctjios &ir gbtbrdjojo!wjrbfbss obtwirn sblurjt" fb%bfs5 Cjr+oirt cog U-7(rcln5 crb c%cjfckfb iof" &ir )jouAN>OJRpfct&irds. Whjs &clt dcnbs cff Ujogiws cog cl obtwirns s"stbd cgdjojstrctirs5 whi gi oitnoiw ti usb )jouA5 ti tr" ti fbcro jt ujlnf" ir ti hjrb c liosuftcot &rid iutsjgb ti hbfp thbd ticssbss thb sblurjt" &ir thbjr obtwirns. $& liursb hjrjo! thjs t"pb i& liosuftcots hcs usucff" hj!hlist. 3ut5 Cjr+oirt cog U-7(rcln liufg kb fckbfbg cs tiifs thct hc%b kbbo gbsj!obg iof" &ir thbpurpisb i& hclnjo! joti sidbiob:s wjrbfbss obtwirn. 3ut jo irgbr ti cssbss sblurjt"5 "iu obbgsidbthjo! ir sidbiob ti tr" ti krbclh jt. 3bttbr "iu usjo! thbsb tiifs io "iursbf& cog tj!htbojo!up sblurjt" thco sidbiob uonoiwo5 wjth ditj%bs uonoiwo5 tr"jo! ti krbclh "iur obtwirn:skirgbrs.

('J2&jou;

Jt lco gbcf wjth thb ipbrctjo! s"stbd must si dulh kb&irb kblidjo! &rustrctbg ct thb fcln i&lioljsb stbp6k"6stbp giludbotctjio ti !bt "iu ujlnf" ti thb pijot whbrb c obw gb%jlb5 &bcturb5ir pri!rcd sjdpf" &uoltjios. ir )jouA ti kb %jckfb5 sidb gb!rbb i& gbtcjfbg tblhojlcf suppirtdust bAjst wjth ir &ir thb usbr5 thjs dirb &ir wjrbfbss cppfjlctjios. Jo tbrds i& rbcfjKjo! thb usbr6&rjbogf" cttrjkutbs thct dcnb co ipbrctjo! s"stbd cppriclhckfb cog prcltjlcf irb ct fbcst tifbrckfbti wirn wjth5 >OJR s"stbds hc%b &cr ti !i. ist i& us gi oit wcot ti 2>oKjp5 uotcr5 lidpjfb5 fjon5gbku!5 gbljphbr fi! &jfbs5 gbljphbr cog bgjt ikslurb cog bsitbrjl lio&j!urctjio &jfb pcrcdbtbrs5fbcro ( cog shbff slrjptjo! ti kb ckfb ti rbcg cog bAtrclt scfjbot kjts i& liddcog pcrcdbtbrs5 coggi si i%br cog i%br c!cjo &ir *1 ti 10 hiurs5 iof" ti &cjf ti !bt c sjdpfb wjrbfbss obtwirn lcrg irtwi ti wirn. )jouA cog >OJR jo !bobrcf5 obbg dirb usbr6&rjbogf" tiifs5 ct fbcst jo thb liotbAt i&wjrbfbss obtwirnjo!5 kb&irb jt lco dcnb c gbot jo thb Ujogiws dcrnbt. Jo rbcfjt"5 jt js obbg dirb

tjdb ti &jog jo&irdctjio io thb jotbrobt ti !bt %crjius &rc!dbots i& jo&irdctjio thct &jocff" lco hbfp!bttjo! c wjrbfbss cgcptbr ti wirn wjth )jouA. Whbrb js ujt kj! obbg &ir dcoucf ckiut stbpsthriu!h >OJR s"stbd lio&j!urctjio &ir thb dcssbs. Whbsb crb oit rbfj!jius ir phjfisiphjlcfjssubs5 ckjgjo! rbspblt &ir >OJR bApbrts cog thb dco" !rbct thjo!s ckiut >OJR6kcsbg s"stbds5kut thjs !borb i& ipbrctjo! s"stbd js stjff ckiut &j%b "bcrs kbhjog thb 8$+6ti6Ujogiws5 pfu!6cog6pfc"5 cuti rbli%br"5 !ii& pritbltjio pri!rbss thct hcs kbbo dcgb jo thb UjoWbf 4UjogiwsJotbf?dcrnbt rblbotf". Hiwb%br5 thbrb crb wc"s ti !bt )jouA ti gi ct fbcst iob thjo! jt js !iig ct wjthwjrbfbss gb%jlbsPriutjo!5 &jrbwcff5 cog cllbss liotrif. Whjs lco kb giob wjthiut jddbrsjo!"iursbf& jo thb stru!!fbs i& !bttjo! thjs lcrg ir thct ti kb rbli!ojKbg cog cutidctjlcff" lio&j!urbg


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ct kiit tjdb5 usjo! bAtbrocf wjrbfbss krjg!bs ir cllbss pijots lioobltbg ti co ithbrwjsbukjujtius -thbrobt lcrg jo thb )jouA s"stbd.

Uhjfb "iu c%ijg thb trjcfs cog trjkufctjios i& lio&j!urjo! )jouA &ir wjrbfbss5 "iu wjff oit kb ckfbti usb Cjr+oirt5 U-7(rcln5 ir thb ithbr fiw6fb%bf soj&&jo! tiifs wjth co bAtbrocf wjrbfbss gb%jlb5kut thb prcltjlcf !icf js wjrbfbss )jouA5 fbc%jo! thb soj&&jo! cog pclnbt cocf"sjs ti thisb wjthdirb tjdb io thbjr hcogs.

J& "iu hc%b cllidpfjshbg !bttjo! c pbrjphbrcf lidpiobot jotbrliooblt 47(J? ir pbrsiocflidputbr 47(? lcrg6kcsbg wjrbfbss cgcptbr ti wirn wjth )jouA5 "iu crb prikckf" &cdjfjcr wjthdco" i& thb tiifs cog gjslussjio !riups c%cjfckfb thct hbfpbg !bt "iu thriu!h thb bApbrjbolbcog cffiwbg "iu ti pfc" wjth wjrbfbss cff "iu wcotbg.

Cppfb -cljotis!

Whb fcln i& jo&irdctjio cog bcs"5 fi!jlcf cllbssjkjfjt" ti bssbotjcf s"stbd cog &bcturblio&j!urctjio thct wiufg dcnb jt ckiut **/ pbrlbot bcsjbr ti gi dco" liddio5 bApbltbg thjo!swjth c cljotish ipbrctjo! s"stbd5 js c liolbro &ir dco" usbrs cs wbff. (iddio5 bApbltbgthjo!s jo thjs liotbAt5 dbco kbjo! ckfb ti jostcff5 triukfbshiit5 cog suppirt -thbrobt lioobltjios.Wi kblidb &cdjfjcr wjth thb usbr jotbr&clb5 liotrif pcobfs5 pri!rcd jostcffctjios thbrb js c obbg tidcjotcjo ckiut */ cl 2OJR6kcsbg obtwirn triukfbshiitjo! tiifsPct fbcst 7JO2 cog W[C(-[$>W-P wjthiut hc%jo!ti slriuo!b &ir5 giwoficg5 cog jostcff sb%brcf gj&&brbot thjrg6pcrt" tiifs ti pri%jgb thbsb &bcturbsti $+ '.

-jlrisi`t Ujogiws

Cfthiu!h jlrisi&t Ujogiws js jo cg%cotc!b &ir pbrsiocf cog kusjobss lidputjo!5 thboudkbr i& wjrbfbss6spblj&jl tiifs c%cjfckfb &ir Ujogiws &cffs wbff kbhjog )jouA. Whjs shirt&cff gibsoit prb%bot "iu &rid usjo! Ujogiws &ir cllbss liotrif ir cs c !ctbwc" &ir c wjrbfbss obtwirn.Ujogiws &ir gbsntips pri%jgbs Jotbrobt lioobltjio shcrjo!. Ujogiws 1/// lco clt cs c rbditbcllbss sbr%br ti c )CO ir thb Jotbrobt5 cog wjff hist [C8J>+ cog ithbr &irds i& cllbss liotrifcog usbr cuthbotjlctjio.

/uddcr 7ckiut Ujrbfbss /tcogcrg0

Ujrbfbss obtwirnjo! suppirt pri%jgbg jo thb lurrbot ipbrctjo! s"stbds5 cog thb si&twcrb thctlidbs wjth "iur obtwirn lcrg5 lco hbfp io bcsjf" mudp jo io thb kcsjls i& thb wjrbfbss wc%b. irdirb jotbosb wjrbfbss primblts5 "iu wjff &jog thb si&twcrb cog jo&irdctjio fjons pri%jgbg hbrb tikb jo%cfuckfb jo !bttjo! "iu &crthbr cfio! joti c rikust cog sblurb wjrbfbss jo&rcstrulturb.-Apbosj%b cog prbljsb tbst bujpdbot &rid C!jfbot 4&irdbrf" Hbwfbtt67clncrg:s tbst bujpdbotgj%jsjio?5 WbntriojA5 Corjtsu5 J[5 ir itirifc crb thb iof" sifutjio jo lcsb "iu obbg ti noiw dirbckiut thb sj!ocfs &fictjo! criuog jo thb wjrbfbss spbltrud5 kblcusb oi cdiuot i& si&twcrb &irco" ipbrctjo! s"stbd wjff hbfp "iu. J& "iu obbg dirb spblj&jl jo&irdctjio ckiut c pcrtjlufcrobtwirn prigult5 tblhoifi!"5 ir prikfbd5 liosuft co" i& thb Ubk sjtbs cog fjst sbr%brs fjstbg5 irusb "iur &c%irjtb Ubk sbcrlh bo!job. J& "iu &bbf thb prispblt i& jdpfbdbotjo! c wjrbfbss obtwirnjs wc" i%br "iur hbcg5 "iu lco prikckf" &jog c sujtckfb filcf %bogir ti hbfp "iu gbsj!o cog kujfgc obtwirn ti sujt "iur obbgs. $& liursb io thb jotbrobt "iu wjff kb cdcKbg ct thb wbcfth i&spblj&jl gctc c%cjfckfb.


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@jeurb 33. $%".33. Crl!jtblturb

+bliogf"5 lurrbot sblurjt" dbthigs &ir thb dist wjgbf" c%cjfckfb wjrbfbss tblhoifi!"5/1.**k5 crb bjthbr bcs" ti gb&bct ir gj&&jluft ti jdpfbdbot.E0/

Whrbcts cog %ufobrckjfjtjbs thct lidb obAt crb sidb i& thb dirb scfjbot iobs i& thb wjrbfbsss"stbds#

@Cff thb %ufobrckjfjtjbs thct bAjst jo c lio%botjiocf wjrbg obtwirn cppf" ti wjrbfbsstblhoifi!jbs.

cfjljius botjtjbs dc" !cjo uocuthirjKbg cllbss ti co c!bol":s lidputbr ir %ijlb 4J7tbfbphio"? obtwirn thriu!h wjrbfbss lioobltjios5 pitbotjcff" k"pcssjo! co" &jrbwcffpritbltjios.

+bosjtj%b jo&irdctjio thct js oit bolr"ptbg 4ir thct js bolr"ptbg wjth piir lr"pti!rcphjltblhojubs? cog thct js trcosdjttbg kbtwbbo twi wjrbfbss gb%jlbs dc" kb jotbrlbptbg coggjslfisbg.

8bojcf i& sbr%jlb 48i+? cttclns dc" kb gjrbltbg ct wjrbfbss lioobltjios ir gb%jlbs.

cfjljius botjtjbs dc" stbcf thb jgbotjt" i& fb!jtjdctb usbrs cog dcsubrcgb cs thbd iojotbrocf ir bAtbrocf lirpirctb obtwirns.

+bosjtj%b gctc dc" kb lirruptbg gurjo! jdpripbr s"olhriojKctjio.

cfjljius botjtjbs dc" gbpfi" uocuthirjKbg bujpdbot 4b.!.5 lfjbot gb%jlbs cog cllbsspijots? ti surrbptjtjiusf" !cjo cllbss ti sbosjtj%b jo&irdctjio.

8ctc dc" kb bAtrcltbg wjthiut gbtbltjio &rid jdpripbrf" lio&j!urbg gb%jlbs.

Mjrusbs ir ithbr dcfjljius ligb dc" kb lirrupt gctc io c wjrbfbss gb%jlb cog kbsuksbubotf" jotrigulbg ti c wjrbg obtwirn lioobltjio.

cfjljius botjtjbs dc"5 thriu!h wjrbfbss lioobltjios5 liooblt ti ithbr c!boljbs &ir thbpurpisbs i& fcuolhjo! cttclns cog liolbcfjo! thbjr cltj%jt".

Jotbrfipbrs5 &rid josjgb ir iut5 dc" kb ckfb ti !cjo lioobltj%jt" ti obtwirn dcoc!bdbotliotrifs cog thbrbk" gjsckfb ir gjsrupt ipbrctjios.

cfjljius botjtjbs dc" usb c thjrg pcrt"5 uotrustbg wjrbfbss obtwirn sbr%jlbs ti !cjocllbss ti co c!bol":s obtwirn rbsiurlbs.

Jotbrocf cttclns dc" kb pissjkfb %jc cs hil trcosdjssjios.E0*

Whb /1.**k obtwirns lco kb sblurbg 4oirdcff"5 oit *//Z pbrlbot? jo twi wc"s# k" U-74wjrbfbss bolr"ptjio pritilif? cog C( cggrbssjo! &jftbr.

$1*ttp77www(plstcts(lid7crtjlfb-jbw(ld:crtjlfb?=3$85

$3&( %cryejcoojs co/ )( 'wbos, jrbfbss btwir \bl+rjty H 81;(33, 6f+btiit* co/ #co/*bf/ b-jlbs,

?\&, &bl*oifiey C/djojstrctjio, R(\( bpcrtdbot i Liddbrlb, \pbljcf Q+kfjlctjio 811"$8
http://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=1489http://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=1489


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[)5 trcosdjttjo! cog rblbj%jo! jo&irdctjio liostcotf" clrissthb obtwirn. Jo thjs gbosb 4cog distf" jo%jsjkfb? wbk i& gctc5 ricdjo! hudco oigbs jo thbobtwirn wjff kb ckfb ti rbtrjb%b cog shcrb jo&irdctjio ckiut bvbrythjoe5 b%br"whbrb5 b&&irtfbssf".$o thb pisjtj%b sjgb5 [hbjo!ifg %jbws sulh c obtwirn cs c dbcos i& gjssif%jo! kcrrjbrs kbtwbbopbipfb cog &istbrjo! thb &irdctjio i& lidduojtjbs5 kith i& gj%br!bot sb!dbots i& thb pipufctjio

whi stcog ti kbob&jt &rid bclh ithbr:s noiwfbg!b5 cog i& fjnb6djogbg jogj%jgucfs whi lhiisb tilio%bob &ir siljcf purpisbs ir &ir spur6i&6thb didbot5 liipbrctj%b pifjtjlcf cltjio. 3ith&uoltjios crb lrjtjlcf &ir b&&bltj%b noiwfbg!b dcoc!bdbot. [hbjo!ifg ljtbs sb%brcf &bcts i&pifjtjlcf liirgjoctjio bockfbg k" wjrbfbss lidputbr lioobltj%jt"5 jolfugjo! thb *''' Uirfg Wrcgb$r!cojKctjio pritbsts jo +bcttfb cog thb io!ijo! gbdiostrctjios k" kjl"lfjo! @(rjtjlcf cssEpritbstbrs. $o c dirb duogcob fb%bf5 thb prilbss i& crrco!jo! iob:s siljcf ir kusjobss lcfbogcr

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