wireless body area networks for healthcare (wban)

Wireless Body Area Networks for healthcare

Outline :• Why we chose this topic. • Introduction and background.• Major challenges.• Challenges' solutions.• Directions for future work.• Conclusion. • Proposal.

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Why we choose this topic ?!

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Introduction and Background :

What is the problem?

Elderly people, chronic diseases, and health con-sciousness of community, etc.So..There is a need for providing a health service that facilitates and improves the human health.

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How they addressed the need?

A wireless body area network (WBAN) is a collection of wireless sensor nodes that are situated either in-side or outside the human body for monitoring the outside environment and functions of the body.

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What are the advantages of WBAN?

• WBAN allows the patients to get their health conditions monitored wherever they are without restricting their mobility.

• Doctors can still access the data and give their patients advices based on these data.

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Major challenges

WBAN is the network

around the human body

Reliabil-ity

Energy

Effi-ciency

Security and pri-

vacy Network coexis-tence

Scalabil-ity

Quality-of-ser-vice

Low cost

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Major challengesPhysical layer challengesEnergy consumption

• Medical sensors have a requirement of being always activated to continually collect and transmit patient’s data to care givers and hospitals.

• Energy consumption is a very sensitive issue, especially in the implantable body sensors; it needs a body surgery in order to replace the batteries

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Energy consumption can be classified into three cate-gories:• Sensing• Communication • Data processing

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Major challengesPhysical layer chal-

lenges Energy consumption

The communication between the body sensors and body sensors with the personal device (PD) is consuming more energy than the computational process ??!

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Because of:• Idle listening and over hearing of packets.• The cryptographic operation, which needed for the high security requirement.

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Challenges' Solutions:

TMAC (Time-Out Mac) protocol, which is one of the most energy efficient protocol used in WBAN.

Based on “Duty-Cycling”

It suffers from “Early Sleeping Mode”

Physical layer challengesEnergy consumption

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Major challengesTransport layer chal-

lenges Reliable transfer of data

Some reasons lead to unre-liable data

transmission

Cor-rupted sensors

Disrupted connectiv-

ity

Patient with

sweating

Health state

degrada-tion

False treat-ment

Heart attack

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Major challengesTransport layer chal-

lenges Reliable transfer of data

The reliability of data transmission

effected by:

Congestion Bit-error rate Link quality

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Major challengesTransport layer challengesReliable transfer of

data

• The error rate for medical data transfer must be decreased to improve network reliability.

• The reliable data transmission should be inves-tigated for low power body sensor networks

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Approach to creating reliable WBANS called Cooperative Network Coding (CNC).

Transport layer challengesReliable transfer of data

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CNC increase the reliability :Because, if any of the nodes fail, the packets can still be transmitted by the other nodes to the destination. Also, if any of the links fail, the data con go through other paths without the need of re-transmissions.

Transport layer challengesReliable transfer of data

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Major challengesIndependent challengesSecurity and privacy

• The challenges are come from the resource con-straints of WBAN devices and the high demand of both security and privacy with practicality and us-ability.

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Major challengesIndependent challenges Security and privacy

The requirement of security and privacy :

• The privacy of patients may be violated if the data gathered from a monitored patient is accessi-ble by unauthorized users, whether the data accessed while it is stored inside the WBAN or during their transmission outside the WBAN.

Data confi-dentiality

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• It means to make sure that the information is sent by the supposed sender.Data au-

thenticity

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• It means to make sure that the received information has not been manipulated.Data in-

tegrity

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•The data must be encrypted and should be available to healthcare providers even with the denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and should be recoverable even if the data fail. • The traffic has to be always encrypted, au-thenticated and impossible to be modified in the way to the destination. 21


• The sensors must know what network they be-long to them because the communications be-tween sensors in different WBANs can easily cross over when people get in close.

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Challenges' Solutions: Security and privacy:

data confi-dentiality

The doctor must encrypt the Informa-tion before sending it using a secret key either Symmetrically or asymmetri-

cally

dataauthenticity

Message Authentication Code (MAC3) iscalculated using a shared secret key

data in-tegrity

Need to verify the MAC to guarantee that the received data is the last message

and not replayed a tampered message23

Challenges' Solutions: Security and privacy:

-Another security solution by using Tiny-Sec and ZigBee network layer(NWK)

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Directions for future work :T-MAC protocol still requires more up-

grade and research, in order to improve the energy efficiency in WBANs

Use body temperature or the physical movement of the patient as means to produce

power

Make a new generation of personalized monitoring systems that allow users to con-

figure their systems and user interface, interact with their social network and improve their

quality of living 25

Directions for future work :

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Make the data available and retrieve it easily;by stored in Cloud Servers

Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) can be used for better message delivery and for improving the bat-

tery performance

Conclusion

Since the energy is the most critical and chal-lenge issue in WBAN, we decided to com-plete our research on “Energy Con-sumption” and propose a solution to it.

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Done By :

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References :[1] B. Yu, 'Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare: A Feasibility Study', 2009. [2] A. Arya and N. Bilandi, 'A Review: Wireless Body Area Networks for Health Care', International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, vol. 2, no. 4, 2014. [3] L. Filipe, F. Fdez-Riverola, N. Costa and A. Pereira, 'Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications: Protocol Stack Review', International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 2015, pp. 1-23, 2015. [4] H. Yoo, 'Wireless Body Area Network and its Healthcare Applications', 2013. [5] S. Song, N. Cho and H. Yoo, 'A 0.2-mW 2-Mb/s Digital Transceiver Based on Wideband Signaling for Human Body Communications', IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 2021-2033, 2007.

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Thank you for listening …

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wireless body area networks for healthcare (wban)

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