wines of burgundy france session 1 - welcome to the olli ... · wines of the world - france . 4 ....

Wines of the World - France

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OLLI

Wines of Burgundy France

Session 1


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Wine Regions of France

Champagne Loire Valley Alsace Burgundy Bordeaux Côtes de Rhône Languedoc-

Roussillon


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Wine Regions Major Grapes

Champagne – sparkling Loire Valley – white Alsace-white Burgundy -red & white Bordeaux - red & white Cotes de Rhone - red Languedoc-Roussillon -

red & white Provence

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay Sauv. Blanc, Chenin Blanc,

Cabern. Franc Riesling, Gewurztraminer Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Gamay Cabern. Sauv., Merlot, Cabern.

Franc, Sémillon Syrah, Grenache Merlot, Cabern. Sauv., Sauv.

Blanc, Chardonnay Granache, Syrah


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A.O.C.

Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée

Laws established in 1930s set minimum requirements for each wine-producing area in France.

There are more than 350 A.O.C. French wines


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A.O.C.

1. Geographic origin

Chablis Pommard

2. Grape variety which can be planted

Chardonnay Pinot Noir

3. Minimum alcohol content

10% 10.5%

4. Vinegrowing practice: max. wine per acre

40 hectoliters / acre

35 hectoliters / acre

1 hectoliter = 26.42 U.S. gallons


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French Wine Labels


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Wine Regions of Burgundy


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Burgundy (Bourgogne)

Begins about 60 miles south-east of Paris Extends for 225 miles (North-South) Weather: continental with cold winter and warm

summer Population of 1.6 million

Dijon (150,000) Chalon sur Saône (50,000) Auxerre (37,000) Macon (34,000) Beaune (21,000)


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History of Burgundy Wine (Greek traders brought vines to Marseille in 600 BC) Roman invasion brought beginning of wine

production in 51 BC (Celts had vines there already) (Greek traders brought vines to Marseille in 600 BC) Sixth century; King Guntram gave his vineyards to

church in 587 Benedictines through Abbey of Cliny (founded in 910)

became 1st large vineyard until the 19th century Another order, Cistercians (1098) created first walled

vineyard, Clos de Vougeot (in 1336) Since Burgundy is land-locked, little wine was

transported in medieval times except Chablis which could reach Paris by Yonne River


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Burgundy History cont.

In 14th century, during Papacy in Avignon, wine was transported over land and via Saône and Rhône rivers south; considered the finest wine in Rome at the time

In 1370, first mention of Pinot Noir By 18th century, French roads improved and

Burgundy began competing with Champagne wines in Paris

Revolution of 1789, confiscated vineyards from Church and fragmented them into small plots


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Burgundy

Burgundy has more appellations (A.O.C.) than any other French region (150)

Vineyards are delineated by terroir

400 types of soil in Burgundy Classifications are geographically-focused

Regions runs from Auxerre to Mâcon (Lyon) Separate from Chablis (in the north) is the Côte d’Or

25 miles long and 1.2 miles wide Côte de Nuits (of Dijon to south of Nuits-St.-

Georges) Côte de Beaune (Ladoix to Dezize-les-Maranges)


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Burgundy

Classification of the qualities of the land in the Côte d’Or is the most elaborate on earth.

The classification dates back to the med 19th century Grand Cru: first class; 31 in operation today; mainly

in Côte de Nuits. Each Grand Cru has its own appellation; single, simple vineyard name. Example: Musigny, Corton, Montrachet

Premier Cru: 635 (of varying quality); name of commune followed by name of vineyard. Example: Chassagne-Montrachet (les Calliers)


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Burgundy

Many tiny villages surrounded by flat and sloped vineyards

Villages on eastern side of a hilly region (sheltered from prevailing westerly winds)

Grand Cru come from higher slopes (most sun and best drainage)

Premier Cru come from less favorable sites Village wines produce from flat territory nearer

villages


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Burgundy

Côte de Nuits contains 24/25 red Grand Cru appellations in Burgundy

Côte de Beaune contains all the white Grand Cru

appellations South of Côte d’Or is Côte Chalonnaise

Produce both red and white wines Mercurey, Rully and Givry

Further south is Mâconnais Produces larger quantities of affordable white wine

Even further south is Beaujolais Fruity red wine made from Gamay grapes


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Burgundy Regions


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Burgundy Regions


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White Wines of Burgundy

Main regions of Burgundy Chablis Côte d’Or Côte de Nuits, Côte de Beune (Montrachet,

Meursault) Côte Chalonnaise Mâconnais (Pouilly-Fuissé) Beaujolais


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White Wines of Burgundy

Types of white Burgundy - In Chablis, because of its northerly climate, its

wines have more acidity than Mâconnais of the south.

- 95% of grapes from Chablis and Mâconnais are fermented and aged in stainless steel.

- Grapes from Côte de Beaune are fermented and aged in oak barrels adding complexity, depth, body, flavor and longevity

All white Burgundies have one trait in common: They

are dry.


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Wines of Burgundy

Classification of Burgundies Village Wine (36%) Bears name of a specific village. Consumed

within 2-4 years ($ = good) Premier Cru (12%) Specific vineyard, bears name of both

vineyard and village. Name of village and vineyard. Aged for 3-5 years. ($$ = better)

Grand Cru (2%) Specific vineyard meets or exceeds established

requirements. Bear name of vineyard. Meant for cellaring >15 years ($$$$ = best)


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How can we understand Burgundy?

Vineyard defined by terrior not ownership Ex: 125 acres of vineyard Clos de Vougeot has 80 owners of parcels.

Grower could own just a few rows, enough to make a single barrel (25 cases)

Growers have parcels from different vineyards Ex: Grower Domaine Roumier 3 wines Chambolle-Musigny

Village wine: Domaine Roumier Chambolle-Musigny Premier Cru: Domaine Roumier Chambolle-Musigny Les

Amourseuses Grand Cru: Domaine Roumier Les Musigny

Négotiants • Brokers rose to power after French revolution due to small

acreage, growers could not bottle, market, sell own wine • Combine small lots a bottle under their name • Since 1960-1980, negotiants bought growers


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Burgundy Pyramid


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Chablis

Quality levels of French Chablis Petit Chablis - ordinary quality, rarely seen in US Chablis - comes from grapes grown anywhere in Chablis

district - drink within two years of vintage Chablis Premier Cru - comes from specific high-quality vineyard - drink between two and four years of vintage Chablis Grand Cru - comes from one of seven designated vineyards - Les Clos, Vaudesir, Valmur, Bourgros, Blanchot,

Preuses,and Grenouilles


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Chablis Labels


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Chablis


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Chablis


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Chablis


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Burgundy Regions


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Red Grapes of Burgundy

Pinot Noir Gamay


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Cote d’Or


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Map of Côte d’Or


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Cote d’Or


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Cote d’Or

Cote de Nuits Cote de Beaune


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Côte d’Or

To really understand the Côte d’Or Burgundy wines, one has to become familiar with the most important villages, Grand Cru vineyards and some of the Premier Cru vineyards.


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Côte d’Or

• Quality of Wines • Grand Cru • Premier Cru • Village • Generic

• Region • Côte de Beune (8 Grand Cru) • Côte de Nuits (24 Grand Cru)


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Cote d’Or

The Côte lies on an important geological fault

line where the sea-bed deposits of several

different geological; epochs, each rich in

calcium from defunct shellfish, are exposed like

a sliced layer cake.

Exposure has weathered their rocks into soils of

different ages and texture.

The varying degrees of slope have mixed them

in different proportions.


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Cote d’Or


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Cote d’Or

Classification of the qualities of the land in the Côte d’Or is the most elaborate on earth.

The classification dates back to the med 19th century

Grand Crus: first class; 31 in operation today; mainly in Côte de Nuits. Each Grand Cru has its own appellation.


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Cote de Beaune – White Wines This is one of the two major areas of the Cote d’Or. Very

limited amounts of wine from this areas are white, but they are some of the finest examples of dry white wine produced in the world and are considered a benchmark for winemakers everywhere.

The four most important white wine villages of the Cote de Beaune are:

Aloxe-Corton Meursault Puligny-Montrachet Chassagne-Montrachet All produce wines that are 100% Chardonnay grapes The primary difference is in the location of the vineyard:

soil and slope of the land.


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Labels from Côte d’Or


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Villages of Côte de Beaune

Aloxe-Corton (2) Beaune Pommard Volnay Meursault Puligny-Montrachet (4) Chassagne-Montrachet (3) Santenay


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Côte de Beaune

Three main sub-regions Santenay Meursault Beaune


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Santenay

Two main sub-regions Santenay Chassagne-Montrachet


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Santenay

Most confused geologically Complex faults make radical changes of soil

and subsoil Chassagne-Montrachet; excellent white wines

– succulent, golden white wine scented with flowers and hazelnuts; produces some red also


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Santenay


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Côte de Beaune: Meursault

Main sub-regions Chassagne-Montrachet St-Aubin Puligny-Montrachet Meursault Auxey-Duress Monthelie Volnay


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Meursault

Considered the best white wines in the world Perfect exposure to east (sun shine down rows

as late as 9 pm in summer) Limestone soil Grand Cru Montrachet: more scent, golden

color, longer flavor, more succulent and more density than any other Chardonnay in the world

Puligny tends to be more delicate than Meursault


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Meursault


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Meursault


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Beaune

No Grand Cru in either Pommard or Beune North of Beune lies Corton

Produces some amount of white, Corton-Charlemagne (which can rival Montracher

Simpler wines labeled Aloxe-Corton are produced on lower slopes; red – big, fruity sometines tannic


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Côte de Beaune: Beaune

Main sub-regions Pommard Beaune Savigny-lès-Beaune Chorey-lès-Beaune Pernand-Vergelesses Aloxe-Corton


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Cote de Beaune


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Cote de Beaune


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Cote de Beaune


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Cote de Beaune


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Cote d’Or

Cote de Nuits Cote de Beaune


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Map of Côte d’Or


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Cote de Nuits

Two main subregions Nuits-St-Georges Gevrey-Chambertin


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Villages of Côte de Nuits

Dijon Fixin Gevrey-Chambertin (9) Morey-St-Denis (5) Chambolle-Musigny (2) Vougeot (1) Vosne-Romanée (7) Nuits-St-Georges


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Nuits-St-Georges Intense, deeper color, larger life characterize these

Pinot Noirs Long line of Grand Crus, from Prémeaux to Vosne-

Romanée and Vougeot Some of the world’s most expensive wines

Romanee-Conti, la Romanee, le Richebourg, Clos de Voygeot

Clos de Vougeot 125 acres 80 owners (vineyards), some no more that 1-2 rows On a slope with higher regions producing best wines Confrérie des Chevaliers du Tastevin


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Nuits-St-Georges


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Nuits-St-Georges


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Nuits-St-Georges


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Gevrey-Chambertin

Archeological evidence of plantings as early as 1st century BC

310 acres of Pinot Noir 33 of Burgundy’s Grand Crus Musigny wines have a delicacy of perfume

over classic Pinor Noir characteristics; can age 10-20 years aging

There are more famous vineyards in this region than any other in Burgundy


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Cote Châlonnaise

Least known major wine district of Burgundy

Mainly know for value Pinot Noir as Mercurey,Givry and Rully

Value white wines Montagny Rully


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Cote Châlonnaise


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Mâconnais The southernmost, white-wine-producing

area in Burgundy Pleasant, light, uncomplicated table wines Most famous: Pouilly-Fuissé Other Quality Wines (Basic-Best):

Macon Blanc Macon Superieur Macon-Villages St-Veran Pouilly-Vinzelles Pouilly-Fuisse


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Mâconnais


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Pouilly-Fuisse


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Pouilly-Fuisse

Wave-shaped limestone hills rich in alkaline clay, loved by Chardonnay grapes

Use a variety of wine making techniques Type and length on oak Lees-stirring Use of second crop fruit to add acidity


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Beaujolais

• Made from 100% Gamay grapes • Light and fruity • Served chilled • Very affordable • Consumed very young


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Beaujolais


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Quality Levels of Beaujolais

Beaujolais Basic Beaujolais (Cost $) Beaujolais–Villages Blend from certain villages (Cost $$) Cru Name of one of 10 villages (Cost $$$) Brouilly, Chénas, Chiroubles, Côte de

Brouilly, Fleurie, Juliénas, Morgon, Moulin-a-Vent, Régnié, Saint-Amour


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Beaujolais Nouveau

• Lighter and fruitier • Picked, fermented, bottled, sold • Best drunk within 6 months • Released on 3rd Thursday of

November


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Red Wines of Burgundy

Main regions of Burgundy Côte d’Or Côte de Nuits, Côte de Beune

Beaujolais Côte Châlonnaise

wines of burgundy france session 1 - welcome to the olli ... · wines of the world - france . 4 ....

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