Wind energy in Poland. State of the art and looking ahead.

Author: Dr Robert Sobolewski, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland

e-mail: robsob@pb.edu.pl

Presenter: Anna Józefowicz, Polish Embassy in Brazil

e-mail: anna.jozefowicz@msz.gov.pl

Joint Seminar about research and innovation

between the European Union and the state of CearáPlace: UECE – Fortaleza

7th of April 2014

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Wind energy potential in Poland – facts and numbers

Onshore Offshore

Capacity Energy Capacity Energy

GW TWh GW TWh

Theoretical potential 3100 6830 130 380

Technical potential 1400 3600 130 380

Technical potential reduced by environmental limitations 600 1500 20 60

Economic potential 82 210 7.5 22.5

Market potential 2020 11.5 28 1.5 4.5

Source: Wind Power in Poland 2010, BiznesPolska.pl, BizPoland Magazine

Central Europe

Temperate climate zone

At about 2/3 area – total amount of wind energy of the surface of 1 m2 at hight of 30 m above ground level is 750 – 1500 kWh/year

Existence of favourable wind conditions for the professional development of wind energy

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Wind energy potential in Poland - onshore

Wind resource zones:I – extremely beneficial II – favourableIII – quite favourableIV – adversV – very weak

Wind energy potential in Poland

ZoneWind energy density

[kWh/m2]

I >2000

II 1500 – 2000

III 750 – 1500

IV 500 – 750

V < 500

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Wind energy potential in Poland - offshore

Source: South Baltic Wind Atlas. South Baltic Offshore Wind Energy Regions Project. Riso-R-1775 (EN), May 2011

Averaged wind speed simulated for the period 2007 – 2009 and interpolated to the level of 100 m

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State of the art of wind energy in Poland

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Wind power 152.56 287.9 451.09 724.66 1180.27 1616.36 2496.75 3389.54

Total RES* 1362.14 1523.77 1678.27 1993.25 2556.42 3082.04 4416.09 5510.68

500

1500

2500

3500

4500

5500

Wind power installed against total power of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Poland in 2006 – 2013 [MW]

Source: Polish Wind Energy Association, www.psew.pl

*) biogas, biomass, PV panels, wind and water

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State of the art of wind energy in Poland

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Wind energy 142.3 135.3 388.4 494.2 790.2 1029 1485 3126 4435 5822

500

1500

2500

3500

4500

5500

6500

Wind energy produced in Poland in 2004 - 2013 [GWh]

Source: Polish Wind Energy Association, www.psew.pl

Development of wind energy in Poland:

system of green certificates for renevable energy generated,

producers of electricity from RES get incomes from two sources – sale of electricity and sale of green certificates,

power stations operators and electricity suppliers are required to obtain and submit to redemption the certificates of origin, or to pay the replacement fee.

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State of the art of wind energy in PolandZachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (the seaside):

has highly favourable wind conditions

leads the way in harnessing wind power to produce electricity,

biggest wind farms: Białogard District – 90 MW, Kamien Pomorski District – 90.6 MW, Kolobrzeg District – 156.2 MW, Slawno District – 200.26 MW,

Cisowo – the first wind farm in Poland (1999) – 5 wind turbines 132 kW each one.

Source: Energy Regulatory Office, www.ure.gov.pl

Wind power capacity at the end of 2013 [MW]Number of installations

157.369

306.69226

2.155

56.67

313.19178

2.6911

155.6764

96.1511

84.1825

122.720

378.4336

12.7517

7.7615

217.0726

430.54130

1045.358

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State of the art of wind energy in Poland

End of 2012 New 2013 Total (End of 2013)

Poland 2496 894 3390

Germany 31270 3238 34250

Spain 22784 175 22959

United Kingdom 8649 1883 10531

2500

7500

12500

17500

22500

27500

32500

37500

Installed wind power capacity in Poland and three leaders in Europe 2012 – 2013 [MW]

Source: GWEC; www.gwec.net

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State of the art of wind energy in Poland

Total EU 27Malta

SlovakiaSlovenia

Czech RepublicHungary

LatviaFinlandPoland

LithuaniaBulgariaRomania

LuxemburgFrance

BelgiumUnited Kingdom

ItalyNetherlands

GreeceAustriaCyprusEstoniaIreland

GermanySwedenPortugal

SpainDenmark

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Wind power capacity per 1000 inhabitants in the EU in 2012 [kW/inhab.]

Source: Wind Energy Barometer-Euroobserv’er, February 2013

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The future of wind energy in Poland

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Onshore wind 2303 3202 4101 5000 6561 8098 9060 10008 10893

Offshore wind 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 1000 1500

Small wind systems 10 70 130 190 250 310 369 429 600

1000

3000

5000

7000

9000

11000

13000

The development scenario of total installed capacity in wind power turbines in Poland, 2010-2020 [MW]

Source: The wind power development in Poland by 2020 – a vision” report. Summary, www.psew.pl

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The future of wind energy in Poland

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

WTGs manufacturing-direct 1883 2937 4951 6965 11990 16941 20137 21795 23507

WTGs manufacturing-indirect 990 1622 2831 4039 7054 10025 11942 12937 13964

Installation 1118 2077 3228 4378 6324 8240 9762 11269 12825

OEM 763 1080 1396 1713 2248 2775 3277 3774 4288

Others 1875 2613 3639 4665 6886 9074 9941 10800 11687

5000

15000

25000

35000

45000

55000

65000

Cumulated jobs in the Polish wind power sector,2012-2020

Source: The wind power development in Poland by 2020 – a vision” report. Summary; www.ieo.pl

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The future of wind energy in Poland

National RES industry Roadmap Polish NREAP**

MW installed

RES electricity generation

[GWh]

% in electricity

consumption

MW installed

RES electricity generation

% in electricity

consumption

Wind onshore

10000 23600 13.9 6150 13710 8.1

Wind offshore

500 1800 1.1 500 1500 0.9

Total RES* 15504 43737 25.8 10335 32400 19.1

Source: Mapping Renewable Energy Pathways Toward 2020, EU Roadmap; European Renewable Energy Council; www.pigeo.pl

*) hydro, geothermal, photovoltaic, biomass, biogas**) National Renewable Energy Action Plan

Projections for Renewable Energies in Poland, 2020

Barriers in wind energy sector development in Poland:

lack of grid connections possibilities (in many areas the connection capacity is blocked by a large number of wind farms which have recived grid connection terms already,

large number of wind farms projects in some areas raise unacceptance because of possible negative impact on the environment – local opponents,

critics argue that wind energy can have negative impact on landscape and tourists incomes,

development and investments processes in the offshore wind energy sector are significantly longer then in onshore one.

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Future of off-shore wind farms in Poland

Source: Project „South Baltic OFF.E.R”, www.southbaltic-offshore.eu

Concept of the Polish Offshore Grid – forecast for 2030

Polish offshore grids

(Concept)

LEGEND:

Areas of offshore WF sites

Joints of offshore wind farms

Onshore – offshore joints

Substations

Existing line HV DC

Planned line HV DC

Protected areas – Nature 2000

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Wind energy industry in Poland

Polish industry ready for manufacturing all components of wind turbines, foundations and other technical infrastructure:

• towers, nacelles, hubs – steel, metallurgy and shipbuilding industry,

• generators, transformers, control systems – electromechanical industry,

• gears, ramparts, clatches, breaks, bearings, hydraulical and pneumatic systems – mechanical industry,

• composite blades – aviation industry,

• automatic and control systems – control and electronics industry,

• specialized ships for installing and maintenance of offshore wind turbines – shipbuilding industry.

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Wind energy industry in Poland

>> Polish enterprises obtain orders for wind turbine elements from EU partners and Polish wind farm developers.

>> Cooperation between Polish enterprises and EU wind turbine manufacturers in the field of advanced technologies.

>> Manufacturing of wind turbine elements concentrates mainly in north and west region of Poland – localization of appriopriate industry, proximity of customers and accessibility of harbours for sea transport of the elements.

>> There are no manufactures in Poland that offer complete wind turbines of high power.

>> Some enterprises which operate in the wind energy sector are branches of international companies.

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Wind energy industry in Poland – some examples

Name of the company Address www Area of activity

Celsa Huta Ostrowiec27-400 Ostrowiec ŚwiętokrzyskiSamsonowicza 2

www.celsaho.comRamparts and other steal elements

Fabryka Maszyn Budowlanych FAMABA S.A.

67-200 GłogówPortowa 1

www.famaba-glogow.plTowers for onshore and offshore wind turbines

Wytwórnia Konstrukcji stalowych Ostrowiec

27-400 Ostrowiec ŚwiętokrzyskiGulińskiego 30

www.wks.com.pl Bodies and nacelles

Zakład Budownictwa Energetycznego Sp. z o.o.

75-221 KoszalinMorska 16

www.zbe.koszalin.plSubstations up to 1600 kVA

Zakład Prefabrykacji HCZ PREMET Sp. z o.o.

42-200 CzestochowaRejtana 6

huta.isd-poland.com Constructional elements

ZASTA Sp. z o.o.76-200 SlupskOwocowa 4-8

www.zasta.eu Towers

Stocznia Gdanska S.A.80-873 GdanskNa Ostrowiu 15/20

www.stocznia.gda.plTowers for onshore and offshore wind turbines

Aarselff02-681 WarszawaAl. Wyscigowa 6

www.aarselff.com.plFoundations to wind turbine towers

Spomasz S.A.68-200 ŻaryOkrzei 104

www.spomasz-zary.plPlatforms of ofshore towers

LM Wind Power Blades Sp. Z o.o.

72-100 Goleniow, LozienicaNowa 3

www.lmwindpower.com Blades

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Name of the company Address www Area of activity

Mostostal Chojnice S.A.89-620 ChojnicePrzemyslowa 4

mostostal.chojnice.plTowers for wind turbines onshore and offshore

Telefonika Kable S.A.30-663 KrakowWierlicka 114

www.tfkable.pl Cables

Fabryka Transformatorow Zychlin

99-320 ZychlinNarutowicza 70

www.ftz.plTransformers, range of rated power 2500 – 90000 kVA

CRIST S.A.80-867 GdanskSwojska 12

www.crist.com.plWorking platform for offshore wind turbines

EUROS Zory-Warszowice

43-254 WarszowiceGajowa 5A

www.euros.de/pl/company_warszowice.html Blades

EUROS Ustron43-450 UstronJ. Kreta 2

www.euros.de/pl/company_ustron.html Blades

Wind energy industry in Poland – some examples

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Examples of research projects in the field of wind energy in PolandTitle of the project Beneficiary

Opening date

Closing date

Budget [zl (US dollars)]

Creation of the electrical generator prototype powered by wind turbine and its implementation

Dolnoslaska Fabryka Maszyn Elektrycznych p. z o.o.

2009.03.19 2010.09.30651 164

(217 000)

Research and development leading to implementation of innovative wind turbine

SIGMA S.A., Barak 2009.11.06 2011.09.301 418 280(473 000)

The first in Poland vertical axis wind turbine based on Polish response

MEPROZET Stare Kurowo Sp. z o.o.

2011.04.01 2014.06.305 393 766

(1 798 000)

Research and development of innovative small wind turbines

POLBUD S.A. 2011.04.15 2013.12.313 265 156

(1 088 000)

Comprehensive response of the variable rotating small wind turbine equipped with storage energy module and applied to distributed generating systems

Warsaw University of Technology

2009.10.01 2012.12.311 136 600(379 000)

Optimization system of power control of wind farm under limited possibilities of grid capacity

Lublin University of Technology

2009.10.01 2012.09.30780 000

(260 000)

The AC/DC/AC inverter for asynchronous machine powered by hydro and wind turbine

Bialystok University of Technology

2009.08.01 2012.04.30870 000

(290 000)

Creation and implementation of the family of vertical axis wind turbines

ARTBAU Sp. z o.o. 2010.03.04 2012.03.301 645 000(548 000)

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Title of the project BeneficiaryOpening

dateClosing

dateBudget

[zl (US dollars)]

The AC/AC inverter with silicon carbide elements and applied to wind turbine generatos in aff-grid and on-grid systems

Gdansk University of Technology

2010.05.01 2012.12.31862 000

(287 000)

Small wind turbine optimized for low wind speed conditions

Military University of Technology in Warsaw

2013.10.01 2016.07.313 822 941

(1 274 000)

Innovative vertical axis wind turbine of 1.5 MW equipped with highly effective power inverter

STALPRODUKT S.A., Bochnia

2013.12.01 2016.09.3027 599 808(9 200 000)

Designing and analysis of locating and anchoring systems of offshore wind turbine platforms for South Baltic sea

Gdansk University of Technology

2013.12.01 2016.11.301 177 200(392 000)

Designing and analysis of locating and anchoring systems of offshore wind turbine platforms for South Baltic sea

Stocznia Remontowa NAUTA S.A. Gdynia

2013.12.01 2016.11.30402 016

(134 000)

TOTAL49 023 931

(16 341 000)

Examples of research projects in the field of wind energy in Poland

Source: The National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR)

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About the Author:

Dr. Robert Adam SobolewskiAssistant Professor at Department of Power Engineering, Photonics and Ligthing Technics, Bialystok University of Technology, e-mail: robsob@pb.edu.pl

Fields of research and possible cooperation with Brazilian researchers:

- wind farm power output estimation and forecasting,

- reliability of power systems with wind power integrated,

- protective relaying within wind turbines and wind farms.

Papers:

1. Sobolewski R.A., Feijoo A.E.: Semi-Markov model for evaluation of wind farm output power probabilistic characteristics (submitted, under review).

2. Sobolewski R.A., Feijoo A.E.: Estimation of wind farms aggregated power output distribution. In: International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 46(2013) 241-249.

3. Feijoo A., Villanueva D., Pazos J.L., Sobolewski R.: Simulation of correlated wind speeds: A review. In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(2011) 2826-2832.

4. Sobolewski R.A.: Analiza niezawodności układu wytwórczo-przyłączeniowego turbiny wiatrowej wykorzystująca kryterium ekonomiczne niezawodności. W: Przegląd Elektrotechniczny R. 86 Nr 10/2010, s. 324-329 (in Polish).

5. Feijoo A., Sobolewski R.: Simulation of correlated wind speeds. In: International Journal of Electrical Energy Systems. Volume 1, Number 2, July-December 2009, pp. 99-106.

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Thank you for your attention!