why we need to cite previous scholars and researchers: the 8 rhetoric reasons
TRANSCRIPT
Why We Need to Cite Previous Scholars
and Researchers:
The 8 Rhetoric Reasons
Presentation by:Wycliff Edwin Tusiime
Researcher: Vocational Teacher Education
Oslo & Akershus University College, Norway
March, 2013
Citations are used to recognize and acknowledge the intellectual property rights of authors. They are a matter of ethics and a defense against plagiarism (Swales & Freak, 2009).
Citations are used to show respect to previous to previous scholars. They recognize the history of the field by acknowledging previous achievements
(Swales & Freak, 2009).
Citations are reading guides; they point the reader to the relevant works
(Swales & Freak, 2009).
Citations project what the writer perceives to be the relevant work; they establish an intellectual network (White, 2001)
Citations are used to create a research space for the citing author. By describing what has been done, citations point the way to what has not been done and so prepare a space for new research (Swales, 1990)
Citations are used to demonstrate that the author qualifies as a member of the chosen scholarly community; citations are used to demonstrate familiarity with the field (Bavelas, 1978)
Citations are tools of persuasion; we use them to give statements greater authority (Gilbert, 1977).
Citations operate as a kind of mutual reward system. Rather than pay other authors money for their contributions, writers pay them in citations (Ravetz, 1971)
Discussion
a) Which of these 8 Rhetoric reasons presented contribute the least to your understanding of citation use?
b) What simple, straight forward answer would you choose from the 8 reasons presented and why?