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Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?. DNA and Genes. Chapter 11. DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid Polymer of repeating units of nucleotides Simple sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T). Structure. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

Why do we use mice to conduct

medical experiments?

Page 2: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

DNA and GenesChapter 11

Page 3: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?
Page 4: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Polymer of repeating units of nucleotides

Simple sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate group Nitrogenous base

Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T)

Page 5: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

Structure Two strands of

nucleotides held together by nitrogenous bases

Weak hydrogen bonds

Adenine always pairs with thymine

Guanine always pairs with cytosine

Double helix

Page 6: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

Replication Enzyme breaks hydrogen bond between

bases DNA “unzips” Each side of original DNA strand becomes

a template strand for complementary strand to form on

Free floating nucleotides attach to their base pair by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases and covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate groups

Page 7: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?
Page 8: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

Interesting facts about DNA If you unwrap the DNA from all your cells

and stretched it out-it would reach to the moon 6000 times

A chromosome can have between 50 million and 250 million base pairs

The average gene is between 10,000 to 15,000 bases long

Humans have 20,000 to 25,000 genes It takes about 8 hours for one of your cells

to copy it’s DNA

Page 9: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

Build a DNA molecule Use your materials and follow the

instructions to complete your DNA molecule

Page 10: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

From DNA to Protein It is the job of the cell to make proteins These proteins from complex, 3D shapes

that become structures and enzymes Proteins are polymers of amino acids

Page 11: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

RNA Nucleic acid Single stranded Sugar is ribose (DNA-deoxyribose) Uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) in DNA-forms

base pair with adenine (A) The actual worker that builds the protein Three types

mRNA-messenger rRNA-ribosomal tRNA-transfer

Page 12: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

Transcription A RNA copy is

made of a segment of DNA

mRNA forms complementary sequence

Leaves nucleus to enter cytoplasm

Page 13: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

Codon A group of three nitrogenous bases of

mRNA that code for one amino acid

Codon chart on page 292

Page 14: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

Translation Process of

converting mRNA information into a sequence of amino acids to from proteins

Takes place at the ribosomes (made up of rRNA)

tRNA brings a specific amino acid to the ribosome

Anticodon forms base pair with codon

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Page 16: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

MiniLab 11.1 on page 293A B C D E

DNA Base Sequence

Process mRNA Codon

Process tRNAAnticodon

Amino Acid

AATGGGATAAAAGTT

Page 17: Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

LINCS DNA replication Codon Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transcription Transfer RNA Translation


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