Why do people migrate within a country? In the past people

migrated from one region of a country to another for better farmland

Today principal of interregional migration is from rural areas to urban areas.

Migration between regions of a country

U.S. Opening of American West

changed the center of population

Example of large-scale internal migration

Movement from: Eastern seaboard Early settlement of the interior Migration to California/

Oregon Migration to the Great Plain recent growth of the south.

Historical Internal Migration : U.S. 1st wave

Westward settlement Manifest destiny From Eastern seaboard to

West Coast Rural-to-urban

Industrialization cause New jobs

2nd wave 1940s- 1970s African-Americans migrating from

rural south To cities in South, North, and

West Mechanization of cotton Defense jobs (WWI, WWII)

3rd wave Cold War jobs Emergence of Sunbelt West/ Mid-west growth too

Economic opportunity Air conditioning Cheap land

Changing Center of Population Center is the average

location of everyone in the country

Point where distribution causes the flat plane to balance on the pin

Loudoun county “mean” center of U.S. in 1810

Didn’t move out of VA until 1860 (Ohio)

Today the “center” is in Missouri Since 1980

Migration between regions in other countries

Russia: Interregional migration

important to supporting the Soviet Union

People needed to be located near resources.

Forced migration to Siberia

Rich in natural resources 45% land mass 2% of population

Incentives Offered higher wages, paid

holidays, early retirement Didn’t work

Collapse of Soviet Union ended encouragement of interregional migration.

Brazil Encourages

interregional migration Most live in large cities

along coastline World’s two largest cities

Brazil tried to attract people to interior of country by building a new capital, Brasilia in 1960

Pull factors such a improved housing and job availability Couldn’t afford

housing

Indonesia 1969

government has paid for the migration of 5 million people from the Java to less populated islands.

Receive: One way air ticket 5 acres of land Materials to build house Year’s worth of rice

Europe Principle flow of

interregional migration in Europe from east/south to west/north

Reflects low incomes and bleak jobs prospects

Happens within individual countries Britain Italy

India Governments sometimes

limit the ability of people to migrate from one region to another India requires a permit for

Indians to migrate within regions in their country

State of Assam

Restrictions date from British Occupancy

Designed to protect the ethnic identity of Assamese by limiting the ability of outsiders to compete for jobs and purchase land.

Migration within one region Intraregional

Worldwide most prominent trend is movement from cities to suburbs

Migration from Rural to Urban Areas

Began in 1800s Industrial Revolution United States urban pop

1800 – 5% 1920 – 50%

Today 3/4ths of people in U.S. and other MDCs live in cities

Urbanization now diffusing to LDCs Especially Asia

Most rural to Urban migrants are moving for economic opportunities

Migration from Urban to Suburban Areas Developed countries

migration is from cities to suburbs

Not related to employment but change in lifestyle yard with fence Better schools, safer

neighborhoods To accommodate, farms on

periphery of cities converted to neighborhoods

Migration from Metropolitan areas to Nonmetropolitan areas

migration from urban to rural areas Late 20th century a new

trend started Counterurbanization:

Net migration from urban to rural areas

Resulted from very rapid expansion of suburbs

Migration/ rural areas

Pull factors: less hectic life New technology

allows people to stay connected

Many are retired

Future Trends???