who’s who in european ew - myaoc.org€¦ · who’s who in european ew 34 ... usa mr. chris...
TRANSCRIPT
June 2007Vol. 30 • No. 6
WHO’S WHO IN EUROPEAN EW
Also in this issue:
Interviews: Gérard Christmann, COL Laurie Buckhout
Technology Survey: RWR/ESM/ELINT Systems
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276184KOR Electronics
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June 2007 • Vol. 30, No. 6
News
The Monitor 16B-52 Jamming Variant Again Seeks DOD Blessing
Washington Report 26Ups and Downs for EW In HASC FY08 Defense Budget
World Report 28Thales Captures UK Sub Work; Terma to Equip Dutch Chinooks
FeaturesInterview 30
Gérard Christmann, General Manager of Electronic Combat Solutions, Thales Aerospace
Who’s Who in European EW 34Gábor ZordAfter a period of market correction, European companies have reorganized, reformed and emerged with a new spirit of regional collaboration. JED takes a look at the varied landscape of European EW programs and the European companies that support them.
Interview 46COL Laurie Buckhout, Chief, Electronic Warfare Division, Army Asymmetric Warfare Offi ce
Technology Survey: RWR/ESM/ELINT Systems 49Ollie HoltJED offers a detailed look at specifi cations for more than 40 RWR/ESM/ELINT receivers available from companies worldwide.
Book Review 58Stormjammers: The Extraordinary Story of Electronic Warfare Operations in the Gulf War
Departments 6 The View From Here
8 Calendar
12 From the President
14 Letters
56 New Products
60 EW 101
65 AOC News
69 JED Sales Offi ces
69 Index of Advertisers
70 JED Quick Look
Cover photos courtesy Eurofighter GmbH, Dassault Aviation, Gripen International KB, Northrop Grumman, Eurocopter and Rheinmetall Landsysteme.
321053Booz Allen
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t h e v i e wf rom here
EDITORIAL STAFFEditor: John KnowlesManaging Editor: Elaine RichardsonSenior Editor: Glenn Goodman Assistant Editor: Marianne KunkelTechnical Editor: Ollie HoltWashington Editor: Kernan ChaissonContributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Gábor ZordMarketing & Research Coordinator: Allie HansenSales Administration: Esther Biggs
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDRoy Azevedo Deputy, Tactical Airborne Systems, and Manager, EW, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems Mr. Edward BairPEO Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors, USAMr. Chris BernhardtPresident, ITT Electronic SystemsBrig Gen Bruno Berthet General Engineer of the Armament, DGA, French Air ForceCOL Laurie Buckhout Chief, EW Division, Army Asymmetric Warfare Office, USACAPT Bill Chubb Program Manager, ATAPS Program Office (PMA-272), NAVAIR, USNMr. Björn Erman President, Saab AvitronicsMr. Gabriele Gambarara General Manager, Elettronica S.p.A.Mr. Hal Gershanoff Past Publisher, JEDMr. Tony GriecoFormer Deputy for Electronic Warfare, OSDMr. Walt HavensteinPresident and CEO, BAE Systems Inc.COL Gary HopperDeputy Director, AFRL Sensors Directorate Mr. Jay Kistler Technical Director, Air Warfare OUSD (AT&L), OSDCAPT Steve Kochman Commander, EA-6B Program Office (PMA-234), US Navy Rep. Joe Pitts (Honorary Member)US Congress, Founding Member, EW Working GroupMr. Kai Poulsen, Chief of Business Area – Fighter Aircraft, Royal Danish Air Force Lt Col Richard C. Stockton Deputy Commander, 53rd Electronic Warfare Group, USAF
PRODUCTION STAFFLayout & Design: Joel YapAdvertising Art: Sharlene MacCoyProofreader: Linia Hawkins, Judy WhiteContact the Editor: (978) 509-1450, [email protected] the Sales Team Leader:(800) 369-6220, ext. 3385 or (352) [email protected]
Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne O’Neilin at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail [email protected].
The Journal of Electronic Defense is published for the AOC by
Naylor, LLC5950 NW 1st PlaceGainesville, FL 32607Phone: (800) 369-6220 • Fax: (352) 331-3525www.naylor.com
©2007 Association of Old Crows/ Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher.
Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed in the “Association News” section or unless specifically identified as an AOC position.
PUBLISHED JUNE 2007/JED-M0607/5984
June 2007 • Vol. 30, No. 6
This month, most of big players in the defense market will descend on Paris for a week of serious business. At Le Bourget, on the northern edge of the city, the trade halls will be brimming with exhibitors and attendees, while the bigger deals will be discussed in the corporate chalets that overlook the flight demonstrations.
In keeping with JED tradition, our cover story this month is about Europe. I hope you enjoy reading Gábor Zord’s article about “Who’s Who” in Euro-pean EW – a different spin from our previous feature stories about the region.
European EW is going through an interesting period in its history. As with the United States, many European militaries are gaining a new appreciation for EW. This is typical in any sustained military operation, where the enemy has the time and opportunity to locate and exploit weaknesses. Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and IR threats are the major worries for European forces deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq. In response, there has been significant investment in missile warning systems and flares for aircraft, as well as IED jammers for ground forces.
While Europe’s EW spending is stronger today than it has been since the end of the Cold War, I wonder if these experiences will affect the way European gov-ernments view EW in their future strategic planning. Will EW achieve the level of importance it held during the Cold War? Or will EW planning fade into the background once these conflicts are over?
In some areas, European countries still retain very strong EW capabilities. France, for example, has one of the best-equipped air forces in the world in terms of EW self-protection. Compared with the US, Europe is also very strong in the naval EW arena, as well as in ground vehicle self-protection.
In the post-Cold War era, however, European EW manufacturers have thinned down and concentrated their EW product offerings. How many companies in Europe manufacture advanced missile warning systems, laser warners, directed IR countermeasures systems or fiber-optic towed decoys? The answer is, not many. (It is worth noting that Israel, which has a much smaller EW industry, manufactures all of these products.) Without strategic investment in these ar-eas, European militaries will become far more reliant on importing these types of systems, most likely on a quick reaction basis. This does not bode well for a strong European defense capability, and that should worry everyone on both sides of the Atlantic.
– John Knowles
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JUNE47th International Paris Air ShowJune 18-24Le Bourget, Francewww.paris-air-show.com
AUGUSTAUVSI’s Unmanned Systems North America 2007August 6-9Washington, DCwww.auvsi.org
AOC UAS Payloads ConferenceAugust 10Washington, DCClearance: Secret/US Onlywww.crows.org
TADTE 2007August 16-19Taipei, Taiwanwww.tadte.com.tw
AOC 9th Annual Space and Air Protection ConferenceAugust 20-23Albuquerque, NMwww.crows.org
SEPTEMBERDisruptive Technologies ConferenceSeptember 4-5Washington, DCwww.ndia.org
AOC Army EW ConferenceSeptember 5-7Chantilly, VAwww.crows.org
DSEi 2007September 11-14London, UKwww.dsei.co.uk
AOC Prowler Roost 2007 EW SymposiumSeptember 17-20Whidbey Island, WAwww.whidbeyroost.org
AFA Air & Space Technology ConferenceSeptember 24-26Washington, DCwww.afa.org
OCTOBERAUSA Annual MeetingOctober 8-10Washington, DCwww.ausa.org
AOC 44th Annual ConventionOctober 28-31Orlando, FLUnclassifi ed and Secret Sessionswww.crows.org
NOVEMBERAircraft Survivability 2007November 6-9Monterey, CAwww.ndia.org
AOC Passive Covert Radar ConferenceNovember 13-15Shrivenham, UKwww.crows.org
DECEMBEREW SymposiumDecember 5-6Shrivenham, UKwww.dcmt.cranfi eld.ac.uk/symposia/ew07 a
Visit www.crows.org for more information about upcoming AOC events.
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JUNEOperational Capability of Helicopter EW CourseJune 12-14Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
JULYFundamental Principles of Electronic Warfare Course(optional classifi ed day) July 9-13Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
Writing Solid CONOPS for US Government Programs and Projects CourseJuly 24-26Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
AUGUSTELINT/EW Databases CourseAugust 7-9Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
Advanced Electro-Optics for EW Engineers and Managers CourseAugust 13-17Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
SEPTEMBERAdvanced RF Electronic Warfare Principles CourseSeptember 10-14Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
Advanced EW Course(optional classifi ed day)September 17-21Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) CourseSeptember 25-27Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu
ELINT and Modern Signals CourseSeptember 25-28Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
OCTOBEROperational Capability of Helicopter EW CourseOctober 2-4Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
Electronic Defense Systems CourseOctober 22-26Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
NOVEMBERIntroduction to Radar and EW CourseNovember 13-15Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
Military EWNovember 12-16Shrivenham, UKwww.dcmt.cranfi eld.ac.uk
DECEMBERWriting Solid CONOPS for US Government Programs and Projects CourseDecember 4-6Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org
EO/IR Fundamentals for EW Engineers and Managers CourseDecember 10-14Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org a
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329964EWST
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Association of Old Crows1000 North Payne Street, Suite 300
Alexandria, VA 22314-1652Phone: (703) 549-1600
Fax: (703) 549-2589
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEWalter E. Wolf
President
Kermit QuickVice President
Douglas R. SwoishTreasurer
Glenda A. GarrisonSecretary
Don RichettiExecutive Director
REGULAR DIRECTORSGlenda Garrison
Doug SwoishTony Brees
William “Buck” ClemonsHal Gershanoff
Christopher GlazeScott MartinLinda Palmer
Steven Umbaugh
REGIONAL DIRECTORSNortheastern: Nino Amaroso
Mountain-Western: Ronald PolandMid-Atlantic: Harvey DahljelmInternational I: René Kaenzig
International II: VacantSouthern: Michael “Mick” Riley
Central: Judith WesterheideNorthern Pacific: Joe Johnson
Southern Pacific: Vince Battaglia
APPOINTED DIRECTORSDavid Hime
Paul Westcott
PAST PRESIDENTAustin “Pepper” Thomas, Jr
AOC STAFFDon Richetti
Executive [email protected]
Andy VittoriaDeputy Executive Director
Carole H. VannDirector of Administration
Shelley FrostDirector, Convention and Education Programs
Ken Miller, DirectorGovernment and Industry Affairs
Jackie KellyConference Manager
Glorianne O’NeilinMembership Manager
Tanya MillerConference Assistant
Jennifer BahlerConference Registrar
Andrew SchappertIT Manager
m e s s a g ef rom the pres ident
YOUNG CROWS IN EXCITING TIMES
For many the month of June is the finish to another academic year. For some it represents the graduation from student to the work force. For those who have chosen to enter our high technology field, I welcome each of you to an exciting time. Extreme technology is evident in every aspect of the world around us and nothing could be truer than in the universe of an Old Crow – Electronic Warfare and Information Operations.
Military electronics is more digital than it ever has been, and has the promise to provide systems that have what it takes to be truly multi-functional. In the near future, the difference between a radio, jammer or even a radar, will only be a matter of what the software or firmware is doing at that particular slice of time – it will be the same hardware.
With the advances in digital technology, today’s Young Crows will be able to de-sign and produce systems that are smaller, use less power, are more reliable and more operationally suitable than the systems on which many Old Crows cut their beaks. In the past, EW systems were limited by the state of RF components, with many designs restricted in growth capability – a must-have for the military to stay one step ahead of our adversary’s advances in radar and threat systems. Next-generation systems will not only provide growth capability measurable in orders of magnitude, they also will challenge Young Crows to upgrade capabilities much faster than ever before. Also inherent in digital EW systems is the ability to control much more of the system from a distance.
As high-speed broadband networks emerge that connect our forces, so will EW systems be connected to not only to each other, but also to reachback capabilities, such as real-time operation and reprogramming. Today’s UAV operators can literally sit on the other side of the globe and operate nearly all aspects of the UAVs under their control. Therefore, it is conceivable that in the future Young Crows will remotely control many aspects of EW system operations in certain concepts of employment. This is not such a stretch of imagination, given that the flexible digital designs of many deep-space systems have been just what were needed to work around an “in-flight” problem and save the mission.
The Old Crow force will need to pass on to the Young Crow generation the wisdom garnered from many experiences that tasked our brightest engineers to come up with those “mission saving” solutions. What has really changed with time is the speed at which Crows will be able to develop, test, field and update our systems.
Clearly, as Old Crows have conquered many challenges in their time, the future of-fers equally exciting challenges for many Young Crows to experience and master. It is the heritage of Crows to rise to technical challenges and to solve the hard problems. My challenge to each Young Crow is to continually seek out new ways to dominate the electromagnetic spectrum and remain ahead of our adversaries.
– Walter Wolf
321124Thales Aerospace
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l e t t e r sf rom our readers
JED welcomes letters to the editor. Please send to [email protected]. Letters should include a phone number and contact e-mail. All letters will be verified prior to publication. Letters may be edited for length, accuracy, clarity and to conform to JED style.
CONSIDERING CROSS-EYE JAMMINGI read with a great interest the article “Airborne Towed De-
coys” in the JED issue of December 2006.In the past I was involved in the “competition” between the
“Cross-Eye” (CE) and the “Towed Decoy” Jamming techniques. I can summarize the comparison in the following lines:
1. Miss distance: Naturally, the Towed Decoy can provide better miss distance in beam directions, where, unfortunately, very few missiles can operate due to the poor clutter-target dis-crimination (target and clutter will have the same Doppler!). On the contrary, Cross-Eye will provide the maximum miss distance in the front/rear sectors where mostly missiles are.
2. Applicability: Repeater type Towed Decoys are practically appli-cable only to CW waveforms and therefore only to semi-active missiles. Better chance to be valid against Pulse Doppler radar will exist for Fiber Optic Towed Decoys, when they will be ready with enough ERP. On the contrary, Cross-Eye jamming can be applicable against all the practical threats, including semi-active missiles (last CE generation).
Moreover it should be noted that, where the Towed Decoy will not tell you if it will work, CE jamming provides immediate tell-back if the threat has been engaged.
3. Acquisition cost: Towed Decoy systems can be cheaper (depending on the number of decoys) than CE jamming, which requires two transmitters.
4. Life cycle cost: Towed Decoys can be very expensive,
because during war operations thousands of decoys may be necessary. CE jamming has a negligible life cycle cost: once installed it will work forever.
In the past the competition was won by Towed Decoys because Cross-Eye appeared much too risky. In fact, we have to admit that the Towed Decoy functioning principles are much easier to understand than that of Cross-Eye jamming. And though Towed Decoys may limit aircraft maneuvering performances, Cross-Eye jamming required the implementation of advanced technology.
Fortunately, the Italian Air Force had a chance to demon-strate both the feasibility and the effectiveness of the CE jam-ming technique by flying successfully with an MB-339 equipped with a prototype of an ECM capable of Cross-Eye jamming.
The JED article was asking why the business around Towed Decoys is decreasing: Can it be because operators are beginning to understand that there are other more effective jamming techniques? (In the article itself, it is mentioned that some improvement to Towed Decoys can come from Cross-Eye!).
It appears that the CE jamming performances are superior to that of Towed Decoys. From the industrial point of view, the cost of CE could be less than that achieved with Towed Decoys. Is it the appropriate time to discuss seriously, without preju-dices, the opportunity to adopt Cross-Eye jamming?
Filippo NeriPresident, Virtualabs srl.
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Editorial ADAOC Convention
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This October, Visit the AOC Convention in Sunny Orlando and Catch These Informative Technical Sessions:• Emerging EW Initiatives and Market Trends• Charting New Ground with Advanced EW Technologies• IO: How is it Evolving?• The Renewed Emphasis in Army EW• EW Perspectives & Potential in the Asia-Pacifi c Region• New Technologies for Urban Warfare• Understanding NATO’s EW Needs for the GWOT• The Cyber Domain: The Newest Horizon for EW/IO• EW Opportunities in Network Centric Warfare• Plus: Classifi ed One-Day Session Covering Non-Traditional ISR Initiatives
EXHIBIT TODAY!
44th Annual AOC International Symposium and ConventionOctober 28-31, 2007
Caribe Royale All-Suites Resort and Convention Center — Orlando, FLRegister at www.crows.org
EXHIBIT TODAY!Government spending in EW and IO has never been stronger. The Global War on Terrorism is driving major investment in areas such as IED jammers and IR countermeasures. In addition, the DOD is ramping up new programs in airborne electronic attack, signals intelligence and communications jamming. You can reach those customers when you exhibit at the AOC’s 44th International Symposium and Convention.
We are fi ve months from the show and exhibit space is more than 75 percent sold. Last year in Washington, DC, the exhibition fl oor sold out early and several companies were unable to reach potential customers. Secure your exhibit space ASAP!
www.crows.org
In 2006:1,280 registered attendeesvisited the exhibit fl oor24 countries were represented
Current Sponsors: BAE Systems
RaytheonNorthrop GrummanITT Electronic SystemsSELEX Sensors and Airborne SystemsL-3 CommunicationsTerma A/SSymetrics Industries, LLCEsterline Defense Group
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t h e m o n i t o rnews
NEXT-GENERATION USAF HIGH-ALTITUDE SIGINT SYSTEM ON TRACK
The Airborne Signals Intelligence Payload (ASIP) successfully completed its sensor and aircraft calibration flight tests on the Air Force’s high-altitude U-2 reconnaissance aircraft in late April and began full SIGINT performance testing. Flight testing of ASIP, the next-generation SIGINT system for the Air Force’s “high-fliers” (U-2 and Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle), began on the U-2 last December. Northrop Grumman Missions Systems-ESL (Sacramento, CA) is the ASIP prime contractor and is delivering five develop-ment systems. The bulk of these will enter operational service next year with the U-2 fleet, which the Air Force now plans to retire completely by FY13. Production systems, to be ordered initially in FY09, will be fielded on the Global Hawk beginning in 2012. The first of nearly a year of ASIP flight tests on the first new RQ-4B Global Hawk Block 30 SIGINT variant, currently being assembled by Northrop Grumman Integrated Systems (San Diego, CA), is sched-uled in December of this year. The Air Force plans to buy 24 ASIP systems for the Global Hawk.
On April 24, the Air Force issued a pre-solicitation notice an-nouncing its intention to award Northrop Grumman Mission Systems a sole-source contract to develop scaled-down versions of ASIP, called ASIP 1C and 2C, respectively, for its MQ-1 Predator and larger MQ-9 Reaper (Predator B) UAVs.– G. Goodman
SIGINT AIRCRAFT DO YEOMAN’S WORKIn testimony before the House Armed Services Air and Land Forces
Subcommittee April 19, Air Force and Navy flag officers touted the criti-cal roles being played by their respective signals intelligence (SIGINT) aircraft. Lt Gen David Deptula, the Air Force’s first deputy chief of staff for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, noted that his ser-vice’s RC-135 Rivet Joint aircraft are operating at “above max surge” levels and require a sustained investment to keep their sophisticated capabilities effective in the global war on terrorism (GWOT).
“Spiral modernization of the Rivet Joint SIGINT fleet is necessary,” he said, “to keep pace with the wide-ranging and continu-ously evolving threat, particu- larly in light of advancements in commercially available per-sonal communication systems.” He said the spiral mod-ernization will entail a series of incremental base-
B-52 JAMMING VARIANT AGAIN SEEKS DOD BLESSING
The US Air Force’s proposed B-52 Core Compo-nent Jammer (CCJ) program was set for another high-level Pentagon review as this issue of JED went to press. The Office of Program Analysis & Evaluation (PA&E) within the Office of the Sec-retary of Defense was slated to brief the Deputy Advisors Working Group (DAWG) on May 23. The DAWG is chaired by the deputy secretary of de-fense and includes each service’s vice chief of staff. The Air Force hoped to gain the body’s support for launching the B-52 CCJ develop-ment effort, currently an unfunded priority, in FY09 or FY10.
A few years ago, the Air Force committed it-self to provision of a manned stand-off jamming (SOJ) aircraft (as a key piece of the DOD’s planned airborne electronic attack (AEA) “system of sys-tems”) after the Navy retires its carrier-based EA-6B Prowlers in 2012 and fields new EA-18G Growlers dedicated only to Navy missions. B-52s fitted with long-range jamming pods have been the Air Force’s preferred solution, but its first at-tempt at starting a program was cancelled in 2005 because its projected cost was unaffordable. The subsequent B-52 CCJ proposal featured stripped-down requirements and a halved price tag. Last October, an AEA briefing to the DAWG by a PA&E official that supported the B-52 CCJ plan was tor-pedoed unexpectedly by the then-vice chief of naval operations, ADM Robert Willard. As a result, the DAWG directed PA&E to reexamine the SOJ requirement and to report back in the spring.
A summit of the Navy and Air Force chiefs, which will include discussions of each service’s contribution to meeting the DOD’s AEA require-ments, was scheduled in late April but has been put off indefinitely. Air Force Chief of Staff Gen Michael Moseley plans to ask Chief of Naval Op-erations ADM Mike Mullen for his interim help in meeting expeditionary AEA re- quirements post-2012 with the new EA-18G G r o w l e r s until the B-52 CCJ can be fielded in FY15 or FY16. – G. Goodman
continued on page 18
326497Electtronica
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D E S I G N A N D P R O D U C T I O N O F E L E C T R O N I C D E F E N C E S Y S T E M S .
IT COULD BE REAL.
When you can’t see something, it doesn’t mean that it doesn’t exist.It may simply have a huge strategic advantage.
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line upgrades, which will ensure that the RC-135 “does not require recapitalization until 2023 and, with relatively minor service-life extensions, will remain a viable platform until 2040.”
The Rivet Joint also will receive the Network-Centric Collaborative Targeting (NCCT) capability, which links multiple intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft, such as RC-135s and U-2s. The platforms rapidly exchange and correlate disparate multi-INT sensor data “machine-to-machine” to pinpoint the locations of enemy forces and emitters in seconds. Deptula said the Rivet Joint also is gaining a reachback capability, which allows it to send a portion of its collected signals intel-ligence to ground-based worldwide analysts who can help process the data.
Rear ADM Bruce Clingan, deputy chief of naval operations for air warfare, told the subcommittee that the Navy’s EP-3E Aries II SIGINT aircraft has flown more than 8,000 mission hours in support of maritime component commander and regional combatant commander GWOT missions worldwide. The joint Army-Navy Aerial Com-mon Sensor (ACS) development program was slated to provide an EP-3E replacement for the Navy, but the two services went their separate ways two months ago. Clin-gan revealed that a DOD-directed joint ISR study, completed prior to the Army-Navy split, had “reexamined the multi-INT requirements that were the core of the ACS program, and considered potential manned and unmanned solutions. [It] validated the need for a manned, multi-INT platform to meet the tactical commander’s direct-support ISR needs and highlighted the specific attributes required to be effective in this regard.”
The Navy is fully committed to sustaining the EP-3E airframe and keeping its mission systems effective until its replacement, now called the EPX, is fielded, Clingan said. The service plans three spiral upgrades to the mission system and in-stallation of Special Structural Inspection Kits, which will carry the EP-3E through 2019. – K. Chaisson
AARGM CONTINUES LIVE-FIRE FLIGHT TESTING
The US Navy’s Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM) sys-tem development and demonstration (SDD) program, which began in June 2003 and has Italian air force partici-pation, was set to begin live-fire flight tests from F/A-18C/D fighters as this is-sue went to press in late May.
AARGM reuses the warhead, wings, fins and rocket motor of the current Navy-Air Force AGM-88 High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM) and adds a new multi-mode guidance seek-er section, a GPS/Inertial Navigation System and other improvements. The new missile is designed to improve le-thal suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD), particularly those that shut off their radars to foil HARM’s ability to passively home in on radar emissions. AARGM is scheduled to enter low-rate initial production by ATK Missile Sys-tems in the third quarter of FY08 and to achieve an initial operational capa-bility in late FY09. Production of 1,750
continued from page 16
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onstration, as well as three Quick Bolt Advanced Concept Technology Demon-stration firings. Seven live firings of engineering development model (EDM) missiles will occur in FY07, and an Op-erational Assessment with two more live EDM firings employing realistic operational scenarios is slated in early 2008. An independent Operational Eval-uation with 11 firings of production-representative AARGMs is planned in FY08-FY09. – G. Goodman
modified missiles for the Navy and Air Force is planned.
The new seeker section has a more sensitive digital anti-radiation homing (ARH) receiver and an active millime-ter-wave (MMW) radar, which is used after launch for terminal guidance when a radar shuts down. The GPS/INS is added to the HARM control section. Navy CAPT Larry Egbert, program man-ager of the Direct and Time-Sensitive Strike Program (PMA-242) at Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, MD, told JED, “The improved ARH receiver will provide more accurate geolocation information to the missile on the air-craft and in flight. The guidance algo-rithm will fuse inputs from the ARH, MMW and GPS to find and destroy air defense units even when they employ countermeasures such as the shutdown tactics. When a threat radar shuts down, the GPS/INS will be used to keep AARGM driving toward the radar’s last known position. During terminal guidance, the MMW radar will actively search the target location area to find the target.” Thus, AARGM will trans-form HARM into a true destruction of enemy air defenses (DEAD) weapon.
A national intelligence broadcast receiver is also added to the seeker section, which allows the AARGM-equipped aircraft’s pilot to receive real-time target information for cu-ing and correlation via the Integrated Broadcast Service network prior to mis-sile launch. AARGM also will transmit a weapon impact assessment message prior to impact, relaying missile and target position information for battle damage assessment purposes.
Captain Egbert noted, “With the in-troduction of the GPS/INS, AARGM can be used as a precision point-to-point weapon. AARGM’s real improvement in destroying nontraditional targets is when the GPS is coupled with the MMW radar. This will make AARGM a point-to-area weapon, allowing it to be used when a target’s exact location may not be known or when the target is mobile and likely to leave a known location.”
The AARGM technology has had seven previous live-fire tests – four as part of an Advanced Technology Dem-
JED WELCOMES NEW ASSISTANT EDITOR
Marianne Kunkel has joined JED as an assistant editor. She recently received her master’s degree in Eng-lish from the University of Florida in Gainesville and has served as an edi-torial intern for the University Press of Florida, and as both a writer and editor for the magazine Gainesville To-day. Marianne received her bachelor’s degree from Auburn University.
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NAVY MODERNIZING SURFACE SHIP SLQ-32
A Milestone B decision to begin de-veloping a second set of upgrades to the SLQ-32 electronic warfare systems on the US Navy’s surface ships under the surface EW improvement program (SEWIP) is slated to be made this month or soon after.
The service’s program executive office for integrated warfare systems (PEO-IWS) at the Washington, DC, Navy Yard will ask Dr. Delores Etter, assistant secretary of the Navy for re-search, development and acquisition, to approve the start of a system de-velopment and demonstration phase for Block 1B SLQ-32 enhancements. Block 1A SLQ-32 upgrades are in full-rate production and have achieved initial operational capability.
SEWIP is an evolutionary, incremen-tal series of enhancements to the fleet’s SLQ-32(V) systems, which entered pro-duction by Raytheon EW Systems, Go-leta, CA, in 1977 and were introduced in the fleet in the early 1980s. The SLQ-32 (“slick-32”) has provided the capability to passively detect threat ra-dar emissions, particularly those from radar-guided anti-ship cruise missiles, and to classify the type of radar. About
UAV TURF FIGHT BOILS OVERGen Deptula also told the House subcommittee (see page 16) why the Air Force be-
lieves it should be made the executive agent for all medium- and high-altitude UAVs – those that fly above 3,500 feet. That proposal, pushed by Air Force Chief of Staff Gen Michael Moseley, has raised the ire of the other services. Moseley signed a memo to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the combatant commanders on March 5 detailing the proposal, under which the Air Force would oversee the development, procurement, integration and operation of those categories of UAVs, as well as their logistics and training. In early April, JCS vice chairman Adm Edmund Giambastiani referred the proposal to the Joint Requirements Oversight Council, which he chairs.
Deptula said the proposal would streamline UAV acquisition, employment and overall mission effectiveness. He cited the Army’s ongoing procurement of Warrior UAVs, which are essentially the same as the Air Force’s existing Predators; both are built by General Atomics. Deptula noted that the Marine Corps and Navy also now plan to buy similar UAVs. “We want to work in a unified fashion when purchasing these systems,” he told the subcommittee. “Doing so would be more cost-effective, freeing up funds for other programs across all the services.” He said it also would pro-vide an opportunity to create and harness multi-service synergies that would build on each service’s strengths. “It works best when a joint commander can reach out and utilize all of the options at hand.”
He emphasized that the proposed executive agency would not be solely an Air Force operation, but would include participation by the other services and would leverage the work being done by the Joint Unmanned Aircraft System Center of Excel-lence and the Army UAV Center of Excellence. On April 13, the Army, Navy and Marine Corps declined to send representatives to an Air Force-hosted meeting to discuss the issue, although the Joint Staff and the Joint UAS Center of Excellence did, according to Jane’s Defence Weekly. – G. Goodman
TALIBAN CAN’T HIDEDuring an April 27 teleconference
piped into the Pentagon from Af-ghanistan, Royal Netherlands Army Maj Gen Ton van Loon, Commander of NATO’s International Security As-sistance Force Regional Command-South, noted that while the Taliban “were well aware of [our] surveil-lance, given the vast array of video and SIGINT assets available, there is not much they can do about it.” He said that the Taliban have moved away from large-scale attacks, which have proven disastrous to them, and are using smaller asymmetric attacks, including improvised ex-plosive devices (IEDs) triggered by pressure plates or suicide bombers rather than by remote electronic de-vices. – K. Chaisson
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half of the fleet’s SLQ-32s, predomi-nantly those on larger ship classes, also have an active radar jamming capabil-ity. SEWIP grew from the SLY-2(V) Ad-vanced Integrated EW System (AIEWS) development effort for an entirely new surface ship EW system, which was can-celled in 2002 due to cost and schedule overruns. The SEWIP systems integra-tor is General Dynamics Advanced In-formation Systems (formerly Digital System Resources) in Fairfax, VA, and Northrop Grumman PRB Systems (Hol-lywood, MD, and Goleta, CA) is a key Block 1A subsystem supplier.
Block 1A provides improved control and display (ICAD) technologies, built on the Navy standard UYQ-70 display console manufactured by Lockheed Martin (Eagan, MN), and a new signal-processing computer. These allow the SLQ-32 to more quickly identify threats and better correlate and display signal intercepts to the operator. The new com-mercial off-the-shelf signal-processing computer, built by Northrop Grumman, is called the electronic support enhance-ment (ESE). Its hardware and software development was led by the Naval Sur-face Warfare Center, Crane, IN.
SEWIP Block 1B will integrate a stand-alone AN/SSX-1 Small Ship Elec-tronic Support Measures (SSESM) sys-tem, already in production at General Dynamics Information Technology, with the SLQ-32, adding a specific emitter identification capability. Another spe-cialized capability to be developed com-petitively under Block 1B is a High-Gain (antenna)/High-Sensitivity (receiver) (HGHS). The Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC, did the early de-velopment work for SSESM and HGHS. Block 1B also will include further ICAD enhancements to reduce operator work-load. Block 1C will integrate ICAD/ESE on aircraft carriers and the other ships that have active SLQ-32(V) variants.
CDR Doug Small, assistant program manager for EW systems within PEO-IWS, said the Navy is working on a plan for SEWIG Block 2 development that will be briefed to Dr. Etter in the near future. Block 2 will lay the ground-work for more significant improve-ments than Block 1, whose upgrades
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IN BRIEFNorthrop Grumman Integrated
Systems (El Segundo, CA) said May 16 that it had delivered the center/aft fu-selage section for the first production-configured development model of the Boeing EA-18G Growler. The EA-18G is an airborne electronic attack (AEA) de-rivative of the US Navy’s new two-seat F/A-18F Super Hornet and will begin replacing the service’s EA-6B Prowler jamming aircraft in 2009. Northrop Grumman previously delivered that sec-tion for two Growler flight test aircraft, and the latest delivery is the first of four under the system development and demonstration phase of the program. The Navy’s current plan is to buy a to-tal of 84 EA-18Gs. Northrop Grumman (Bethpage, NY) is the Growler’s AEA system integrator.
✪ ✪ ✪
Army Brig Gen Anthony J. Tata was named deputy director of operations for the DOD’s Joint IED Defeat Organiza-
are being layered on top of the SLQ-32’s 1970s-vintage RF technology. (Block 2 improvements are expected to include a major receiver upgrade to improve system sensitivity and provide precise measurement of threat signal angle of arrival, according to a Navy budget document.)
The Block 2 plan also will outline the way ahead in EW for future ship classes, including the planned DDG-1000 Zumwalt-class guided-missile de-stroyer, Small said, adding, “What we
do for SEWIP Block 2 is essentially go-ing to be the same technology that will go on those ship classes, with the pos-sible exception of the Littoral Combat Ship.” He said his office has been work-ing with the future ship program man-agers to define their EW requirements based on their ship’s planned missions. A future SEWIP Block 3 phase will sig-nificantly improve the electronic at-tack capabilities of the SLQ-32, while Block 4 envisions adding an infrared jamming capability. – G. Goodman
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tion in Arlington, VA. Tata has been the deputy commanding general (support) with the 10th Mountain Division (Light) in Fort Drum, NY.
✪ ✪ ✪
The Air Force announced May 8 that Raytheon Missile Sys-tems (Tucson, AZ) is being awarded a $14.6 million cost-plus-incentive-fee modification to its Miniature Air-Launched De-coy (MALD) contract to perform risk reduction through March 2008 for the MALD-Jammer (MALD-J) variant. The contract in-cludes ground and captive flight testing. The 328th Armament Systems Wing at Eglin Air Force Base, FL, is the contracting activity. Raytheon selected Tecom Industries (Thousand Oaks, CA) May 16 to develop and manufacture the mid- and high-band transmit and receive antennas for MALD-J.
✪ ✪ ✪
Naval Air Systems Command, in a May 2 pre-solicitation notice, said it intends to award a sole-source, indefinite de-livery/indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contract to Northrop Grum-man Defensive Systems Division (Rolling Meadows, IL) for up to 155 AN/AAQ-24(V) Directional Infrared Countermeasure (DIRCM) systems, primarily for Marine Corps CH-53E heavy-lift helicopters. The IDIQ contract includes a base year plus four option years. The DIRCM system includes AAR-54 missile warn-ing sensors.
✪ ✪ ✪
Raytheon Electronic Warfare (Goleta, CA) received a Naval Air Systems Command contract May 2 that marked the first in-ternational sale of its state-of-the-art ALR-67(V)3 digital radar warning receiver (RWR). The contract includes 24 systems for the Navy and 55 for the Royal Australian Air Force. The ALR-67(V)3 is used on new Navy carrier-based F/A-18E/F fighters and will now be installed on RAAF F/A-18A+ aircraft as part of Australia’s Hornet Upgrade program. Deliveries under the contract will begin in October 2008 and be completed by March 2010. (The RAAF also has ordered 24 F/A-18F fighters that will come equipped with the ALR-67(V)3.) The contract represents the ninth full-rate production lot awarded to Raytheon; more than 400 of the RWRs plus spares have been ordered.
✪ ✪ ✪
EDO Corp. (New York, NY) was selected by Lockheed Mar-tin to provide its ALR-95 electronic support measures (ESM) surveillance system for seven Navy P-3C maritime patrol air-craft. The ESM system enhances the aircraft’s survivability by detecting, identifying and locating hostile radar signals. The contract is valued at more than $8 million, with deliveries be-ginning in mid-2008. As prime contractor to Naval Air Systems Command, Lockheed Martin is the mission system integrator
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for upgrading the P-3C aircraft’s mission avionics.
✪ ✪ ✪
ARINC (Annapolis, MD) said May 1 that a team of its engineers had played a key role in the Navy’s first live electronic attack mission of a Boeing EA-18G devel-opment aircraft in January. The Growler’s ALQ-218 receiver successfully detect-ed, identified and located a simulated threat emitter, which was subsequently
jammed by the aircraft’s ALQ-99 system. The test took place on the Atlantic Test Range near the Naval Air Warfare Center, Patuxent River, MD. ARINC and its sub-contractor, Porter Technical, developed test procedures, drafted the flight and directed the flight test for the Navy.
✪ ✪ ✪
The Naval Air Warfare Center Weap-ons Division at China Lake, CA, said May 2 that it intends to award a two-year
sole-source IDIQ contract on July 23 to L-3 Communications’ Titan Systems (Mount Laurel, NJ) for engineering, technical and programmatic support services for maintaining and updating simulations and intelligence databases for the Airborne Electronic Attack/EA-6B Prowler Integrated Product Team located at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division at Point Mugu, CA.
✪ ✪ ✪
LaBarge (St. Louis, MO) said May 2 that it had received contracts valued at $2 million from BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) to produce ruggedized circuit card assemblies for the AN/AAR-57 Common Missile Warning System. The CMWS, deployed on a variety of Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force aircraft, de-fends military helicopters and transport and tactical aircraft from heat-seeking missiles by detecting and warning crews of missile threats and cuing counter-measures. The electronic assemblies, built by LaBarge in Tulsa, function in the CMWS’ electro-optic missile sensors and in its electronic control unit (ECU), which processes data from the sensors to determine if a missile threat exists and then communicates with other de-fensive equipment such as the Advanced Threat Infrared Countermeasures (ATIR-CM) system to defeat the missile. a
CORRECTIONSThe Technology Survey on Anten-
nas in the March 2007 issue should have listed the following information for L-3 Communications Randtron Antenna Systems, Menlo Park, CA.Website: www.L-3com.com/randtron Antenna 1 model: quad monopoleBroadband sinuous model weight: 4 oz-5 lbsBroadband sinuous and broadband spiral features: can be built to spec-ifications, alternative radomes
Items in the May 2007 issue ref-erencing Lockheed Martin Systems Integration should have listed the location as Owego, NY.
JED regrets the errors.
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w a s h i n g t o n repor t
dent Bush on May 1. The appropriators in both houses fully approved the Pentagon’s JIEDDO supplemental request for an addi-tional $2.4 billion beyond the $1.9 billion already provided for FY2007. However, language in their respective bills reflected the lawmakers’ frustration with the con-tinuing fatalities suffered by US troops in Iraq and Afghanistan from roadside bombs despite the more than $6 billion in funding they have provided the JIEDDO since late 2004.
The House version expressed concern over the “lack of fiscal discipline” within JIEDDO. It urged the DOD Comptroller to provide better oversight and prevent duplication of projects between individ-ual services and JIEDDO. Despite its con-cerns, the House directed the JIEDDO to fund all additional Joint Counter Radio-Controlled IED Electronic Warfare (CREW) jammer requirements.
The Senate version of the supplemen-tal focused on the development of a stra-tegic plan for JIEDDO, and it directed the DOD to finalize the JIEDDO strategic plan no later than August 17, 2007. The Senate also directed JIEDDO to provide a staff-ing report to the congressional defense committees by May 18, 2007.
A report by House-Senate confer-ence members that accompanied the subsequent compromise supplemen-tal contained even stronger language. The lawmakers said they “remain con-cerned with the organization’s finan-cial management practices, including its continued failure to provide a plan for obligation and expenditures for pre-viously approved and for currently re-quested funding,” and believe that the JIEDDO “is not effectively managing its resources to deliver effective counter-IED solutions to theater.” The report warned that without changes, the program may not receive full funding. – G. Goodman
UPS AND DOWNS FOR EW IN HASC FY08 DEFENSE BUDGET
On May 17, the House Armed Services Committee passed the FY2008 Defense Au-thorization Bill, and though EW programs survived the process mostly unscathed, the committee’s markup still resulted in some ups and downs for some EW and SI-GINT programs.
On the up side, the HASC recognized the importance of installing the Large Air-craft Infrared Countermeasures (LAIRCM) system on Air Force Special Operations Command’s AC-130 gunships. In its report on the bill, the Committee noted that the LAIRCM request made the Air Force’s top 10 list of FY2008 unfunded priorities. It added another $5 million to the $26.9 mil-lion already allotted for LAIRCM system upgrades on the AC-130s.
The committee also added $3.9 million to fund a request by Warner Robins Air Logistics Center to complete qualification of an updated processor for the ALQ-213 EW Management System. The upgrade program had received no funding in the initial bill.
Air Force SIGINT programs also emerged with mixed results. The HASC allotted $6 million for research and development (R&D) to continue growth of the Rivet Joint Network Interface Program, which supports in-theater network geolocation collaboration. And the C-130 Senior Scout program received an additional $7 million for production of a fourth roll-on/roll-off shelter for the SIGINT aircraft. In its bud-get submission, the DOD had requested $3.9 million to upgrade the three existing Senior Scout shelters.
However, the committee cut $10.9 million from the Airborne Signals Intel-ligence Enterprise – specifically for the Global Hawk Unmanned Aerial System – indicating the amount duplicated fund-ing requested elsewhere.
Overall, the Army picked up some extra money in R&D: $2 million for electromag-netic geolocation development; $5.23 mil-lion for electronic warfare development on the advanced threat infrared countermea-sures (ATRICM) system; and $8 million for IED defeat technology development.
But, citing $250 million spent on failed Aerial Common Sensor (ACS) pro-grams along with the recent decision by the Army and Navy to go separate ways on the program, the committee noted a lack of “definition” for the ACS program, stripping the Army of $5 million and the Navy of $4 million from the FY08 request (leaving the programs at $21.4 million and $12.6 million, respectively).
Other highlights: The Navy received another $4 million for development of the TADIRCM high-power fiber laser-based pod. Special Operations Command received an additional $4 million for the Joint Threat Warning System (JTWS); Georgia Tech saw $8 million more for ad-vanced SAM hardware simulator develop-ment; $5 million extra was allotted for tactical SIGINT technology development, while development of advanced pack-aging and direction finding for JTWS netted an additional $2.3 million. The PATENT HAMMER next-gen SIGINT sensor
received an extra $1 million in devel-opment funds. – E. Richardson
CONGRESS WANTS BETTER RESULTS FROM COUNTER-IED FUNDING
The Defense Department’s Joint Improvised Explosive De-vice Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) was the target of criticism from Congress for the first time in the House and Senate versions of the
FY2007 wartime supple-mental funding bill that was vetoed by Presi-
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IN BRIEFAustralia’s Department of Defence awarded BAE Systems Australia a $76.1 million contract on May 14 to supply an upgraded electronic sup-port measures (ESM) system for the nation’s AP-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft. The contract requires BAE Systems to replace existing sub-systems and associated ground support systems. The upgraded system will enter service in 2011. The ESM contract is part of a series of AP-3C upgrades worth up to $600 million that are anticipated over the next seven years.
New Zealand’s Cabinet on May 2 approved awarding L-3 Communica-tions SPAR Aerospace (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) a $21.2 million con-tract to design, integrate and install a new EW self-protection system on the Royal New Zealand Air Force’s (RNZAF’s) five C-130 aircraft. The con-tract is an add-on to the six-year Life Extension Program for the C-130s awarded to L-3 SPAR in December 2004 by the New Zealand Ministry of Defence, which entails comprehensive avionics, mechanical and struc-tural refurbishment. SPAR previously installed the same self-protection suite on Canada’s C-130s. In 1998, the Three of New Zealand’s C-130s were equipped with a self-protection capability comprising a radar warning receiver, a missile warning system and a countermeasures dispenser. But improved self-protection is deemed essential due to the increasing sophistication and availability of ground-based anti-aircraft missiles in locations such as Afghanistan. SPAR’s system also will be fitted on New Zealand’s new NH90 helicopters.
The Indian Navy is installing indigenous electronic warfare systems on its surface ships and other platforms as part of a modernization drive, india-defense.com reported last month. The new Sangraha EW system was jointly developed by the Indian Navy and DRDO’s Electronics Re-search Laboratory. It comprises a family of electronic support measures (ESM) suites for different platforms that can detect and classify emis-sions from pulsed, continuous-wave, PRF-agile, frequency-agile and chirp radars. The system’s modularity facilitates deployment on a broad array of platforms, including small ships and helicopters. Certain San-graha-fitted platforms also have electronic countermeasures capabili-ties, employing multiple-beam phased-array jammers for simultaneous handling of multiple threats.
Singapore announced that it has decided to replace its four US E-2C Hawkeye airborne early-warning aircraft by 2010 with US Gulfstream 550 long-range twin-engine business jets equipped with the Phalcon phased-array radar system and other Israeli-made electronics. Singa-pore will receive its first Gulfstream 550 later this year. The Israeli air force last year fielded its first similar Gulfstream 500 jet equipped with the Phalcon conformal radar and signals-intelligence equipment. It also has six older Boeing 707 Phalcon aircraft. a
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THALES CAPTURES UK SUB WORKThe UK Royal Navy has awarded a £21 mil-
lion contract to Thales UK (Crawley, Sussex) to upgrade the radar ESM systems for its Trafal-gar-, Vanguard- and Astute-class submarines.
Awarded as part of the Submarine Ad-vanced RESM Technology (SMART) program, the contract calls for the company to update the submarines’ existing ESM systems with an open architecture and digital receivers. The SMART system leverages MINERVA and PALAN-TIR signal processing used on the Navy’s Type 45 frigate ESM systems.
The Royal Navy operates seven Trafalgar-class nuclear attack subs, which entered ser-vice in the 1980s; four Vanguard-class ballistic missile subs; and it is building four Astute-class nuclear attack submarines. The program will help to establish radar ESM commonality across the Royal Navy’s submarine fleet and provide greater interoperability with surface ships, like the Type 45.
In other company news, Thales France has won a contract to retrofit new radar ESM on the French Navy’s six Rubis-class nuclear at-tack submarines. – J. Knowles
TERMA TO EQUIP DUTCH CHINOOKSThe Royal Netherlands Air Force has tapped
TERMA (Lystrup, Denmark) to supply EW sys-tems for its Chinook helicopters. Under the Chinook Aircraft Survivability Equipment (CHASE) program, the company will deliver a variant of the Apache Modular Aircraft Surviv-ability Equipment (AMASE) pods installed on the stub wings of the RNLAF’s Apache helos.
The CHASE suite will comprise the AAR-54 missile warning system from Northrop Grumman, the AAQ-24 Directional IR Coun-termeasures (DIRCM) system from Northrop Grumman and Selex, a chaff and flare dis-penser, and Terma’s ALQ-213(V) EW Manage-ment System. The components of the CHASE suite were evaluated during flight tests ear-lier this year at the country’s Vliehors range. – J. Knowles
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i n t e r v i e wGÉRARD CHRISTMANN,
GENERAL MANAGER OF ELECTRONIC COMBAT SOLUTIONS, THALES AEROSPACE
When he was named to head Thales’ RF EW business line in early 2005, Gérard Christmann had already garnered decades of experience in EW, missile and communications programs within the company. After graduating from the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Télécom-munications (SUP TELECOM) in Paris, he joined the Telecomunication Division of Thomson-CSF in 1975 as a technical engineer. He was appointed director of the division’s EW department and then promoted to marketing and sales director of the division. In 1993, he was appointed Vice President of Thomson-CSF’s International Department. He then joined the company’s Detection and Missile Systems Group as director of the medium-range missile systems business. In 2000, he became Director of the Missile Electronics Business Unit within Thales Airborne Systems before being named Director of Electronic Combat Solutions, within the newly formed Thales Aerospace division. In the month before the Paris Air Show, JED Editor John Knowles interviewed Christmann for his unique perspective on the EW market.
With so many business lines and so many international customers, how does Thales approach its customers, especially its EW customers?
Thales is organized in a matrix structure between what we call our multi-domestic organizations and our business lines. The multi-domestic ap-proach means a local presence in the country, which brings Thales access to a greater number of domestic mar-kets. The company has successfully pursued its multi-domestic strategy to emerge as the largest defence con-tractor in France, Australia, Korea and the Netherlands, and has achieved an exceptionally strong position in the United Kingdom, where it is the sec-ond largest supplier to the Ministry of Defence. The business lines – each of which is an international worldwide organiza-tion – are in charge of one business. Each business line has a centralized management structure that is in charge of research and development, production, marketing strategy, and busi-ness development. Our domestic organizations in France, the UK, the US and so on, are responsible for pursuing local busi-ness opportunities in their markets. So Thales France handles business opportunities in France, Thales UK handles business opportunities in the UK, Thales North America handles US cus-tomers. This type of business requires proximity to the cus-tomer, and a team of people of the same nationality, in order to respect the national security regulations of the customer.
I should also mention that electronic warfare is supported across three structures within the Thales Group, each with its own specificities and particular expertise. Our organization, within Thales Aerospace, works on radar electronic warfare systems. This is closely tied to our radar business. The second EW organization deals with COMINT and is part of Thales’ Land and Joint Systems division, as is the third EW activity, Op-tronics, which is responsible for missile warning systems, laser
warning receivers, directed IR counter-measures and flare dispensers. So we have three different teams to cover all of the electronic warfare market. How-ever, when we need to combine and integrate the three activities, it is the radar electronic warfare team, under my responsibility, that takes charge of the systems approach. For example, when the program is to deliver a SI-GINT aircraft, we are the prime and we subcontract the COMINT to the division responsible for COMINT within Thales. When we have to deliver a self-protec-tion system for a helicopter, we are in charge of the global system combining the radar warning receiver, the missile detection receiver and so on and so on.
We are the systems integrator.
So, although your French and UK business units are developing and manufacturing EW systems, there are limits as to what information can pass between them without a government-to-government agreement?
It is a priority for us to respect international and national security regulations. For example, we have a great deal of co-operation between France and Italy on the FREMM [Frégate Européenne Multi-Mission] program. Our UK business does not participate in the program. Nevertheless, our duty is to orga-nize synergies from an industrial point of view. It is clear that we rationalize, so as not to duplicate the investment. And that means that we try to develop common technologies. But only technologies.
Are you able to realize synergies between the UK and French business units in export cases?
Yes. For the export market in the Middle East and Asia for example, we have developed a unique family of products. For naval applications, for instance, our newest family of ESM/
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i n t e r v i e w | Gérard Christmann
ELINT systems is named VIGILE. VIGILE was co-developed be-tween France and UK. When there is no security issue, we can offer products such as these.
What are some of the EW projects that Thales is working on right now?
As I mentioned, we are developing a new system for the FREMM. In the UK, we have just won a contract for the ret-rofit of radar ESM [Submarine Advanced Radar ESM Technol-ogy – SMART] on the Royal Navy’s submarines. This contract is important for us and represents confirmation from the UK MoD, in the face of open competition from the world’s major EW suppliers, of Thales’ position as the predominant naval EW supplier in Europe. There will also be a competition within the next three years for the replacement of the electronic warfare systems on all of the surface ships of the British Royal Navy. And, we have developed the VIGILE family for export oppor-tunities such as Greece, Indonesia, Malaysia, Oman, Qatar and so on. For combat aircraft, we don’t have a generic system to offer.
How is Thales approaching the airborne EW market?In France, we provide the self-protection systems for Mirage
2000 and Rafale aircraft. But we are not “the” supplier for the British platforms. For the export market, we have developed CATS [Compact Airborne Threat Surveyor]. The first CATS sys-tems were made for slow-moving aircraft like transports, he-licopters and UAVs. We are now offering a version for fighter aircraft. For the retrofit market, we have developed a podded jammer PAJ. It is very small – say close to the size of an infra-red missile – and it can fit easily on many different fighters. In addition to CATS and PAJ, we have integrated suites for more advanced aircraft. The best example is the EW suite for the Mirage 2000-9. The customer wanted something very similar or better than the F16 Block 60.
Within the radar technology area, are you looking at AESA radars that can perform EW functions?
Absolutely. In fact, for the active radar we have developed a European technology within a European company, which is UMS [United Monolithic Semiconductors]. UMS is a joint ven-ture between Thales and EADS, and we have developed the technologies to provide an RF system that be perform radar functions, as well as ESM and jamming. So we have developed the right knowledge and have a European source for the tech-nology, so we are not dependent on the US. Some AESA proto-types are already flying, and this type of technology is going to be used on the French RAFALE.
Is Thales developing a support jamming system? In the past there has been a project CARBONE.
CARBONE was started by the Air Force to enable the devel-opment of a support jammer. An arrangement has been made
to organize European cooperation, and we expect to be able to launch something – an actual program – in the following years. This is based not only on technologies demonstrated under CARBONE, but on those technology demonstration proj-ects that were contracted to us after CARBONE. The French Air Force is very interested in obtaining a support jammer. The operational requirement is clear, and we expect the program to begin in France within the next few years.
Would other nations become involved in the cooperative development of a support jammer or would you be looking to develop this strictly within France?
It would be a European collaborative program. It could be developed and bought between two or three European air forces.
What are some of the new product areas that Thales is pursuing in the EW market?
UAVs are a new requirement we are following, mainly for payloads – SIGINT payloads. And there is a need to protect them. So, for instance, we are looking into development of small jammers. We are also developing for France the payloads for the ELISA [Electronic Intelligence Satellite]. It is a black program. Of course, this is not for the export market.
At the technology and component level, do you feel that Thales is very competitive with the other top companies in the market?
Yes. It is not possible to be competitive if you do not have the right technology. And part of our main activity is to integrate the components more and more, to be able to put more functions in the same size and to lower the price for the equipment.
On what areas does Thales focus its research and development dollars these days? Do you focus more on the software expertise or in the component technology?
Both. Of course, we feel that the performance is linked to the technology – the receiver and so on. But more and more, the performance is also linked to the algorithms that run the EW systems. And as you know, increasingly the performance of a self-protection system onboard an aircraft is the result of data fusion between different sensors.
As a fi nal question, what is the strategic objective of your EW business in the near future?
We represent the merger of Thomson-CSF and RACAL and Dassault Electronique, and our target is clearly to take advan-tage of our experience in the EW market. Our goal is to main-tain our market share and, if possible, to increase our market share. We are in a very strong position in the market. And our goal is to take advantage of that position and to continue building on it. a
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311220Wide Band Systems
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European Who’s Who in
After a period of market correction, European companies have reorganized, reformed and emerged stronger than before. JED takes a look at these companies and the European EW programs they’re supporting.
By Gábor Zord
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continued on page 38
IIn last year’s July issue, JED assessed the state of Eu-ropean EW. After a decade of intense consolidation, Europe’s EW industry has reshaped itself to be more competitive within Europe and abroad. The interna-tional makeup of EW companies, such as Saab Avitron-ics, Selex, Thales and EADS, also has helped perpetuate cooperation among European governments on many EW programs. The result is a stronger European EW industry that can support the needs of its domestic customers and effectively compete in international programs. This month, JED is taking a look at “who’s who” in European EW – European companies and the European EW pro-grams they are supporting.
Euro HawkNot counting the French ESSAIM SIGINT satellite
constellation launched together with the Helios 2A IM-INT satellite, the German Euro Hawk program is Europe’s most significant SIGINT program because of its strategic importance. It’s a step in the right direction to make the common European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) possible and relevant in the future.
The Euro Hawk program reached a milestone in Feb-ruary when EADS and Northrop Grumman (together Eu-roHawk GmbH) signed a €430 million contract for the development, test and support of this high-altitude UAV system. The platform itself is a derivative of the lat-est RQ-4 Block 20 aircraft. However, it will be equipped with an indigenous, EADS-developed SIGINT payload capable of performing standoff ELINT and COMINT. The European consortium, which integrates all relevant EW capabilities under the roof of EADS Defence Electronics, also will provide ground stations that will receive and analyze the “take” from the aircraft.
According to the contract, the first demonstrator is slated for delivery in 2010, and four additional platforms will be delivered by 2014. The Euro Hawk will replace 1970s-vintage German Navy Br. 1150 Atlantique SIGINT aircraft, which have become increasingly difficult to support due to Germany’s replacement of Atlantique MPAs with ex-Netherlands Navy Orions last year. Ste-fan Zoller, a member of the EADS Executive Committee for Defence & Security Systems, welcomes the program, saying it enables the Luftwaffe to assume control of its
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intelligence activities, and shows how the Bundeswehr is transforming and ac-quiring network-enhanced capabilities.
Before its approval by the German Budget Committee, the system under-went an intensive evaluation in 2003, which included six successful test flights of a Global Hawk at the Nordholz Naval Air Station, carrying an “ELINT-type sen-sor” for wide area surveillance missions.
A400M The European transport aircraft has
moved forward during the last year as subassemblies from different produc-tion sites across the continent (wings – Filton, UK; fuselage – Breben, Ger-many; nose – Saint Nazaire, France) came together in Seville, Spain, where the production line and test facility are located. Airbus recently dispelled ru-mors of a half-year flight delay that had leaked from a contractor, and the first flight is expected next year.
According to Lothar Belz, EADS senior media manager, the A400M will receive
the newest technology to cover both symmetrical and asymmetrical threats. Of the planned 180-aircraft production run, 85 will be outfitted with a Defensive Aids Subsystem (DASS), which includes the Multicolor Infrared Alerting Sen-sor (MIRAS), a two-color missile launch warning system from EADS and Thales. The two-color infrared technology will enable the MIRAS to detect long range air-to-air and shorter range SAM threats with a very low false alarm rate.
The ALR-400 radar warner, co-pro-duced by Indra and EADS, has a perfor-mance more similar to an ESM system than that of a simple RWR, according to Belz. Its MBDA Expendable Dispenser System is specifically designed for the A400M and can fire a wide variety of payloads, including Modular Expendable Blocks (MEBs). This technology enhanc-es protection by increasing the effective payload in the dispensers. Moreover, the design of the DASS computer (DAC) in-corporates data fusion using both on-board sensors and external data sources to provide the crew with full situational awareness. According to EADS, growth potential includes a directed infra-red countermeasures system (DIRCM), which is part of the current aircraft de-sign and will be installed in an aircraft delivered to one of the A400M launch customers. DASS system designers have already considered provisions for a mis-sile warning system, a laser warner and a towed decoy.
Eurofi ghter TyphoonEurope’s long-awaited fighter has
reached initial operational capability with its original developer countries during the last few years. It provides quick reaction alert (QRA) for the NATO Integrated Air Defense System (NATI-NADS), a task that places little demand on the aircraft’s complex DASS sys-tem, produced by EuroDASS, a SELEX, Elettronica, Indra and EADS consortium. The DASS provides ESM and radar jam-ming, a fiber-optic towed decoy, laser warning, missile warning and chaff and flare dispensers.
The last chapter of the first produc-tion tranche began with the certifica-tion of the Block 5 this past February.
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This standard is being retrofitted under the R2 program to all previous Tranche 1 aircraft as well, making them air-to-ground capable, but without self-des-ignation (see similar limitations for Rafale below). In March, NETMA signed the Phase 1 enhancement contract for Tranche 2 (P1-T2), which will focus on air-to-ground capabilities, just as the first Tranche 2 aircraft entered final as-sembly last October. Although the RAF will receive TGP capability next year for Tranche 1, it will become available for others only with P1-T2. Eurofighter de-signers are already working on a propos-al for P2-T2, which will include standoff weapons integration (Storm Shadow and Taurus).
In May, the fifth development air-craft (DA5) was used to test-fly the AESA antenna-equipped E-scan CAPTOR radar, built by the Euroradar consortium of EADS Defence Electronics, SELEX, Galileo Avionica and Indra. EADS offi-cials agree that one of the advantages of AESA technology is the user’s ability to exert several functions, such as radar tracking and EW, at once. This versatil-
ity is one reason why EADS officials see a huge potential in the implementation of AESA technology.
The RAF will stand QRA with Typhoon F2 aircraft in the Southern UK sector this summer. The RAF independently directed early CAS capability because of the withdrawal of the Jaguar fleet and, more importantly, the increasing likeli-hood of a Typhoon deployment to the Afghanistan theatre, currently served by Harriers. According to RAF plans, the first squadron will be ready to deploy to Kandahar in the summer of 2008.
Encountering commloss airliners and lost general aviation traffic over Europe during QRA duty does not put much strain on the DASS, but Afghanistan op-erations may test whether EW engineers have done their homework. The ESM sys-tem and the towed decoys will not be in high demand there, but the active Mis-sile Approach Warner (MAW) and laser warner may be tested when the aircraft flies in the MANPADS envelope.
While the Typhoon is gaining momen-tum in the countries that developed it, export orders still remain in jeopardy.
The UK Serious Fraud Office suspended in-vestigations into the Saudi deal (po-tentially up to 70 aircraft), but political pressure to renew the investigations has not ceased. This pressure could prompt the Saudis to carry out their threat to withdraw from the procurement.
In Austria, the first Typhoon pi-lots have finished training, a training simulator has been installed at Zeltweg airbase and the first aircraft have un-dergone flight tests. However, deliveries may not take place later this year, as planned. The current Austrian govern-ment, which won the election last year on an anti-Eurofighter ticket, seems to have found a way out of the contract amid allegations of wrongdoing by the chief AF officer during the selection process. Legal debates are ongoing, al-though the Eurofighter consortium is still confident that the 18-aircraft order cannot be cancelled.
GripenThe year 2006 was a significant one for
Gripen, as deliveries for the Hungarian air
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force (HuAF) began, and South Africa re-ceived its first aircraft for in-country test-ing. The Swedish air force participated in last year’s Red Flag-Alaska exercise, and it’s increasingly likely that the aircraft will soon deploy on operational missions under the European Union umbrella, assuming that it receives permission from the tradi-tionally careful Swedish government.
The HuAF aircraft were the first to be delivered to an operational unit with a working EWS 39 integrated EW suite, manufactured by Saab. The aircraft of the mixed Swedish contingent at the
Red Flag-Alaska event also carried the full system, while engaging double-dig-it threats and threat simulators on the range with success. Some aircraft of the Czech air force, which were delivered in 2005 without EWS 39, received the sys-tem last year.
While the European operators have a seemingly common configuration, pictures of South Africa’s single test aircraft reveal a different arrangement of wingtip units (WTU), which include quadrant RWR antennas. According to Kenneth Svensson, product manager
at Saab Microwave Systems, improved functions are currently being consid-ered for EWS 39, including integration of MAW, interferometric antenna arrays for improved direction finding and geo-location, improved jammer performance and dispensing capability.
Hungary could not resist BOL dis-pensers and signed a deal for them last summer. They will be installed in the Sidewinder/AMRAAM-capable Common Rail Launchers (CRL) of the Hungarian Gripens to supplement fu-selage-installed BOP/C dispensers, thus significantly increasing expendables capacity. According to Svensson, final BOL integration is ongoing on Austra-lian F/A-18 aircraft. BOL technology also is in the new BOA dispenser aimed for civilian aircraft (special purpose transport, VIP, etc.), as well as in a modified version of the BOZ pod.
Meanwhile, Saab recently committed itself to investing in an ambitious de-velopment program to upgrade the Grip-en airframe to fulfill both foreign and future Swedish requirements. In April, Norway, still undecided on whether to invest in the F-35, Typhoon or Gripen, announced its plan to aid this effort. A Swedish parliamentary decision is ex-pected by this summer. Informed sources say a two-seater production aircraft will be rebuilt as a development/technology demonstrator aircraft. While high-pro-file changes will take place on the air-frame and engine, it is highly likely that this platform also will be used to test new EW configurations. These configu-rations will utilize experience gained in recent years with the Not Only Radar (NORA) and Multifunctional Integrated Defensive Avionics System (MIDAS) de-velopment as part of the multi-sensor integration 39 (MSI39) effort.
For the past three years, Saab Microwave has been evaluating the NORA AESA radar’s potential to perform EW functions. The NORA can op-erate in either a con-ventional mono-pulse c on f i g u r a t i on or multi-c h a n n e l configu-
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ration. “We have had very good experience with very high reli-ability on all units,” said Svensson. “This has been particularly noticeable with the specially-developed AESA antenna by Ray-theon and the newly-developed multi-channel exciter/receiver unit based on compact receivers by Saab Microwave Systems.” The program also has been evaluating the multi-channel sys-tem for detection and suppression of multiple jammers. Tests have been performed in a compact antenna test range (CATR) using mobile radar jammers.
The MIDAS is a concept for new EW systems with simulta-neous ESM, ECM and communication capabilities. It was run as a demonstrator program, and mainly funded by Sweden’s Defence Material Administration (FMV) to demonstrate new capabilities and technology for next-generation EW systems in fighter aircraft. FMV flight tests were performed on MIDAS-equipped Sabreliners from 2002-2004, and the program con-cluded in 2005.
RafaleThe French government’s Rafale program reached an impor-
tant milestone this past March, when the aircraft underwent its “baptism of fire” over Afghanistan. Although Rafales saw this theatre in 2002, during the early stages of the coalition operations, the basic F1 standard Marine aircraft only per-formed combat air patrol missions and did not provide close air support (CAS) for ground forces. This time, the air force’s 1/7 squadron, based in Provence, deployed to Tajikistan with three F2 standard aircraft cleared to carry typical stores: GBU-12 and -22 laser guided bombs. Operating simultaneously on the Arabian Sea, the air wings of carrier Charles de Gaulle re-ceived three F2 Marine versions, complementing nine F1s al-ready deployed.
Besides modern RF detection and jamming modules, which employ interferometric AOA techniques with an accuracy of 1 degree and have phased array active antennas that provide compatible narrow beamwidth, the Spectra system from Thales and MBDA also comprises optronic and laser warners. The DAL (French for LWR) has three sensors that provide 360 azimuth and 90 degrees elevation coverage against laser range find-ers, designators and beam-riders. The DMM (French for missile launch warner) is a dual-color sensor mounted on the top of a
fin, providing 360 degree azimuth cov-erage. The DDM-NG (French for new gen-eration) is already in production for new F3 standard aircraft
and retrofits from 2008 to prevent parts of
the original DDM from becom-ing obsolete. The DDM-NG also will pro-vide new capabilities, like full-sphere detection and high angular resolu-tion, which are compliant with future
DIRCM installation.
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327678TMD Technologies
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Editorial ADAUVSI JED
1/2v
pg 42
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Here
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For more information, please call +1 703 845 9671 or visit www.auvsi.org
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327678_TMD.indd 1 5/1/07 12:01:08 PM
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330086Wallop Defence
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Marketed as an “omnirole fighter” by manufacturer Dassault Aviation, the Rafale is likely to fill an escort/support jammer role in the future. For this role, Thales has drawn up a new electronic at-tack concept centered on a pod-mounted standoff jammer with digital receivers, an active phased array transmitter and “multi-bit” DRFM techniques. The con-cept and involved technologies were first evaluated a few years ago in a Fal-con 20-based CARBONE demonstration program and, eventually, they may find their way into European UAVs.
Tigre and NH90As with fixed-wing programs, the
long-running European rotary-wing developments are finally coming to fruition, both operationally and commer-cially. The Tigre attack helicopter first entered service with the German and French armies. Its EW system is built in cooperation by Thales, EADS and MBDA. Called TWE (Threat Warning Equipment), it comprises of a direct wideband recep-tion RWR that works in the E-K band with instantaneous frequency measurement (Thales), and band I-II laser detectors mounted on the stub wing-tips (EADS). Saphir-M dispensers capable of holding two NATO-standard 32-cartridge pods (MBDA) provide IR countermeasures. On German aircraft, TWE is supplemented with AN/AAR-60 MILDS missile warners, and it is not unlikely that designers of the French equivalent, the ALAT, will look for a similar capability to make their aircraft more survivable in today’s environment.
The NH90, which shares a similar EW suite with Tigre, reached some im-portant milestones this past year. Last summer, Australia announced that it bought another 34 NH90s (locally called MRH90s) besides the 12 it signed for in 2005, and the first helicopter destined for Australia made its maiden flight in March of this year. Soon after, New Zealand announced its purchase of nine Tactical Transport Helicopter (TTH) ver-sions. At the end of 2006, the German army received its first TTHs as part of NATO’s biggest coordinated helicopter procurement program. The NATO Heli-copter Management Organization (NA-HEMO) oversees the acquisition of up to
310 NH90s for Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Portugal. In Janu-ary of this year, the Spanish government signed orders to buy 45 TTH versions, which will be assembled in-country at a new Eurocopter facility.
EWMSBecause of its success with the ALQ-
213 EW Management System (EWMS), Terma of Denmark deserves mention in this “Who’s Who” list. Following its introduction to the market in the mid-1990s, the ALQ-213 has simplified the
control and management of EW suites. It has formed an essential part of EW suites’ upgrade programs, as well as new procurements, from F-16 mid-life up-date programs to C-130Hs and J models, AS-532 helicopters and more. The com-pany also has introduced a number of upgrades to the system, including 3-D warning, new tactical threat displays and a recording capability.
ExpendablesMany European countries are sup-
porting the Global War on Terror (GWOT),
Wallop Defence Systems is the world's foremost producer of MTVInfra-Red Decoy Flares, Dual-Spectral Decoy Flares, RadarCountermeasure Chaff, Naval Decoy Systems and PyrotechnicSignalling Systems. Our UK facilities are on the leading edge ofdesign, development and manufacture of countermeasure productsfor military application.
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330086_Wallop.indd 1 5/7/07 9:52:34 AM
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especially through deployments to Af-ghanistan and Iraq. The nature of these operations has highlighted the risks that low-flying aircraft, especially he-licopters and wide-body transports, face from MANPADS. While some of these aircraft can rely on DIRCM systems to protect them, most depend on flares. Two UK flare manufacturers that have increased production to meet these needs are Chemring Countermeasures, owned by Chemring Group PLC, and Wal-lop Defence Systems, owned by Esterline Technologies Corporation in the US. In addition to manufacturing NATO-stan-dard Magnesium Teflon Viton (MTV) flares, these companies also manufac-ture more advanced dual-spectral flares. The demands of long-term operations mean that both companies have healthy order books.
Ground EWOn land, the French armed forces re-
cently began to field two important EW systems from Thales. “Station d’Appui Electronique de Contact” (SAEC) is a VAB-armored, vehicle-mounted tactical
SIGINT station with a self-deployable antenna system capable of “on-the-move” operations. The Force Protection Jammer (FPJ) is a communication jam-mer that works in the 20-50 MHz and 800-2500 MHz bands to cope with radio-controlled IEDs or communications net-works designed to set up an ambush – a common scenario facing troops in GWOT operations.
HorizonOn the seas, a few programs dem-
onstrate the naval EW capabilities of the European industry. The Sigen Con-sortia from Thales and Elettronica is the EW system for the Horizon frig-ate. The system, which developers call “groundbreaking,” is characterized by latest-generation architecture and the implementation of new digital and mi-crowave technologies. According to Thales, the radar ESM (RESM) compo-nent will feature very high sensitivity and accuracy direction finding, as well as broadband digital receivers. The radar jammer is based on phased array solid state technology and will feature high
specific transmitted power, fast reac-tion, multi-threat engagement capa-bilities and complete programmability of coherent and noncoherent jamming techniques, due to the implementation of multiple broadband DRFM units.
Thales officials say the company is focusing on active phased array tech-nologies for jammer applications for its naval EW and other programs. The EW system for the French ships is Sagem’s New Generation Dagaie System (NGDS) decoy launcher, which contains a pair of two-axis launchers with 12 IR, RF or acoustic decoys. Italian ships, on the other hand, will employ Oto Melara/Selex SCLAR-H decoy launchers for chaff and IR decoy rounds. According to Tha-les, trials are under way. Testing also includes the Falcon 20 aircraft-based ARPEGE NG EW testing system, which can simulate anti-ship missiles.
FREMMFREMM, the future French-Italian
frigate project, which builds on the ex-perience gained from Horizon, will po-tentially include up to 27 units. The first
Editorial ADUAV Payloads
1/2v
pg 44
44
Clearance: Secret, U.S. Only
Conference Chair: Dyke Weatherington, Deputy, Unmanned Aircraft Planning Task Force, OUSD (AT&L) Air Warfare
Keynote Address: The Honorable Claude M. Bolton,Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) (invited)
Don’t miss this one-day, OSD-led, SECRET/U.S-only UAS Payloads Conference! Expect in-depth insight into current UAS payload performance in support of Operations
UAS PAYLOADS CLASSIFIED CONFERENCEWhen: Friday, August 10Where: Washington, DC
Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, noted shortfalls and future National-level UAS payload requirements.
This conference is presented by AOC in cooperation with the AUVSI’s Unmanned Systems North America Symposium and Exhibition.
Visit www.crows.org for more information about the conference agenda and to register.
15payloads.indd 1 5/24/07 12:19:12 PM
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326080IAI ELTA Systems
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pg 45
deliveries are expected in France in 2011 and in Italy in 2012. Systems include Thales’ Artemis Infrared Search and Track (IRST) system, which is based on medium-wave staring focal plane arrays and uses multiple static sensor heads rather than mechanical scanning. As a multi-role sensor, it is capable of detect-ing incoming missiles as well. Like the Horizon, French ships will receive NGDS decoy launchers.
Type 45The Royal Navy’s equivalent of the
Horizon, the Type 45, also has Thales’ sensor equipment onboard. The com-pany was awarded a contract by main contractor BAE Systems to supply three Radar Electronic Support Measure (RESM) systems for the second batch of the Royal Navy’s Type 45 destroyers. The RESM is developed from Racal’s Outfit UAT, but with new signal processing and emitter identification technology. The vessels will have the Royal Navy’s Outfit DLH active naval offboard decoy system, which includes the Siren decoy, an ex-pendable radiating decoy against radar-guided missiles from BAE Systems. The destroyer also will be fitted with a Sha-man Communications-band Electronic Support Measures (CESM) system. The Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) open architecture Shaman systems are being developed by BAE Systems C4ISR Net-worked Systems & Solutions (NS&S).
Submarine EWAnother important naval EW devel-
opment is the Submarine Advanced Ra-dar ESM Technology (SMART) program for the Royal Navy, which the Navy will utilize on its Trafalgar, Vanguard and Astute class submarines. In April, the company also received a contract to upgrade RUBIS, the radar ESM used by the French navy’s nuclear attack subma-rines. Informed sources say the package includes technology from FREMM with “superior capability in detection and signal analysis,” and will serve until the next generation of submarines, called Barracudas, enters the service.
An EW Company by Any Other Name...After a decade of industry consoli-
dation, most of the company names
once associated with European EW have changed. GEC-Marconi, Racal, Dassault Electronique, Thomson-CSF, DASA and CelsiusTech are all gone. These “nation-al” EW manufacturers have been replaced with transnational companies that keep one eye on domestic programs, while le-veraging the corporate resources needed to reach an international market. Yet throughout this period of change, the technological progress of these compa-nies has remained constant. Like their US and Israeli counterparts, European
EW manufacturers are pursuing innova-tions such as digital RWRs, AESA jam-mers, laser-based DIRCM systems and new flare materials. While it is unclear how some programs, such as the Joint Strike Fighter, will impact the European EW market, the future of these compa-nies is much brighter than it was just a decade ago. a
Photos courtesy AgustaWestland, BAE Systems, Dassault Aviation, Eurocopter, Eurofighter GmbH, Gripen International, Northrop Grumman and Rheinmetall Landsysteme.
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i n t e r v i e wCOL LAURIE MOE BUCKHOUT,
US ARMY CHIEF, EW DIVISION, ASYMMETRIC WARFARE OFFICE DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF FOR OPERATIONS (G-3)
Recent operations in Iraq, particularly the difficult mission of countering insurgents’ successful use of deadly improvised explosive devices (IEDs), helped convince US Army leaders that they needed to reinvigorate electronic warfare across their service. The Army had allowed its EW capabilities to atrophy over the years. The other services, particularly the Navy, had to come to the Army’s rescue in early 2006 by deploying hundreds of qualified EW officers (EWOs) to Iraq and Afghanistan to help coordinate the electronic jamming of IED triggering devices by US ground forces using vehicle-mounted, counter radio-controlled IED EW (CREW) systems, which were interfering with friendly communications and command-and-control systems. May marked the first anniversary of the creation of a new EW Division under Colonel Laurie Buckhout within the Army Asymmetric Warfare Office. In creating the new organization a year earlier, Army Vice Chief of Staff Gen Richard Cody directed it to make EW an enduring Army core competency, and to include establishing EWO career paths and horizontally integrating the service’s EW capabilities. The new office also was tasked with defining an Army EW end-state vision and force structure, and replacing the joint-service EWOs overseas with trained Army EWOs by March 2008. COL Buckhout, a career Signal Corps officer who has commanded the 32nd Signal Battalion in Iraq and served on the Joint Staff, sat down with JED Senior Editor Glenn Goodman at the Pentagon on the day of her EW Division’s birthday.
What is your organization’s charter?Our EW Division is the Army’s
central focal point for coordinating and synchronizing all things involv-ing EW. Our job is to formulate EW policy, validate and prioritize EW requirements, allocate resources and integrate EW missions, functions and materiel solutions. The rest of our charter is to fulfill the vision of the chief of staff and the vice chief to make EW something every soldier – from initial-entry privates all the way up to senior officers – is familiar with. They all will eventually receive some level of EW training.
What were some of your EW Division’s accomplishments during its fi rst year?
One of the major things we’ve done is establish training for Army EWOs to perform ground EW missions. With the help of Army Training and Doctrine Command [TRADOC], we estab-lished training courses for Army EWOs. We currently have a three-week tactical course at Fort Huachuca, AZ, for EWOs at battalion level and below, and a six-week operational course at Fort Sill, OK, for EWOs at the brigade level and higher.
Leader training is significant and a big pillar we have to achieve. In order to really use the EWOs in the right way, lead-ers need to understand the value they bring to the organiza-tion and the fact that they have to be smart, highly motivated and trusted individuals. We are working on developing a func-tional area qualification course so that officers and warrant officers can get a more intense, more in-depth, longer period of EW training. TRADOC is working on establishing an MOS [military occupational specialty] for enlisted personnel. That takes time to develop all the job tasks and to do the analysis that goes into it. What we don’t want to do is build an MOS
that doesn’t offer upward mobility and career progression. It’s looking very promising for the final development of that MOS. We also expect to have a more in-depth training school for non-commissioned officers in place by the end of this year.
We also want to leverage more of the existing joint EW courses and EW-related competencies within the other services. One of our directives from the vice chief is to keep our EW efforts joint. The Army realizes that EW is not something it does on its own; like most missions today, we are closely tied to the joint services. So we want to capi-talize on their EW training and educa-tion, materiel and operations so we all
can work together in a seamless joint EW environment.
GEN Cody directed that you operationalize Army EW as a form of “fi res.” Why is this the right place to put it?
For decades, EW has largely been hidden from the opera-tional warfighting Army, whose soldiers are out there deliver-ing lethal effects on the enemy. They haven’t known much about EW because it has been hidden in security classifications where the primary warfighters can’t necessarily access it, so EW has been very mysterious to them. I believe what the vice chief wants to do is to demystify it and put EW in the hands of the combat warfighters – the commanders of brigade combat teams and divisions – so they can understand what effects EW can provide non-kinetically and sometimes non-lethally, and thus [EW] might be more effective and less risky than using kinetic weapons systems in some situations. That’s a big sea change for Army EW because we’ve run it largely as an intel-ligence-based operation for so long. EW will provide a new set of capabilities in the maneuver commander’s tool kit.
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i n t e r v i e w | COL Laurie Moe Buckhout
What is the role of the Army Proponent for EW in TRADOC’s Combined Arms Center [CAC] at Fort Leavenworth, KS?
That office builds the Army’s EW requirements and assesses them. It also is responsible for developing EW DOTMLPF [doc-trine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and educa-tion, personnel and facilities] solutions for ground EW. [It is] building our new EW force structure, including the EWO billets at different levels with personnel of different ranks, from bat-talion on up. [It is] doing the painstaking analysis and legwork required to do that.
We expect to have a validated force structure by March 2008. What we will not have at that point, given the time and training required, are people filling all those jobs in that MOS or that Functional Area or that warrant officer specialty, be-cause that takes time. Billets will be in place for those per-sonnel, and then we’ll go through the personnel qualification process to fill them.
The G-3, LT GEN [James] Lovelace, directed that every Army unit deploying to Iraq and Afghanistan since January of this year must have an Army-trained EWO at battalion level and higher. That directive applies to transportation, supply, com-munications and intelligence units as well, not just combat arms.
Do you have enough EWOs to do that?We’re taking them out of hide right now until we can finish
filling out the new EW force structure institutionally. Each commander selects someone from his unit to fill that duty, and that individual completes the three-week and/or the six-week course prior to deploying.
How many total new EWO billets does the Army plan to create?
That has not been determined or finalized as yet. Right now, I would say we will be adding several thousand EWO bil-lets. That’s the kind of force structure target we’re shooting for. We’re a modular Army, so we want to make sure that all the brigade combat teams are well-equipped with EWOs. But we don’t want to ignore the support units that also go in harm’s way in the overseas theater. Transportation units and commu-nications units, for example, spend a lot of time on the road in convoys. We’re going to provide one or more EWOs to every type of Army unit, including aviation, that deploys to the the-ater. The challenge is to ensure that we can have a sustainable career progression for those who enter this exciting new EW career field, while having enough EWOs to support the deploy-ing organizations. TRADOC is working on those issues.
The Army’s EW systems have been scattered across its military intelligence, aviation, signal and fi eld artillery units. Is this changing?
Some of the areas of Army EW are still physically sep-arated, but they are becoming well-integrated now. At a strategic level, the CAC is really our EW integrator in the DOTMLPF environment. I am the EW integrator at the De-
partment of the Army and joint-services level. On the bat-tlefield, however, military intelligence still plays a very large role in EW in terms of performing electronic recon-naissance and surveillance to find targets, and has power-ful capabilities that we’re going to leverage. The integrator for all those capabilities on the battlefield is really going to be the fire support coordinator, who understands the targeting process and the integration of fires, as well as their effects. Two Navy Captain EWOs in Iraq integrated themselves into an EW Coordination Center [EWCC] under the Fire Support Coordination Center within the Multi-Na-tional Force-Iraq, forging a concept of operations for how we plan to operate with our EWOs. We’re considering creat-ing a fires cell for nonlethal effects in our brigade combat teams. So we are bringing different EW elements together, not necessarily physically by bringing them together to one location to train, but organizationally by integrating their effects to achieve a much better synergy of effort.
One of your offi ce’s mandates is to integrate materiel development and management for all EW systems. People in the EW community say this will be your toughest challenge. What’s your view?
That’s going to take some time. The good news is that the senior Army leadership understands the need for that inte-gration and supports me and our EW community in making it happen, which is the first step. It’s very hard to bring re-sources to bear on a problem when you don’t know the scope of the problem; that’s what we’re in the process of defining right now. Where is everything in the Army? We don’t have many robust EW programs in the Army, but we do have some. We need to look at our programs holistically and do a capabilities gap analysis, so I can apply resources where they are needed. In what areas are we missing capabilities, and where should we have more that we don’t?
It’s not going to be easy to do, but we need to have a holis-tic acquisition strategy that addresses Army EW at large. We need to move beyond stovepiped systems. We need to have an integrated, networked set of capabilities that will be interop-erable and compatible with our Future Combat Systems com-munications and battle command systems. In 10-15 years, my successors shouldn’t be dealing with small acquisition battles – whether to buy this or that. Our systems should be linked as part of an overall strategy because they are all spectrum us-ers and they all help the warfighter to achieve effects on the enemy. That’s what we need to work toward.
We need not only to integrate Army ground and aviation EW acquisition programs, but also to bring other promising pro-grams, such as those for directed-energy systems, under our EW umbrella. Right now, they exist in pockets in the Army, and the leaders of those small development programs are coming to me and asking to be under our umbrella because they under-stand the synergy that’s behind it and believe their systems can offer us some powerful capabilities if given the greater visibility and resourcing we can provide. a
330366ERA Corp
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330366_ERA.indd 1 5/9/07 10:23:05 AM
Following our March 2007 survey on anten-nas, this month’s survey continues the pro-gression by covering radar warning receivers (RWRs), electronic support measures (ESM) systems and electronic intelligence (ELINT) receivers.
Many technology advances have occurred since JED conducted a survey on RWR, ESM and ELINT receivers back in 1995. The availability of higher sampling speed analog-to-digital (A/D) converters has made the concept of digital receivers a reality. Today we see RWR, ESM and ELINT receivers configured with digital technology. This has enabled manufacturers to design systems that of-fer reduced weight and power, better measurement ac-curacy and lower system and life-cycle cost. In fact, these performance improvements, driven by the desire for real-time situational awareness, have broken down many of the distinctions that once separated RWR and ESM systems.
The generation of RWR receivers listed in the 1995 sur-vey tended to have fewer RF paths to meet weight, power and cost requirements and therefore tended to provide only coarse amplitude-based DF and range information to the pilot. In addition, that generation of RWRs was essentially designed to detect the lethal radar emissions that were closely related to imminent missile launch. And the problem was simplified, because most of these lethal signals were persistent and easy to detect. Today, in order to provide more accurate situation awareness to the pilot, better DF or precision DF (PDF) and range information is required, while also desiring detection of not only the lethal signals but the early warning and ac-quisition radar signals so the pilot can make engage and avoid decisions well beyond the range at which the radar system can detect the ingressing platform. The desire for PDF and range drives the RWR toward multiple channels, so a differential phase technique can be used to obtain precision DF and range measurements. In addition, the expanded threat list drives the RWR to more frequency coverage and faster scanning techniques in order to pro-vide an unambiguous identification with less data. With the introduction of the digital receiver into the RWR, these additional functions can be added into the same footprint with little change in weight, power or cost.
The ELINT receiver tends to cover a larger total fre-
quency range than the typical RWR, and they serve a slightly different purpose. The ELINT receiver usually has an operator who can aid in the selection and analy-sis of the signals observed in the environment. The op-erator can be cued to a certain signal by other external information or he can chose to observe signals he has detected in the RF environment. The ELINT receiver does not have the same real time identification and intent determination requirement of an RWR, so it can dwell on a signal for a longer period of time, and it can collect a larger quantity of information on a signal for operator or post mission analysis. RWR designers can analyze this collected data to gain insight in support of better iden-tification techniques.
Referring again to that 1995 JED survey, it listed some new technologies that appeared promising but saw a short life, as digital receivers became available and provided similar capabilities at lower cost. Technologies, such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) channelizers and acoustic-optical (AO) channelizers, showed much po-tential at the time. But they were quickly abandoned as digital technology became faster, denser and more economical. Today we can purchase multi-channel, VME-form-factor, digital receiver modules with 500 MHz in-stantaneous bandwidth and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) farm that can be programmed by the user to perform the desired detection function. With the an-ticipated availability of 1-GHz instantaneous bandwidth cards, all that is needed to create a digital receiver is an RF tuner, along with some control and signal processing software.
RWR/ESM/ELINT SamplingThe RWR/ESM/ELINT survey was sent to 45 compa-
nies. The responses had to address RWR/ESM/ELINT receivers that make up a stand-alone systems and sub-systems. Only information supplied by the survey re-spondents was used in this compilation.
Next Month’s SurveyOur next survey will cover communications electronic
support (comms ES) receivers, communications intelli-gence (COMINT) receivers and communications direc-tion-finding (DF) systems. E-mail [email protected] to request a survey. a
TECHNOLOGY SURVEYSAMPLING OF RWR/ESM/ELINT RECEIVERS
By Ollie Holt
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Detailed survey tables begin on page 50
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MODEL TYPE FREQ INST SENSE TDR INSTDR
Applied Signal Technology, Inc., Allen, TX; (214) 547-4700; www.appsig.com
Pegasus wideband CHNLZ / DIG 500 MHz to 40 GHz 500 MHz -76 dBm to -92 dBm 73dB 60dB
Argon ST, Fairfax, VA; (703) 259-7357; www.argonst.com
NBS-2500 ELINT System Up to 4 nband 2-18 GHz wband: 500 MHz wband: -84 dBmi 60 dB to * or wband receivers. (extnd 0.5-2 GHz 250 KHz - 80 MHz 80 dB narrowband: & 18-40 GHz) WBR-2000 ESM System IFM 2-18 GHz * -65 dBm 60 dB * (extnd 0.5-2 GHz & 18-40 GHz)
EADS Deutschland GmbH, Ulm, Germany; +49 (731) 392-0; www.eads.com
Airborne Surveillance SHet / CHNLZ / 0.5-40/42 GHz up to 16 GHz -80 dBm 90 dB up to 60 dB Intelligence System (ASIS) DIFM / DIG (Rx dep) (config dep)
EDO Reconnaissance and Surveillance Systems, Morgan Hill, CA; (408) 201-8000; www.edorss.com
ES 3701 Tactical Radar Phase DF / AutoHet 2-18 GHz * -65 dBm 60 dB 60 dB ESM and Surveillance System
AN/SLD 4 (V) 1 Tactical 14-bit, 2-18 GHz DIFM 2-18 GHz 50 MHz -65 dBmi 60 dB 60 dB Radar ESM and Surveillance System
Elbit Systems, Haifa, Israel; 972 4 8315315; www.elbit.co.il
Timnex II IFM / DFD 2-18 GHz * * * *
Elettronica S.p.A., Rome, Italy; +39 06 41541; www.elt-roma.com
ALR_733 family IFM C to J wide open high * high SEAL family IFM / SHet / DIG C to J wide open & very high * very high selectable SHet BW ELT/160 family IFM E to J & K wide open medium * medium ELT/740 family IFM / SHet C to J wide open & high * high 2 selectable BWELT 888 family multiband SHet / DIG B to J many selectable very high * very high SHet BW
Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd., Bene Beraq, Israel; +972 3 6175522; www.elisra.com
AES-210 IFM .5-18 GHz * * * * NS-9003A-V2 IFM / DIG * * * * * SPS-65V-5 DIG * * * * * SPS-1000V-5 IFM .5-20 GHz * * * *
Era Corporation, Alexandria, VA; +1 (703) 914-1430 / +1 421 461 004 150; www.erabeyondradar.com
VERA-RL SHet / CHNLZ / IFM / DIG 1-18 GHz 250/20 MHz -81/85 dBm 80 dB 60 dB
VERA-UHF/SIF SHet / CHNLZ / IFM / DIG 380-1000 MHz 16/4 MHz -86/88 dBm 80 dB 60 dB and 1090 MHz and 28 MHz and -86 dBm
M/A-COM SIGINT Products, Hunt Valley, MD; (410) 329-7914; www.macom.com/sigint
SMR-3822 Wideband SHet sweeping 0.5-20 GHz 500 MHz -102 dBm, >90 dB * Microwave Receiver extnd to 40 GHz
SMR-5550i Low Cost SHet set-on 0.5-20 GHz 100 MHz -80 dBm 60 dB * Microwave Receiver extnd to 40 GHz
SMR-5800 Extended SHet set-on 0.5-40 GHz 100 MHz 0.5-18 GHz, -97 dBm 60 dB * Tuning Range 18-26.5 GHz, -95 dBmMicrowave Receiver 26.5-40 GHz, -94 dBm
TU-3840 Wideband SHet sweeping or set-on 0.5-20 GHz 500 MHz -101 dBm ≥90 dB * Microwave Tuner extnd to 40 GHz
TU-6401 Microwave SHet 0.5-18 GHz 500 MHz -99 dBm >90 dB * VME Tuner extnd to 40 GHz
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DF CHNL PWR SIZE PLATFORM WEIGHT
Various config: AZ/EL Mono-Pulse scalable 6 to 24 90W (config dep) config dep air/grd/shp/sub 60-160lbsPhase Interferometers to Phase/ (config dep)Amplitude all TDOA capable
System as defined with a spinning * * Processor chassis grd/shp *antenna. Can use amplitude, phase can be mounted inand interferometer antennas. standard 19-inch rack enclosure.
Amplitude, phase and interferometer * * 10.5 x 17 x 22 grd/shp/sub 75lbs
Amplitude, phase and time up to 4 150W per channel Arinc 600 stnd air/grd/shp/sub config dep
2 degree DF accuracy, circular 2 600W (system) Equipment rack grd-fix/shp/sub rec: 39 kginterferometer, measures bearing (fits rec, sig proc server sig proc: 25 kgangle, frequency, PRI, pulse width, & UPS): 43 x 22 x 32amplitude, time of arrival, scan rate/period, scan type & illumination time.
DF accuracy is 3 to 5 degrees; 2 280W (system) sig proc: shp sig proc: 40 kgamplitude monopulse system 12.2 x 19 x 20
yes 8 * * shp *
Amplitude monopulse (4 to 8 antennas) * * 2 ATR air 46-71kgAmplitude monopulse (4 to 8 antennas) * * n/a shp *& TDOAAmplitude monopulse (4 antennas) * * 1 ATR air 15-20kgAmplitude monopulse (4 antennas) * * 2 ATR air 55kg
Steerable, monopulse & TDOA * * n/a grd/shp *
IFM * * * air/shp ** * * * shp *yes * * * air ** * * * air *
TDOA 5 50W 168 x 87 x 89 grd/shp 15kg
TDOA 2 8W 168 x 87 x 89 grd/shp 8kg
Amplitude only 1 (exp) 185W 3.5 x 8.5 x 22.5 air/grd/shp/sub 27lbs
Amplitude only 1 (exp) 100W 1.75 x 17 x 20.16 air/grd/shp/sub 20 lbs
Amplitude only 1 (exp) 100W 1.75 x 17 x 23d air/grd/shp/sub 21lbs
Amplitude only 1 (exp) 160W 3.5 x 8.5 x 19 air/grd/shp/sub 24 lbs
Amplitude only 1 (exp) 65W VME 2 wide 6U h air/grd/shp/sub <7 lbs
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MODEL TYPE FREQ INST SENSE TDR INSTDR
MRCM GmbH, Ulm, Germany; (+34) 91 480 70 46; http://www.mrcm.net/
MRGR-ELINT-FD SHet / DIG 0.5 to 18 GHz 500 MHz -85 dBm / 55 plus 55 dB pulses: 40 dB att. -80 dBm, -65 dBm MRGR-800-STDMB218 DIG 2 to 18 GHz 16 GHz -65 dBm 60 dB 60 dB
RAFAEL Ltd., Haifa, Israel; 972 4 8793858; www.rafael.co.il
C-PEARL-DV DIG .5-40 GHz .5-40 GHz -65 dBm 80 dB 60 dB
Raytheon, Goleta, CA; (805) 879-2041; www.raytheon.com/ew
ALR-67(V)3 SHet / CHNLZ * 1.3 GHz * * * Countermeasures Receiving Set ALR-69A(V) DIG CHNLZ C/J * Threat detection * * beyond lethal range
Rockwell Collins, Richardson, TX; (443) 489-9255; www.rockwellcollins.com/ewsigint
CS-6040 Microwave SHet / DIG 0.1-20 GHz 500 MHz @ 1 GHz IF / Better than 125 dB 65 dB Receiver 100MHz @ 160 MHz IF -90 dBm using built in typical step attenuatorCS-5998 Ultra- SHet 0.5-18 GHz 2 GHz @ 3 GHz IF / Better than > 110 dB > 50 dB Broadband Tuner 500 MHz @ 1GHz IF / - 90 dBm (band dep) 100 MHz @ 160 MHz IF typical
CS-6070 IFM Receiver IFM 2-18 GHz 2-18 GHz Better than 65 dB 65 dB - 90 dBm typicalWideband Digital Receiver DIG 1 GHz 500 MHz Better than 70 dB 55 dB min - 90 dBm typicalCS-5111/RC-5800 SHet 0.4-18 GHz 500 MHz @ 1GHz IF / Better than 80 dB 80 dB VME Microwave Tuners 85 MHz @ 160 MHz IF - 90 dBm typical
Saab Avitronics, Järfälla, Sweden; +46 8 580 840 00; www.saabgroup.com
BOW – Radar SHet / IFM 0.7-2, 2-18, 2-18 GHz IFM / -68 dBmi SHet / 70 dB 55 dB Warning System 18-40 GHz 100 MHzm SHet -52 dBmi IFM
HES21 SHet / IFM / DIG 0.7-2, 2-18, 18-40 100 MHz SHet, 2-18 -68 dBmi, 70 dB 55 dB GHz (SHet and IFM), GHz IFM / 500 MHz SHet and IFM / 2-18 GHz digital in 25 channels, digital -75 dBmi digital
Saab Avitronics, Centurion, South Africa; +27 12 672 6000; www.saabgroup.com
ESP – Electronic SHet 0.5-18 GHz 100 MHz / 1 GHz -60dBmi 75 dB 60 dB Surveillance PayloadIDAS – Integrated IFM 0.7-40 GHz 4 GHz -54 dBmi 55 dB 40 dB Defensive Aids Suite
Telemus, Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ++1 (613) 592-2288; www.telemus.com
EAGLE/ALR-508/OLR-14 wband SHet / DIG 0.5 to 18.25 GHz stnd / Pre-D IBW: 3, Better than 100 dB Log: Better 70 MHz to 40 GHz extnd 10, 25, 50, 100, -75 dBm than 70 dB / 500, 1000 MHz + Lin: Better custom IBW than 50 dB S-EAGLE/ULQ-508 wband SHet / DIG 0.5 to 18.25 GHz stnd / Pre-D IBW: 3, Better than 100 dB Log: Better 70 MHz to 40 GHz extnd 10, 25, 50, 100, -90 dBm than 70 dB / 500, 1000 MHz Lin: Better + custom IBW than 50 dB TN-100 Series ES/ELINT wband SHet 0.375 to 20.00 GHz stnd / Pre-D IBW: 3, Better than Better than 70 dB Receiver/Tuners 70 MHz to 40 GHz extnd 10, 25, 50, 100, -75 dBm 70 dB 500, 1000 MHz + custom IBW
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DF CHNL PWR SIZE PLATFORM WEIGHT
Amplitude only 2 2300W SHet rec: 238 x shp rec: 36kg / 550 x 290 (mm) / proc: 120kg sens proc: 962 x 628 x 800 (mm)Time 7 (1 omni 2000W ESM module: 250 x shp ESM Module: 42kg / + 6 goniometric) 387 x 632 (mm) / Console: 200kg Console: 1600 x 628 x 1100(mm)
Phase (circular interferometer, opt multiple * One LRU cPCI format air/shp *linear phase) and time (DTOA option), mono-pulse phase interferometer
Amplitude (growth to phase/time 4 270W dig rec: 3.7 x 11.3 x air 79 lbsDF planned) 13 / proc: 7.6 x 4.8 x 13.5 / quad rec 6.2 x 1.7 x 7Amplitude phase and time 4 100W 4 radar rec: 1.72 air 42 lbs x 6.7 x 7.5 / 1 sig proc: 5 x 7.63 x 14.6
Amplitude, time 1 285W max 3.5 x 8.5 x 21.5 air/grd/shp/sub 25 lbs max
Amplitude 1 110W nominal 3.5 x 8.5 x 21 air/grd/shp/sub 18 lbs (8.2 kg)
no 1 30W 2 slot 6U VME air/grd/shp/sub 1.5kg
Amplitude only, phase, time 1 100W Single slot 6U VME air/grd/shp/sub 5lbs
Amplitude only, phase, time 1 120W 2 slot 6U VME air/grd/shp/sub 6.7lbs
Amplitude only 4 600 VA, * air * whole system
Amplitude only, SHet and 4 700 VA, 300W * air *IFM / Phase, digital for whole system
Phase 1 140W 13.5 x 7.6 x 3.4 air 16kg
Amplitude only 4 205W 13.5 x 7.6 x 5.0 air *
Spinning DF/Monopulse/ 1-8 (config dep) <1.0 kW for rec rec sys: 10.5 (6U) x air/grd/shp <110kgScanning Amplitude sys / <0.5 kW for 19 x 24 / ELINT server: ELINT server 1.75 (1U) x 19 x 24 or 3.5 (2U) x 19 x 24 Spinning DF/Monopulse/ 1-8 (config dep) <1.0 kW for rec rec sys: 10.5 (6U) x air/grd/shp <100kgScanning Amplitude sys / <0.5 kW for 19 x 24 / ELINT server: entire sys ELINT server 1.75 (1U) x 19 x 24 or 3.5 (2U) x 19 x 24n/a 1-4 (config dep) <1.0 kW for rec rec sys 1U (1.75”) h air/grd/shp <15kg sys / <0.5 kW or 2U (3.5”) h x 19 for ELINT server x 20-22”
MODEL TYPE FREQ INST SENSE TDR INSTDR
THALES, Elancourt, France; +33 (0)1 34 81 75 93; www.thalesgroup.com
CATS (Compact Airborne IFM / SHet + DIG / E-J band / * -50 dBmi / 50 dB / 50 dB / Threat Surveyor) Opt: Intrapulse / CHNLZ Opt: K, D, CD -80 dBmi 80 dB 80 dB (w/ dig rec) (w/ dig rec) (w dig rec) PETREL SHet / DIG C-J band various config -80 dBm 70 dB 60 dB RESM / FREMM SHet / IFM / DIG C to J * 65 to -80 dBmi * 60 dB VIGILE SHet / IFM / DIG C to J * -65 dBmi to * 60 dB -75 dBmi
Wide Band Systems, Rockaway, NJ; +(973) 586-6500; www.widebandsystems.com
DFD #1 DFD #1 500-2000 MHz 2048 MHz -60 dBm * 70 dB (inst) DFD #2 DFD #2 2000-18000 MHz 16384 MHz -60 dBm * 70 dB (inst) IFM #1 IFM 50-500 MHz 512 MHz -60 dBm * 70 dB (inst) IFM #2 IFM 2000-18000 MHz 16384 MHz -58 dBm * 70 dB (inst) Superhet SHet 500-18000 MHz selectable * * *
MODELName of product, product family or model number
TYPEType of antenna:• Superhet = SHet• channelizer = CHNLZ• IFM = IFM• digital = DIG• other
FREQOperating frequency:kHz, MHz or GHz
INSTInstantaneous Bandwidth, if different from the Operating Frequency range.
SENSETypical Installed Sensitivity
TDRTotal Dynamic Range
INSTDRInstantaneous Dynamic Range
DFDoes it support DF (direction finding) and what technology?• amplitude only• phase• time• TDOA (time difference of arrival)• other
CHNLNumber of receiver channels (RF paths) to create a complete system
PWRPower dissipated in Watts per channel
SIZEAntenna size in inches indicated by height x width x length, or diameter:• h = height• w = width• l = diameter• m = meters• d = diameter
PLATFORM• air = airborne• grd = ground, mobile and ground, fixed
• grd-fix = ground, fixed• grd-mob = ground, mobile• shp = shipboard• sub = submarine• subs = subsurface• sp = space
WEIGHTWeight in oz/lb or kg
OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED• config dep = configuration dependent• extnd = extends• nband = narrowband• wband = wideband• rec = receiver• proc = processor• dig rec = digital receiver• sig proc = signal processor• sens proc = sensor processor• stnd = standard• opt = option• TDOA/DTOA = time or direction of arrival
* indicates answer is classified, not releasable or no answer was given.
SURVEY KEY – RWR/ESM/ELINT RECEIVERS
TECHNOLOGY SURVEY54
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DF CHNL PWR SIZE PLATFORM WEIGHT
Amplitude only / Opt: Phase / multiple 144W Receiver Controller air 10kg Time / Geolocation (basic config) Unit (RCU): 194 x 157 (basic config) x 318 mm / Radar Sensor Unit (RSU): 100 x 100 mmPhase, time 2 (addtl opt) 600W (2 ch) 550 x 780 x 600 mm air/shp 50kgAmplitude and Phase * * * shp 250kgcomparison DFAmplitude and Phase * * compact air/grd/shp/sub 60kg (air) to 150kg (shp)comparison DF
n/a n/a 27.5W max ~7.4 x 6 x 1.25 * 5 lbs maxn/a n/a 27.5W max ~10 x 6 x 2 * 8 lbs maxAmplitude only 1 omni, up to 35W max (no DF) / 10.4 x 6.6 x 4 (no DF) / * 12 lbs max (no DF) / 5 DF channels 75W max (w/ DF) 12 x 7 x 8 (w/ DF) / 30 lbs max (w/ DF) 3U chassis optAmplitude only 1 omni, up to 35W max (no DF) / 10.4 x 6.6 x 4 (no DF) / * 12 lbs max (no DF) / 5 DF channels 90W max (w/ DF) 12 x 7 x 8 (w/ DF) / 30 lbs max (w/ DF) 3U chassis opt* * 150W max 19 x 20 x 5.5 * 40 lbs max (3U chassis)
August 2007 Product Survey: Expendables and DecoysThis survey will cover expendables, flares, decoys and their dispensers. Please e-mail [email protected] to request a survey.
OTHER COMPANIESThis reference list includes websites for additional companies in the field that were unable to provide survey information due to security constraints or publication deadlines, or that declined to participate.
Company Name WebsiteAeronix ........................................................................................................................ www.aeronix.comAltera ........................................................................................................................... www.altera.comAR Worldwide ............................................................................................................... www.arww.comAvalon Systems ............................................................................................................. www.avalon.com.auBAE Systems ................................................................................................................. www.na.baesystems.comBharat Electronics ......................................................................................................... www.bel-india.comCoherent Systems .......................................................................................................... www.coherentsys-newtown.comDRS .............................................................................................................................. www.drs.comIAI Elta ........................................................................................................................ www.iai.co.ilEonic ............................................................................................................................ www.eonic.comGeneral Dynamics AIS ................................................................................................... www.gd-ais.comITT Electronic Systems .................................................................................................. http://es.itt.comLockheed Martin Systems Integration ............................................................................ www.lockheedmartin.com/siMid-Atlanta RF Systems ................................................................................................. www.midatlanticrf.comMikes ........................................................................................................................... n/aNorthrop Grumman Electronic Systems ........................................................................... www.es.northtropgrumman.comSelex SAS ..................................................................................................................... www.selex-sas.comSierra Nevada ................................................................................................................ www.sncorp.comSyracuse Research Corp ................................................................................................. www.syrres.comTadiran Electronic Systems ............................................................................................ www.tadsys.com
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n e wproducts
AES-256 DATA ENCRYPTION RECORDING SYSTEMThe AES-256 Data Encryption Recording System adds to the
VMETRO series of data recording and playback systems. Based on VMETRO’s Vortex Open Data Recording platform, the AES-
256 is designed for ELINT and general EW appli-cations. AES-256 encryption allows for data to be en-crypted during
storage, thereby protecting classified data against unauthor-ized use. The recording system collects data over an I/O PMC, then can either encrypt and record it to JBOD or RAID storage devices, transmit it to a workstation, or play it from storage to a workstation with AES-256 decryption. Other features in-clude a Web browser, providing a single interface for multiple actions, and software available in source code. VMETRO, Inc. Houston, TX, www.vmetro.com.
D5000 SERIES WITH MODULAR SIGNAL INTERFACING
The single-box D5000 Series data system includes inter-changeable cartridges and multiple interfaces. It is designed for sensor data acquisition in both airborne and mobile envi-ronments. The recording/reproducing system has a 256 Mbit/s total data rate, and offers three media storage options, tape, disk and solid state drive. It has three high-speed interfaces, a standard SCSI, a FireWire and a Gigabit Ethernet, which download and distribute collected data. The D5000 main-frame includes three signal module slots, and displays up to 75 channels at once for SIGINT/EW operations. Other features include automatic self-monitoring software, a 10 MHz refer-ence clock, an IRIG time code reader/generator and a remote control. Zodiac Data Systems, Inc., Belmar, NJ, www.zds-us.com.
WIDEBAND FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZERWide Band Systems
has introduced a wide-band frequency synthe-sizer that is aimed at the SIGINT/EW market. It operates from 2.0-18 GHz, with a 3-micro-second tuning time, and has a volume of 334.3 cc. The synthesizer re-quires 18 Watts of DC
power and produces a clean, accurate RF output spectrum. Its high accuracy and fast acquisition time, made even faster by its switching speeds, allow for efficient receiver tuner collec-tion of emitter signals. The unit is also useful as a local oscilla-tor (LO) in SIGINT missions. Wide Band Systems, Inc., Rockaway, NJ, www.widebandsystems.com.
DR8100 PORTABLE DATA RECORDERThe DR8100 from Rising Edge Technologies is a dual drive,
portable recorder. It is designed with analog and digital I/O re-cording and playback systems, and can record up to 100 MB/s. Its high-speed recording technology and compact size allow for use in SIGINT/EW applications. The recorder features a remov-able, 600 GB disk pack, a GUI browser and an internal clock that dictates the rate at which signal files play back to users. Rising Edge Technologies, Herndon, VA, www.risingedge.com.
GALLIUM NITRIDE POWER AMPLIFIER Aethercomm has introduced a broadband, Gallium Nitride
power amplifier that operates from 0.5-3.0 GHz. It offers high power over a multi-oc-tave bandwidth, and is designed for broadband jamming and commu-nication systems in military environments. The amplifier has a base plate temperature of 85C and a 10.0 dB typical noise figure, with 35 dB of RF gain and a minimum of 50 Watts of RF output power. It is housed in a 7.0” x 9.0” x 1.5” package with SMA connectors, and other connectors can be added for airborne operations. Aethercomm, San Marcos, CA, www.aethercomm.com.
ECHOTECK ECV4-2The ECV4-2 is the latest in the Echotek series of mixed-sig-
nal modules. Powered by a Virtex™-4 based wideband digital receiver in a PMC/XMC form factor, it detects analog signals and digitizes and converts them, maintaining their original quality as required in radar, SIGINT and ELINT communica-tions. In the ECV4-2 family, there are more than a dozen vari-ants; each is equipped with I/O connectivity and specific A/D or D/A converters. ECV4-2 also includes an input clock capa-bility up to 1.5 GHz, and modules available in air-cooled or conduction-cooled versions. Mercury Computer Systems, Inc., Chelmsford, MA, www.mc.com.
SIGNAL ANALYSIS TOOL/GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (SAT/GUI)
Rockwell Collins has introduced the Signal Analysis Tool/Graphical User Interface (SAT/GUI), a modern, flexible inter-face specifically designed for ELINT operations. The interface is intended for easier navigation, as it allows its users to re-position and resize database windows, and save and quickly restore window arrangements. The SAT/GUI supports both manual and automatic operation modes. With the interface, users can manually conduct data identification or statistical analysis, and it automatically provides situational awareness through data collection. Rockwell Collins, Cedar Rapids, IA, www.rockwellcollins.com.
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We Crows are familiar with the EC-130H Compass Call and its impressive ability to jam enemy com-mand and control systems, and we know EC-130s have participated in every significant combat operation US forces have been involved in for nearly two decades. Now, thanks to a book by former Compass Call “crew dog” Robert Stanek, readers can ride along with Stanek and his Grey Lady Compass Call crew during 32 combat missions from January to March 1991, during Opera-tion Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm.
Based on the author’s daily diary, Stormjammers: The Extraordinary Story of Electronic Warfare Operations in the Gulf War, published in 2006, allows the reader to experience the hours of boredom punctuated with moments
of terror that are typical of combat flying. Although the many of the stories are somewhat repetitive, this is what Compass Call life is like, and the book quickly becomes hard to put down. Even though the reader can anticipate what a mission will be like, the tedium gives over to an adrenalin rush of anticipation when things begin to happen. It is impossible not to share the relief and pride of the individual crew mem-bers when the attack missions they protect exit Iraq safely because the Iraqi air defenses command and control nets were completely defeated by Compass Call’s powerful, targeted jamming.
Stanek, whose Gulf experiences are given credit for launching his successful career as an international writer, bookends his story by relat-ing a gut-wrenching experience many of us can relate to, telling one’s wife that you are off to war. He shares arriving in Turkey to temporary quarters (old military classrooms) that “quickly began to smell like an old sweat sock,” getting to the showers before the hot water runs out, as well as the joy of finding out that the commissary got a shipment of real steaks and trying to coordinate a mission to get there while they last.
Another side of the book lets the reader ride along when Stanek’s EC-130H has two engines quit in the war zone, and just when bailing out seems a certainty milking the hobbled airplane back to base only to have to argue with the tower over who has the worse emergency, Grey Lady or the aircraft critically low on fuel just ahead of it. There are also the mis-sions when AWACS, the key to Compass Call’s protection, had to bug out because of maintenance problems, and the entire crew gives a thumbs-up to stay on station and continue their protective mission even though the risk is much, much higher. Stanek also talks about what it is like to listen in, from his unique radio-monitoring position, and hear the final screams of the enemy as they are attacked by missions made possible by the Compass Call. – Kernan Chaisson
Stormjammers, by Robert Stanek, is an RP Books Regent Press book published by Virtual Press, Inc., in 2006. ISBN 1-57545-083-6.
b o o krev iew
STORMJAMMERS: The Extraordinary Story of Electronic Warfare Operations in the Gulf War
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Hittite Microwave CorporationCorporate Headquarters Ph 978-250-3343 [email protected]
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328681_Hittite.indd 1 5/9/07 10:36:42 AM
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E W 1 0 1
Electronic Warfare (EW) is the art and science of deny-ing an enemy the benefits of the electromagnetic spec-trum while preserving those benefits for friendly forces.
This, of course, means the whole spec-trum. In this series, we will be focusing on part of the spectrum most commonly used for tactical communications. We take tactical communication to be more than military point-to-point radio com-munication; it also includes command and data links between base stations and remote military assets, broadcast transmissions to multiple receivers and remote detonation of weapons.
We will start with a brief review of radio propagation in VHF, UHF and low microwave bands. Then, we will cover some principles and examples of elec-tronic support (ES), electronic attack (EA) and electronic protection (EP) in those bands.
One Way LinkThe most dramatic difference be-
tween EW against radars and EW against communications is that radars typically use two-way links – that is the trans-
Communications Electronic WarfarePart 1By Dave Adamy
mitter and receiver are generally (but not always) in the same location, with transmitted signals reflecting from tar-gets. In communications systems, the transmitter and receiver are in different locations. The purpose of communica-tion systems of all types is to take in-formation from one location to another. Thus, communication uses the “one-way” communications link as shown in Figure 1.
The one-way link includes a trans-mitter, a receiver, transmit and receive antennas, and everything that happens to the signal between those two anten-nas. Figure 2 is a diagram that repre-sents the one-way link equation. The abscissa of this diagram is not to scale; it merely shows what happens to the level of a signal as it passes through the link. The ordinate is the signal strength (in dBm) at each point in the link. The transmitted power is the input to the transmit antenna. The antenna gain is shown as positive, although in practice any antenna can have positive or nega-tive gain (in dB). It is important to add that the gain shown here is the antenna gain in the direction of the receiving antenna. The output of the transmit
XMTR
RCVR
INPUTINFO
OUTPUTINFO
antenna is called the effective radiated power (ERP) in dBm. Note that the use of dBm units is not really correct; in fact the signal at this point is a power den-sity, properly stated in μv/m. However, if we were to place a theoretical ideal isotropic antenna next to the transmit antenna (ignoring the near field issue) the output of that antenna would be the signal strength in dBm. Using the artifice of this assumed ideal antenna allows us to talk about signal strength through its whole link in dBm without converting units, and is thus commonly accepted practice. The EW 101 in the January 2007 JED has the formulas to convert back and forth between signal strength in dBm and field density in μv/m.
Between the transmit and receive antennas, the signal is attenuated by the propagation loss. We will talk about the various types of propagation loss in detail starting next month.
The signal arriving at the receiving antenna does not have a commonly used symbol, but we will call it PA for conve-nience in some of our later discussions. Because PA is outside the antenna, it should really be in μv/m, but using the same ideal antenna artifice, we use the units dBm. The receiving antenna gain is shown as positive, although it can be either positive or negative (in dB) in real world systems. The gain of the receiving antenna shown here is the gain in the direction of the transmitter.
The output of the receiving antenna is the input to the receiver system in dBm. We call it the received power (PR). The one-way link equation gives PR in terms of the other link components. In dB units, it is:
Figure 1: A one-way communication link includes a transmitter, a receiver, two antennas and everything that happens between those antennas.
continued on page 62
296709MegaPhase
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E W 1 0 1
PR = PT + GT – L + GR
Where: PR = the received signal power in dBm
PT = the transmitter output power in dBm
GT = the transmit antenna gain in dBL = the link loss from all causes in
dBPR = the transmitter output power in
dBmIn some literature, the link loss
is dealt with as a “gain,” which is, of course, negative (in dB). When this no-tation is used, the “Propagation Gain” is added in the formula rather than sub-tracted. In the EW 101 columns, we will consistently refer to loss as a negative number in dB, and therefore subtract loss in link equations.
In linear (i.e., non-dB) units, this formula is:
PR = (PT GT GR) / LThe power terms are in Watts, kilo-
watts, etc – and must be in the same units. The gains and losses are pure (unitless) ratios. Because the link loss is in the denominator, it is a ratio greater than 1. In subsequent discussions, the loss formulas both in dB and in linear form will consider loss to be a positive number.
Figures 3 and 4 show important in-stances where one-way links are used in electronic warfare. Figure 3 shows a communication link and a second link from the transmitter to an intercept re-ceiver. Note that the transmit antenna gain to the desired receiver and to the intercept receiver may be different. Figure 4 shows a communication link and a second link from a jammer to the receiver. In this case, the receiving an-tenna may have different gain toward the desired transmitter and the jammer. Each of the links (in both figures) has the elements shown in the diagram of Figure 2.
What’s NextNext month, continuing our discus-
sion of communications EW, we’ll cover propagation losses. For your comments and suggestions, Dave Adamy can be reached at [email protected]. a
Sign
al S
tren
gth
(in d
Bm)
PT
ERPGT
L
GT
PR
PA
XMTR RCVRPROPAGATIONPATH
XMTR
DESIREDRCVR
Gain TowardXmtr
Desired Link
Intercept Link
Gain TowardIntercept Rcvr
Gain TowardDesired Rcvr
Gain TowardXmtr
INTERCEPTRCVR
DESIREDXMTR
RCVRGain TowardRcvr
JAMMER
Gain TowardRcvr
Gain TowardDesired Xmtr
Gain TowardJammer
Desired Link
Jamming Link
Figure 2: The one-way link equation calculates the received power as a function of all other link elements.
Figure 3: When a communication signal is intercepted, there are two links to consider; the transmitter to intercept receiver link and the transmitter to desired receiver link.
Figure 4: When a communication signal is jammed, there is a link from the desired transmitter to the receiver and a link from the jammer to the receiver.
continued from page 60
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Editorial ADHistory1/2h
pg 63
Editorial ADDisney Cruise
1/2h
pg 63
Purchase Vol 1 for $23 US or $26 International while supplies last.Or purchase the whole set for $75 US or $100 International.
HISTORY OF U.S. ELECTRONIC WARFARE BOOKS
VOL I U.S. MEMBER $23.00 each / NON-MEMBER $26.00 ___________________ INT’L. MEMBER $26.00 each / NON-MEMBER $31.00 ___________________
VOL II U.S. MEMBER $28.00 each / NON-MEMBER $46.00 ____________________ INT’L. MEMBER $31.00 each / NON-MEMBER $46.00 ____________________
VOL III U.S. MEMBER $35.00 each / NON-MEMBER $49.00 ____________________ INT’L. MEMBER $40.00 each / NON-MEMBER $54.00 ____________________
THREE VOLUME SET HISTORY BOOKS $75.00 MEMBERS (U.S. & CANADA) ____________________ $100.00 MEMBERS (ALL OTHER ADDRESSES) ____________________ $100.00 NON-MEMBERS (U.S. & CANADA) ____________________ $125.00 NON-MEMBERS (ALL OTHER ADDRESSES) ____________________
PLEASE PAY BY CASH, CHECK, VISA, MASTERCARD OR AMERICAN EXPRESS, MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO THE AOC. SHIPPING AND HANDLING ARE INCLUDED IN PRICES ABOVE. VIRGINIA RESIDENTS ADD 4.5% SALES TAX.
NAME_____________________________________________________________________________________
ADDRESS__________________________________________________________________________________
CREDIT CARD # ____________________________________________EXPIRATION DATE______________
ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS1000 NORTH PAYNE ST.ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314
PHONE: (703) 549-1600, FAX: (703) 549-2589
US HISTORY OF ELECTRONIC
WARFAREOnly 300 Volume one’s left.
History of EW.indd 1 4/2/07 12:07:36 PM
Take a Cruise after the AOC ConventionJoin us for a three-day cruise to the Bahamas on Disney Wonder, departing from Port Canaveral, Florida on November 1 – the day after the 2007 AOC Convention in Orlando.Book before July 1 and save $25 per cabin. AOC members receive special amenity for each cabin. Itinerary: Port Canaveral, Nassau, Castaway Cay and Port Canaveral Departs: 4:00 p.m. on Thursday, November 1, returning at 7:00
a.m. on Sunday, November 4Pricing: Begins at about $500 per adult – even less for children
(lowest fares of the year)* Contact: Eric Johnson, (800) 898-1190
[email protected] www.cruiseplanners.com
*based on double occupancy and subject to change
14disney cruise.indd 1 5/14/07 9:22:32 AM
Editorial ADAOC PDC
4/c
pg 64
Serving the Electronic Warfare & Information Operations CommunityOne of the ways AOC serves its members is by offering continuing education courses directly related to EW and IO. Just one new idea gained from these expert instructors will more than pay for your investment in continuing education. Smaller class sizes allow for more one-on-one interaction with instructors and more personal attention for students.
ProfessionalDevelopment Courses
Operational Capability of Helicopter EW CourseJune 12-14Alexandria, VA
Fundamental Principles of Electronic Warfare Course(optional classifi ed day)July 16-20 *NEW DATEAlexandria, VA
Writing Solid CONOPS for US Government Programs and Projects CourseJuly 24-26Alexandria, VA
ELINT/EW Databases CourseAugust 7-9Alexandria, VA
Advanced Electro-Optics for EW Engineers and Managers CourseAugust 13-17Alexandria, VA
Advanced EW Course(optional classifi ed day)September 17-21Alexandria, VA
ELINT and Modern Signals CourseSeptember 25-28Alexandria, VA
Operational Capability of Helicopter EW CourseOctober 2-4Alexandria, VA
Electronic Defense Systems CourseOctober 22-26Alexandria, VA
Introduction to Radar and EW CourseNovember 13-15Alexandria, VA
Writing Solid CONOPS for US Government Programs and Projects CourseDecember 4-6Alexandria, VA
Electro-Optics & Infrared (EO/IR) Fundamentals for EW Engineers and Managers CourseDecember 10-14Alexandria, VA
Register for a Professional Development Course today!
For further information, please see the detailed course outline available at www.crows.org
PDC.indd 1 5/23/07 10:00:19 AM
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BOD VOTE NEXT MONTH
associat ion newsThe AOC will hold its election of
national board members beginning July 1 and ending July 31. One-third of the BOD positions – three At Large Directors, International II and South-ern Pacific Region – will be contested on this year’s ballot. The slate of 2007 candidates is as follows:
For At Large Directors (three positions):
Dave HimeKenneth ParksMatthew Smith-MeckMark AshtonAndy DichterLee SimmonettaHal GershanoffWes HeidenreichRoy G. Saffold
For International II Region Director: Gerry Whitford
For Southern Pacifi c Region Director: Vince BattagliaMark Schallheim
A complete election guide, includ-ing candidate biographies, will be available in the July JED, in the on-line ballot and on the paper ballot.
As with last year’s election, AOC members can vote on-line or via paper ballot.
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.
1.
1.2.
AOC audited financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2006, are now available for AOC Members to view by log-ging into the Members Only section at www.crows.org. a
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AVAILABLEFINANCIAL STATEMENTS AVAILABLE
2007 On-Line Voting Instructions
The 2007 AOC Annual Election will begin on July 1 and end July 31.
Go to the AOC website at www.crows.org.Click the “AOC Annual Election” but-ton. This will take you to an entry page. When you have read the in-structions you will be redirected to the electionsonline.us website.Once at the electionsonline.us web-site you will be asked to enter your AOC Member Number and personal password as described below.If you have registered on the AOC website before June 25, you will have established a personal password. Use this password to log into your ballot. If you have not yet registered on the AOC website your Username will be your AOC Member Number and your Password will be crows. (Note that “crows” is all lowercase letters.) If you logged into the AOC website and established a personal password after June 25, you will need to call the AOC so that your ballot may be activated manually. Once you have logged in you will have access to your ballot.On the ballot you will see your choic-es for At Large Directors. You may vote for any three candidates for At Large Director. If you are in a region that is voting for a Regional Director
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
this year, your ballot will also allow you to vote for one candidate for the AOC Director from your Region.Once you have made your voting selections, hit the “Submit ballot” button at the bottom of the bal-lot. This will take you to a review screen where you can see the vot-ing selection you have made. If you wish to change your voting selection hit the “Return to ballot” button to change or correct your voting selection and repeat the process.If you are happy with your voting selection, hit the “Submit ballot” button again. Once you hit the “Sub-mit ballot” button again your vote is final and cannot be changed.If you have any difficulty logging
into the AOC or electionsonline.us websites or if you have any difficulty voting please call the AOC Election Headquarters at (703) 549-1600 and ask for Andrew Schappert.
PAPER BALLOTPaper ballots can be requested
from AOC Headquarters any time af-ter June 1 and before July 1. All pa-per ballots must be received by the election coordinator before July 31. Please contact AOC Headquarters at (703) 549-1600 or visit the AOC web-site a www.crows.org. a
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A O C a s s o c i a t i o n n e w s
WANTED: CONFERENCE COORDINATORS
The Association of Old Crows (AOC) is looking for retired Crows with expertise in such areas as AEA, Battle Manage-ment, Command and Control Warfare, JSEAD, Threat, NTISR, UAV Payloads, SIGINT, Space EW and Spectrum Man-agement to be part-time conference co-ordinators. These individuals will assist in the development and direction of in-dividual AOC electronic warfare-related conferences.
Applicants must be skilled in senior leadership interaction, have excellent organizational abilities, and have direct experience in electronic warfare and related fields. The successful applicant must be highly motivated, possess ex-cellent communication skills, and have the ability to inform and work harmo-niously with an active volunteer board, committees and headquarters staff. Also, experience in defense electronics with government, industry, academia or at a Service level is required.
Experience in non-profit organiza-tions and understanding of Congres-sional and Executive Branch operations are each a plus. Salary commensurate with experience. Must be a US citizen and eligible to hold a security clearance. Resume and references should prefera-bly be e-mailed to [email protected], or can be mailed to: Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Alexandria, VA 22314. a
STRATEGIC ROOST MEMBERS JUDGE SCIENTIFIC EXCELLENCE
Our appreciation goes out to StratRoost members Rich Dale, Brian Carney and Major Mohan Krishna for their work as judges at the Greater Nebraska Science and Engineering Fair held at Nebraska City High School on March 24.
In addition to providing judges, the Roost also awarded prizes of US Savings Bonds and AOC Student Memberships to students presenting the top two tech-nical exhibits in the Senior High Division and the top technical exhibit in the Junior High Division. This year, competition was so keen that a tie was declared in Junior High Division, resulting in Co-1st Place Awards being given. In addition, three Honorable Mentions in the Senior High Division and one Honorable Mention in the Junior High Division also received AOC Student Memberships. Major Mo Krishna, StratRoost newsletter editor, presented the award certificates at Ne-braska City on April 25.
SENIOR HIGH DIVISION1st Place: Keshav Rao, Brownell-Talbot School –
$500 U.S. Savings Bond2nd Place: Nick Kinzer, Lakeview High School –
$250 US Savings BondHonorable Mention: Christopher Chochon, Lakeview High School –
AOC Student MembershipHonorable Mention: Madison Grinnell, Brownell-Talbot School –
AOC Student MembershipHonorable Mention: Tony Jacobsen, Laurel-Concord High School –
AOC Student Membership
JUNIOR HIGH DIVISIONCo-1st Place: Kara Einspahr, St. John Lutheran –
$100 US Savings BondCo-1st Place: Brett Sasse, Lourdes Central Catholic –
$100 US Savings BondHonorable Mention: Zach Rasmussen, Wayne Middle School –
AOC Student Membership
Major Mo Krishna (far right) with award winners, left to right: Nick Kinzer ($250 savings bond), Keshav Rao ($500 savings bond) and Laura Johnson (Army and AF certificates winner, Newman Grove Public School).
Major Mo Krishna presents AOC Student Membership to Zach Rasmussen.
Send us Your AOC News!
E-mail your news, events, awards and photos to
Visit www.crows.org for even more AOC News.
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A O C a s s o c i a t i o n n e w s
Editorial ADAOC JobBoard
4/c
pg 67
TIDEWATER CHAPTER AWARDS SCHOLARSHIP
The Tidewater Chapter recently acknowledged the area’s lat-est scholarship winner, SSgt Alexander C. Wilson.
SSgt Alexander C. Wilson is currently a Server Management Technician in the 83rd ACC Communications Squadron sta-tioned at Langley AFB. His primary major for undergraduate baccalaureate degree is in computer information systems and he is enrolled at Park University.
SSgt Wilson is a John Levitow Leadership Award winner, presented to the top professional military education graduate
from Air Force Airman Leadership School. He has also been Airman of the Quarter, and is a Microsoft Certified Sys-tem Engineer. He plans to use his degree in the Information Technology (IT) career field. a
Mr. Dick Slye, Tidewater Scholarship Co-Chair, and SSgt Alexander C. Wilson.
ARMY EW CELEBRATES A YEARCOL Howard Rudat, Chief of the IED Defeat Division, and
COL Laurie Buckhout, Chief, Electronic Warfare Division, Army Asymmetric Warfare Office, blow out candles on an elaborate birthday cake. The Army celebrated the one-year anniversary of its EW and IED Defeat Divisions at the Pen-tagon May 3. The Army is in the midst of a massive effort to built EW as a core competency for career officers and soldiers. Read an interview with COL Buckhout on page 46 to learn about the program’s progress. a
www.jobs.crows.org
With its focus
on companies and professionals
in the fi elds of electronic warfare and
information operations, the AOC Career Center offers
its members, non-members and the industry at large an easy-to-
use and highly targeted resource for online employment connections.
For Job Seekers:• FREE and confi dential resume posting • Job search control • Easy job application• Saved jobs capability
For Employers:• Unmatched exposure for job listings • Easy online job management • Résumé searching access• Build better company awareness
Begin shaping your professional future
now at www.jobs.crows.org
VISIT THE NEW AOC JOB BOARD at
HALFLONG_jobboard.indd 1 4/2/07 12:12:09 PM
SUSTAININGAgilent TechnologiesBAE SYSTEMSThe Boeing CompanyChemring Group Plc EDO CorporationElectronic Warfare
Associates, Inc.Elettronica, SpAGeneral DynamicsITT Industries, Inc.Northrop Grumman
CorporationRaytheon CompanyRockwell CollinsSaab AvitronicsThales CommunicationsThales Aerospace Division
GROUPAAI CorporationACQIRIS USAAculight CorporationAdvanced ConceptsAdvanced Testing
Technologies IncAethercomm, Inc.Akon, Inc.Alion Science and
TechnologyAnaren Microwave, Inc.Annapolis Micro
Systems, Inc.
ARINC, Inc.Aselsan A.S.ATDIATK Missile Systems
CompanyAvalon Electronics, Inc.Avalon Systems Pty Ltd.,
AustraliaBlackhawk Management
CorporationComtech PSTCrane Aerospace &
Electronics, Electronics Group
Cubic DefenseCyberVillage
Networkers Inc.Defence R&D CanadaDefense Research
Associates Inc.DRS EW & Network
Systems, Inc.DRS EW & Network
Systems (Canada)DRS Signal Recording
TechnologiesDRS Technologies
Sustainment SystemsDRS Training and Control
Systems, Inc.Dynetics, Inc.Elcom Technologies, Inc.Electro-Metrics
Elisra Electronic Systems, Ltd
ELTA Systems LtdEMS Technologies Inc.Epoch Software
Systems Inc.ESL Defence LimitedEsterline Defense GroupEW Simulation
Technology LtdEWA-Australia Pty Ltd.Field Aviation
Company Inc.Filtronic Signal SolutionsFoster-Miller Inc.Honeywell InternationalHorrigan AnalyticsITCN, Inc.Jabil CircuitJB Management, Inc.JT3, LLCKOR Electronics, Inc.L-3 CommunicationsL-3 Communications
Cincinnati ElectronicsL-3 Communications/
Randtron Antenna Systems
Lockheed MartinLorch MicrowaveLNXM/A-COMMacAulay-BrownMC Countermeasures, Inc.
MegaPhaseMiKES Microwave
Electronic Systems Inc.MITEQ, Inc.The MITRE CorporationMonteria, LLCMRSLMulticonsult SrlMultispectral Signature
Services, IncNew World Solutions, Inc.Northrop Grumman PRBNurad Technologies, IncOerlikon Contraves AGOrtel division of EMCOREOverwatch Systems Ltd.Phoenix International
Systems, Inc.Plath, GmbHQUALCOMMRafael-Electronic
Systems Div.Raven Inc.Research Associates
of Syracuse, Inc.Rising Edge TechnologiesRohde & Schwarz
GmbH & Co. KGRUAG HoldingScience Applications
International Corporation
SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems
Siemens Schweiz AGSierra Nevada CorporationSimulation
Technologies, Inc.Sivers IMA ABSunshine Aero IndustriesSURVICE Engineering Co.Symetrics Industries, LLCSypris Data SystemsSyracuse Research
CorporationSystemWare Inc.T. Bear Larson &
Associates, Inc.Tactical Technologies Inc.Tadiran Electronic
Systems Ltd.Tech Resources, Inc.TECOM IndustriesTELEMUSTERMA A/SThales Components Corp.Times Microwave SystemsTRAK MicrowaveTRIASYS Technologies
Corp.VigilanceVMETRO Incxwave Solutions, Inc.ZEL Technologies, LLC
AOC Industry Members
68
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Editorial ADMembership
1/2h
pg 68
BECOME A CORPORATE MEMBERSign up now to become a corporate member and receive a discount on exhibit space at the AOC National Convention in Orlando. Exhibit space is selling quickly. For more information on corporate membership visit our website at www.crows.org or contact Glorianne O’Neilin at [email protected] or (703) 549-1600.
MEMBER TYPE ANNUAL FEE SPONSORED MEMBERSSUSTAINING (ANY SIZE) $3,000 30LARGE (400+ Employees) $1,500 22MEDIUM (50-399 Employees) $1,000 15SMALL (10-49 Employees) $500 10CONSULTANT (1-9 Employees) $300 5
CORPORATE FEE SCHEDULE(Company size determines fee except for sustaining members)
AOC CORPORATE MEMBER BENEFITS• Opportunity to designate key employees for AOC membership• Reduced rates for exhibit space at the AOC National Convention • Free company narrative annually in the Journal of Electronic Defense (JED)• Names of industry members will appear in each issue of JED• Industry sponsored members receive discount for courses, and technical symposia• Strengthened industry/association/government coalition • Nonpartisan government relations • Highly ethical forum for free exchange of information • Expanded participation in professional activities • Valuable professional contacts in industry and government
corp_member_editorial.indd 1 4/2/07 1:18:13 PM
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I n d e xof adver t isers
JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense (ISSN 0192-429X), is published monthly by Naylor, LLC, for the Association of Old Crows, 1000 North Payne Street, Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.
Periodicals postage paid at Alexandria, VA and additional mailing offi ces. Subscriptions: JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense, is sent to AOC members and subscribers only. Subscription rates for paid subscribers are $160 per year in the US, $240 per year elsewhere; single copies and back issues (if available) $12 each in the US; $25 elsewhere.
POSTMASTER: send address changes to JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense, c/o Association of Old Crows, 1000 North Payne Street, Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.
Subscription Information: Glorianne O’Neilin(703) [email protected]
Naylor, LLC – Georgia12600 Deerfi eld Parkway, Suite 350Alpharetta, GA 30004Toll Free (US): (800) 796-2638Fax: (770) 810-6995
Senior Publisher:Christopher HodgesDirect: (770) 810-6969
Project Manager:Jason WhiteDirect: (770) 810-6970
Naylor, LLC – Florida5950 NW 1st PlaceGainesville, FL 32607Toll Free (US): (800) 369-6220Fax: (352) 331-3525
Sales Team Leader: Shaun GreylingDirect: (352) 333-3385
Advertising Sales Representatives:Erik HensonDirect: (352) 333-3443
Chris ZabelDirect: (352) 333-3420
Naylor – Canada100 Sutherland Ave.Winnipeg, MB Canada R2W 3C7Toll Free: (800) 665-2456Fax: (204) 947-2047
Advertising Sales Representative:Cheryll OlandDirect: (204) 975-0451
JED Sales Offices
AAI Corporation ................................................... www.aaicorp.com........................................ 9
Acqiris ................................................................. www.acqiris.com .......................................38
Aethercomm ........................................................ www.aethercomm.com ...............................25
AKON, Inc. ............................................................ www.akoninc.com .....................................31
Anaren Microwave Inc. ........................................ www.anaren.com .......................................24
Applied Signal Technology, Inc. ........................... www.appsig.com ........................................57
Aselsan Inc. ......................................................... www.aselsan.com.tr ...................................23
BAE Systems ........................................................ www.baesystems.com .... 70, inside back cover
Boeing Integrated Defense Systems ..................... www.boeing.com/ids/ .........inside front cover
Booz Allen Hamilton ............................................ www.boozallen.com .................................... 5
CAP Wireless ........................................................ www.capwireless.com.................................19
Cobham Defense Electronic Systems .................... www.cobhamdes.com ........................... 36, 37
Comtech PST Corp. ............................................... www.comtechpst.com ................................40
Crane Aerospace & Electronics ............................. www.craneae.com/electronics ....................41
Dielectric Laboratories, Inc. ................................ www.dilabs.com .......................................... 7
DRS Codem Systems, Inc. ..................................... www.drs-cs.com .........................................14
EDO Reconnaissance & Surveillance Systems ....... www.edorss.com ........................................29
Elcom Technologies .............................................. www.elcom-tech.com .................................20
Elettronica SpA .................................................... www.elt-roma.com .....................................17
Era Corporation .................................................... www.erabeyondradar.com ..........................48
EW Simulation Technology Ltd. ........................... www.ewst.co.uk .........................................11
EWA, Inc. ............................................................. www.f-rams.com ........................................22
Hittite Microwave ................................................ www.hittite.com ........................................59
IAI ELTA Systems Ltd. .......................................... www.iai.co.il .............................................45
KOR Electronics .................................................... www.korelectronics.com ............................. 3
L-3 Electron Devices ............................................ www.l-3com.com/edd/ ...............................27
MegaPhase ........................................................... www.MegaPhase.com .................................61
MRCM GmbH......................................................... www.mrcm.net ........................................... 8
Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems ............... www.northropgrumman.com ......................18
PLATH GmbH........................................................ www.plath.de ............................................21
Raytheon Company .............................................. www.raytheon.com ........... outside back cover
Rohde & Schwarz .................................................. www.rohde-schwarz.com ............................10
Saab Avitronics .................................................... www.saabavitronics.com ............................39
Thales Aerospace Division ................................... www.thalesgroup.com ................................13
TMD Technologies Ltd. ......................................... www.tmd.co.uk..........................................42
Wallop Defence Systems Ltd. ............................... www.wallopdefence.com ............................43
Wide Band Systems, Inc. ...................................... www.widebandsystems.com .......................33
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J E D quick look
Details Page # Details Page #
With more than 50 years of electronic warfare experience, BAE SYSTEMS is pleased to sponsor the JED QuickLook.
AARGM, live-fire flight tests ............................................ 18
AC-130, LAIRCM funding increase ..................................... 26
Aerial Common Sensor, Army and Navy program cuts ......... 26
Aethercomm, power amplifier .......................................... 56
Airborne Electronic Attack (AEA) system of systems .......... 16
Airborne Signals Intelligence Payload (ASIP) flight tests ... 16
ALQ-213, additional budget funding for ............................ 26
ARINC, EA-18G electronic attack mission .......................... 24
B-52 Core Component Jammer .......................................... 16
BAE Systems, ESM for Australian AP-3C Orion .................... 28
CAPTOR Radar ................................................................. 39
Chemring Countermeasures .............................................. 44
COL Laurie Buckhout, US Army ......................................... 47
Cross-Eye Jamming .......................................................... 14
Deputy Advisors Working Group (DAWG) ............................ 16
EADS, AAR-60 ................................................................. 43
EADS, Defensive Aids Subsystem (DASS) for A400M ........... 38
EADS, EuroDASS .............................................................. 38
EADS, SIGINT payload for Euro Hawk................................. 35
EDO Corp, ALR-95 ESM for Navy P-3C patrol aircraft............ 23
Elettronica, EuroDASS ..................................................... 38
European EW industry ..................................................... 35
European Security and Defense Policy .............................. 35
Force Protection Jammer ................................................. 44
FREMM EW ...................................................................... 44
General Dynamics, AN/SSX-1 Small Ship ESM ..................... 21
General Dynamics, SEWIP integration ............................... 21
Gérard Christmann, Thales Aerospace ............................... 30
Horizon Frigate EW .......................................................... 44
House Armed Services Committee, FY2008 Defense Authorization Bill ....................................................... 26
Indian Navy, Sangraha EW system .................................... 28
Indra and EADS, ALR-400 radar warner ............................. 38
Indra, EuroDASS .............................................................. 38
JIEDDO, Congressional criticism for................................... 26
L-3 Communications, EA-6B Prowler support services ......... 24
L-3 Communications, EW self-protection for New Zealand C-130s ..................................................... 28
LaBarge, Common Missile Warning System circuit cards ..... 24
Lockheed Martin, UYQ-70 ship display .............................. 21
MBDA, DDM NG ................................................................ 41
MBDA, Expendable Dispenser System ................................ 38
Mercury Computer Systems, Echotek ECV4-2 receiver.......... 56
MQ-1 Predator ................................................................. 16
MQ-9 Reaper (Predator B) ................................................. 16
Network-Centric Collaborative Targeting (NCCT) for RC-135 ......................................... 18
Northrop Grumman, ASIP testing ..................................... 16
Northrop Grumman, DIRCM for CH-53E helicopters ............. 23
Northrop Grumman, EA-18G Growler fuselage delivery ....... 22
Northrop Grumman, SEWIP Block 1A subsystems ............... 21
Phalcon phased-array radar system for Singapore Gulfstream 550s .......................................... 28
Raytheon, ALR-67(V)3 for US Navy and RAAF .................... 23
Raytheon, MALD-J risk reduction contract ........................ 23
Raytheon, SLQ-32 ............................................................ 20
RC-135 Rivet Joint, need for fleet modernization ............... 16
Rising Edge Technologies, data recorder ............................ 56
Rockwell Collins, signal analysis tool ................................ 56
RQ-4B Global Hawk Block 30 SIGINT variant ...................... 16
Saab Avitronics, EWS 39 ................................................... 40
Saab Microwave Systems, MIDAS ...................................... 41
Saab Microwave Systems, NORA ........................................ 40
SAEC SIGINT System ........................................................ 44
Selex, EuroDASS .............................................................. 38
Stormjammers, book review .............................................. 58
Surface Ship EW Improvement Program (SEWIP) ................ 20
Terma, ALQ-213 EWMS ..................................................... 43
Terma, CHASE ................................................................. 28
Thales and EADS, Multicolor Infrared Alerting Sensor (MIRAS) ............................................. 38
Thales, CARBONE ............................................................. 43
Thales, Spectra ............................................................... 41
Thales, submarine ESM contracts ...................................... 28
TWE, for Tigre ................................................................. 43
US Air Force, sourcing for medium- and high-altitude UAVs ............................................... 20
US Navy, EP-3E replacement ............................................. 18
VMETRO, AES-256 Data Encryption Recorder ...................... 56
Wallop Defence Systems ................................................... 44
Wide Band Systems, wideband frequency synthesizer ........ 56
Zodiac Data Systems, data recorder ................................... 56
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He takes mission executionseriously, and so do we.
Protecting the lives of warfighters — it’s the driving force behind all that we do at Raytheon. And our electronic warfaresystems have been doing it for over 50 years. From decoys and jammers, to radar warning receivers and new digitaltechnology, our comprehensive range of products enables today’s pilots to detect and defeat the threat. But whatseparates us from the others is our commitment to program execution. We deliver combat-proven performance youcan count on, where you need it and when you need it. Because we’re just as serious about his successful mission aswe are about our own.
www.raytheon.com
© 2007 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. “Customer Success Is Our Mission” is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company.
Electronic Warfare Systems
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