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“Role of Agriculture banks and Commercial Banks,

providing loan for agricultural purpose, in the

development of Baluchistan’s economy”

Research Proposal Presented by:

Zarak Khan

Pashmina Kamal

Muhammad Harris

Amna Manzoor

1



Abstract:In the developing nation’s agriculture sectors plays an essential role in the

economic development. Pakistan is an agricultural country where most of its

goods exported to the globe consist of agricultural goods. One can not neglect

Baluchistan when talking about the agriculture of Pakistan, the livestock in the

province has large potential plus some measures are required to increase its farm

productivity.

The study is wholly based on the banks role, whether it’s the commercial or

agriculture bank, in uplifting the country’s economy generally and Baluchistan’s

specifically. The aim of the study is to know how the sector has helped the

economy in the past and what measures can be taken in the future to improve the

economy.

Special concern is paid to the country’s only agriculture bank in improving the

economy of Baluchistan and what are the products that have helped in poverty

reduction in the past, or improving other aspects of the economy.

The country’s agricultural policies are compared with the other neighboringcountries to identify the flaws in the policies and to learn from the policies of the

countries such as India, China and Bangladesh.

Population consists of all the banks operating in Quetta in providing support to

the agricultural sector; sample consists of the only agricultural bank in the

country and five other commercial banks.

2



TITLE OF THE STUDY: .................................................................................... 4

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: ...................................................................... 4

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: ..................................................................... 4

RESEARCH QUESTIONS:- ............................................................................... 5

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:- ............................................................................. 5

LITERATURE REVIEW:- .................................................................................. 6

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: ........................................................................ 14

POPULATION SIZE: .............................................................................................. 14S AMPLING DESIGN: .............................................................................................. 14S AMPLE SIZE: .................................................................................................... 14D ATA COLLECTION METHOD AND TOOLS: ................................................................... 14

REFERENCES: ............................................................................................... 15

3



Title of the Study:

“Role of Agriculture banks and Commercial Banks, providing loan for

agricultural purpose, in the development of Baluchistan’s economy”

Background of the Study:

While most of the developed countries have moved from the agrarian

economy to the industrial economy, yet the developing and under developed

countries drastically rely on its agricultural sector. Most of the population of such

developing and underdeveloped economies lives in the rural regions of the

country. According to the World Bank’s survey nearly 75% of the south Asian countries

lives in the rural areas, and nearly 70 percent of this statistics lives in poverty

(World Bank 2011). The source of income for these rural people is via agriculture,

they are affiliated with it directly or indirectly.

If we take a glance of Pakistan’s economy more than half of the country’s

population lives in rural areas, comprising 68 percent of the work force works in

the agriculture fields (Pakistan census 1998) In the early decades, after its

independence, the country’s GDP highly relied on the agricultural sector but with

the passage of time its role declined and now it is the second largest contributor

to the GDP accounting for 22% of the GDP (world bank 2011)

Significance of the study:

Realizing the role of Agricultural sector in the development of economy,

the report has significance in many aspects. It will enhance the reader to know the importance of agriculture in uplifting the country’s economy and specially the

Baluchistan’s economy. It will highlight the role that the agriculture sector has

played to empower the poor people, the role to reduce poverty in the province,

lowering the poverty and how it played its part in lowering the unemployment

rate.

4



The study will also emphasize on the poor policies adopted by the sector, which

can be improved by adopting the successful techniques adopted by the

neighboring countries.

Apart from this, the report will also help the reader to know about the barriers

that’s stopping the development in the province.

Research Questions:-

1. What percentage of Baluchistan population is dependent on the Agricultural

Sector?

2. What is the percentage of Loan taken for the agricultural purpose in

Baluchistan?3. How the Agricultural bank (ZTBL) and commercial banks (giving credit for

agricultural purpose) has helped in developing the rural regions of Baluchistan?

4. Is the agriculture bank (ZTBL) and other commercial banks fully satisfying the

needs of agriculture in Baluchistan?

5. What measures and agricultural policies have been adopted by ZTBL and other

commercial banks in the past to support the economy?

6. How the agricultural sector can support the economy is the future?

7. What are the barriers stopping the implementation of agricultural policies?

Research Objectives:-

The objectives of the research is to learn the role of banks most

importantly Zarai Taraqiyati Bank Limited (ZTBL) in the agricultural

development of Pakistan. The basic aim is to study the policies and strategies

regarding the province and special measures, (if taken) in the proposed field. As

agriculture is the largest sector in the economy accounting for 22% of GDP of

Pakistan. Secondly Baluchistan is a mountainous valley and the land here is not

much fertile so agriculture here is not very popular except for the fruits and

vegetables including pumpkins, wild cherries, apricots, peaches, grapes, apples,

plums, black cherries and strawberries.

5



Our aim is to find out the percentage of population indulged in agriculture sector

and their livelihood condition and what changes have the banks brought in

promoting this area and attracting more population to this sector and increasing

the yield

The main issue here in Baluchistan is the irrigation of land as most of its land has

turned barren and in fertile due to droughts. So we need to know the measures

taken in solving this problem as this can be a big constraint to the development of

agricultural sector as Rainfall has been below normal in seven of the past nine

years.

Another thing that needs to be focused is the livestock as most of the feed for the

livestock comes from the privately owned lands and those too are affected by the

drought causing reduction in yield.More over the past researches and efforts done on improvement of this sector is

also to be observed as it shows the contribution of the institutions in

development of this sector and the changes in policies adopted in account of the

problems identified through those researches.

The future potentials are also to be targeted, that what are the chance of

improvement in the future economy due to development in this sector. The

objective is to know what are the technological changes brought in the

agricultural practices and how far has it succeeded in convincing the traditional

people in adopting the change.

Literature Review:-

Scrutinizing country’s statistics the total agricultural land of Pakistan

accounts to 79.61 million hectors (according to agricultural statistics of Pakistan 1998-

99) out of which only 25%(197 million acres) of the land is used for the cultivation

purpose.

According to the USAID report on agriculture in 2006, Baluchistan faces

problems like shortage of water and rugged landscapes. Only 17 percent of the

province land is arable and most of the arable land isn’t used for cultivation

purpose the rest of the uncultivable land is used for grazing of livestock’s.

6



The baseline survey data revealed that the incidence of poverty among project

communities is higher than the province-wide average of 35% or the rural

average of 37%. In fact, 42% of households fall at or below the poverty line of Rs.

968 in monthly adult equivalent consumption

According to provinces Punjab ranks first regarding its contribution in the sector

and accounts for 11.04 mha cultivated land. The second largest contributor is

Sindh province contributing 5.45 mha of cultivated land, Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa( former NWFP) being the third contributor, contributes 1.93 of the

cultivated land and Baluchistan being the most devastated one only contributes

1.4mha. (Dr. SYED MANZOOR ALAM 2001)

Things can be improved if some good steps are taken by the government; there is

only one specialized institution in the whole country to support the Agriculturesector that is Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL) formerly known as

Agriculture development Bank of Pakistan (ADBP). Other than this the

commercial banks also supports it by giving loans to its clients for the agricultural

purposes.

Although some serious steps are needed on Government’s behalf to improve the

agriculture sector of the country, yet it has supported the country’s economy in

many aspects. Baluchistan being the most neglected province of the country,

around 74% of the population living in rural areas (census 1998) mostly relies on

livestock and agriculture.

ZTBL the only specialized bank in the country, has provided loans to these poor

rural citizens of the country to upgrade their standards of living; charging them

very low interest, providing them jobs and has helped them providing latest

technologies to improve the productivity of their lands.

Some products of the Bank such as Kissan Dost Scheme (KDS) has helped

the farmers to increase their productivity by providing them loans with

concessional markup to finance crop production, another product that

emphasizes keenly on small farmers includes One Window Operation/ Zarkhaiz

Scheme (ZS). Apart from providing loans for the agriculture purpose the bank is

also committed to support the poultry sector of the country and specially

Baluchistan, the banks products like Rural Development Scheme, White

7



revolution scheme and red meat scheme proved helpful to uplift the

standard of living of the poor living in Baluchistan and helping them to start a

business of their own to help support their family thus leading to reduction in the

unemployment rate and poverty rate of the country generally, and the

Baluchistan province specifically. Other than the country’s agriculture bank,

other commercial banks are also the secondary source of funding for the farmers

and landlords

Before 2007 Baluchistan was scarce in human resource and agriculture growth.

15 years before 2007 the contribution of Baluchistan in GDP was constantly 4%.

In 2007 the deep submersible tube wells were introduced to support the

horticulture economy Livestock and horticulture dominated the agricultural

sector in the rest of the province due to the scarcity of water. (BalochistanEconomic Report 2007)

During the early 70’s and 80’s the agriculture sector proved itself in poverty

reduction and dramatically propped up the Pakistan’s Economy but since then

and specially after the 90’s it failed to support the economy, this indicates that

there are some major flaws in the agricultural policies and plans that needs to be

addressed. Since the socio-economic circumstances of the neighboring countries

are more or less similar to the Pakistan’s atmosphere, we can adopt and learn a

lot from these countries, since some of the agricultural policies adopted by the

countries like Bangladesh, China and India has really assisted its economies and

has improved the life of common people.

Bangladesh that was formerly the part of Pakistan (known as East

Pakistan) has moved forward and leaving behind Pakistan in the agricultural

sector by capturing most of the European and American markets.

Bangladesh, known best for its agricultural goods is an agricultural based country

where 80% of the total population depends upon the agriculture, with 54% of the

population is directly employed in the sector and the remaining 26% are

indirectly involved in the agriculture. The contribution of the agricultural sector

in the GDP is 21% and almost 63% of the total labor force is working in the sector.

(World Bank 2011)

8



As the agriculture is the main sector of the economy therefore the government of

Bangladesh has taken a lot of steps to improve the sector. According to a report

prepared for Bangladesh Food Security Investment Forum by M. Asaduzzaman,

Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, Claudia Ringler, International

Food Policy Research Institute, James Thurlow, International Food Policy

Research Institute, Shafiqul Alam, Ministry of Agriculture in 2005 the loan taken

by the small farmers equals to 15000-16000 taka per land, the medium farmers

borrowed around 25,000 taka whereas the large farmers borrowed 51,000 taka at

the average. (Bangladesh Food Security Investment Forum 2010)

According to Wahiduddin Mahmud, Sultan Hafeez Rahman and Sajjad Zohir

report, Agricultural Growth through Crop Diversification in Bangladesh,

Bangladesh took some serious steps to protect its local farmers by imposing hightariff rates on the agricultural goods, this step proved helpful for the government

to earn enough revenue and create a demand of its own local agri goods that

helped the farmers to earn huge profits and thus improving their standards of

living and helping the economy indirectly. (AGRICULTURAL GROWTH

THROUGH CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN BANGLADESH 1995)

The best thing done by the government is the E-Agriculture; the initiative will

help the government and the farmers to improve the sector.

Water being the most essential ingredient in agriculture, many projects are being

started by the government to improve irrigation system in the country.

Another crucial step taken by the government is the adoption of the Nuclear

Agriculture which has brought change in the sector.

Different research centers of Department of Agriculture are working to improve

the agriculture sector, the centers are:

* Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute

* Bangladesh Rice Research Institute

* Soil Resource Development Institute

* Accelerating Agriculture Productivity Improvement in Bangladesh

These all institutes has changed the typical farming system in the country and

have introduced a variety of new, effective and less costly ways of farming in the

agriculture sector and in result the yield is going higher and higher.

9



Recently the government of the Bangladesh has announced the Diesel Subsidy

Program in which farmer will get Diesel at lower price for the farming, 7.49

Billion Taka (107 Million U.S Dollars) are specified for the project. And many

other factors are there due to which the Bangladesh agriculture is thriving; like

investments in seed research and irrigation, free market policies, greater crop

diversification, infrastructure Development, new approaches to food aid have

helped move the country to a position of near self-sufficiency in rice, its main

crop, and many others. (Food and Agriculture in Bangladesh: A Success Story

West Gordon)

Another neighboring country, China that is ranked as the world’s second

largest economy GDP ($9,711,244) after United States of America (China Mike

2011) has continuously improved its growth rate and the catalyst that played itsrole includes the agricultural sector of the country. Employing over 300 million

farmers, China ranks first in the worldwide farm output.

Many measures and steps are taken in the previous decades that helped the

agricultural sector over the period of time.

In 90s and the early years of the 21st century China charged huge taxes from the

farmers nearly 10% of their net income In total, the taxation burden shouldered

by farmers in 2000 was estimated to be between RMB 180 billion ($24 billion)

and RMB 220 billion ($29 billion), due to which the common farmer was greatly

dissatisfied. But after some healthy protest by the farmers in the 10 years, the

Chinese government was forced to reduce taxes and merged many forms of taxes

into a single tax head that lowered the tax rate from as high as 10 percent to 8.4

percent of the famers annual output. In 2006 the government exempted farmers

from agricultural taxes that gave some relief to the poor farmer and improved

their standard of living to some extent. (China's Agricultural Trade: Competitive

Conditions and Effects on U.S. Exports 2011)

The Agricultural bank of China mainly emphasizes on the poor citizens in the

country and tries to reach them by opening branches in every city and every town

of the country. There are policies that Pakistan can replicate to reduce poverty

and support economy just like China had.

10



For development purposes the government has played a basic role to facilitate

agriculture loan provided to poor farmers in easy terms and documentation.

Agricultural Development Bank of China, a bank-owned agricultural policy,

mainly provides loan services to the agricultural sector in China. The company

offers loans for the acquisition of reserves, and oil marketing of grain, cotton, and

edible; national reserve of meat, sugar, tobacco fertilizer, wool, and chemical. The

Agricultural Development Bank of China has lent 15.5 billion Yuan (USD2.41

billion) for water facilities construction in the first half of this year. The amount

was higher than the same period in previous years, the bank said, while waiting

for the full year amount to over 30 billion Yuan. The lender plans to lend 30-

40000000000 Yuan each year for water facilities construction over five years to

2015, according to the bank.The agricultural bank of china (ABC) has wide range of products, emphasizing

specially on the poor farmers, one of its product Small Business Self-service

Revolving Loan is a type of loan specially designed for the poor and small

customers, under this loan the bank provides working capital for normal and

operational production and enhances the farmers to pay the debts anytime

without bounding them to pay at specific date or year without charging

surcharges or extra interest, this encourages the poor farmers to take loans and

repay the loan whenever they are in a position to repay.

Apart from lending loans to the farmers the agricultural bank of china also

provides loans to the small enterprises; the bank’s product called the Loan on

Real Estate is a loan for the small enterprises to expand its business without

classifying the enterprises credit worthiness, the bank just keeps a mortgage

guarantee and forwards the loan to the enterprise; if such service is introduced

here in Pakistan and adopted by the agricultural banks not only will it strengthen

country’s GDP but also create employment opportunities.

India having population of more than 1 billion, most of the citizens lives in

rural areas, as much as 70.5 of the population lives in the rural areas of

India(World Bank 2011). As much as two thirds of the country’s workforce rely on

agriculture and is a source of income for them. At the time of independence the

agriculture sector didn’t had much role in the development of economy but the

11



green revolution of the 70’s gave boom to its economy and contributed its part in

the country’s GDP, this can be proved by looking at the 2010-2011 statistics that

shows the growth rate of 6.1% that is the first in south-Asian region.(trading

economics 2011-q4)

The government has also taken steps directly to support the agricultural sector of

India, that leads to sustainable economy, by subsidizing the main ingredients of

the agricultural sector the government has subsidized fertilizers, electricity, fuel

and irrigation to support the farmers. Even the prices of fertilizers that are

imported from other countries are subsidized by the government. Knowing the

importance of agricultural sector in the economy the government provides

electricity at very low price or even free in some states. (India Agricultural Policy

Review volume 4 2008)Some serious steps are taken by the government to improve the agricultural

sector in India, thus leading to economic improvement indirectly. The National

Food Security Mission (NFSM) by the government is to encourage the

supply of its major crops such as wheat, rice, and pulse production by 8, 10 and 2

million tons, respectively, by the end of the 11th Five Year Plan(2011/12). This will

not only reduce the import cost incurred by the country, but will also help create

employment opportunities in the country.

In India the unorganized institutions plays a vital role in lending money for the

agricultural purpose but the organized institutions such as commercial,

cooperative and rural banks can not be neglected .Among organized institutions

the commercial banks is at the top followed by cooperative and rural banks

respectively.

Many schemes have been launched by the banking sectors to support agricultural

sector that will lead to improved and better economy Schemes like kissan

credit card (KCC) has helped the farmers to get timely and adequate loans

from the banks. Micro finance schemes adopted by National Bank for

Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and the apex bank for

agriculture and rural development in India, has helped the poor farmers

to get small loans at very low markup. Programs such as Tribal Development

and Village Development Program by the National Bank for

12



Agriculture and Rural Development has helped in the development of the

rural areas by providing credit and guidelines to the rural people, especially

farmers. Other than this some risk control programs has also been adopted by the

agricultural banks to counter drought in the country, the best example is the

Watershed Development program that helps to provide watershed lines to

the drought risky areas in order to reduce/ avoid the risk of drought. Another

important scheme launched to reduce poverty and increase the agricultural

production is the Financing Purchase of Land for Agriculture Purposes

Technology in today’s world is the essential ingredient for the increase

agricultural productivity; programs like Capacity Building for Adoption of

Technology have helped the rural farmers to adopt technology and increase

productivity thus increasing their revenue that leads to positive changes in theirand their families lives.

Agriculture has always played its role in uplifting the countries economy; the end

products of the agricultural sector will always have a demand in the world no

matter what. Therefore a country needs to pay robust attention to the industrial

sector, especially country like Pakistan where agriculture is the backbone of

economy.

Agriculture can play a vital role in reducing poverty in Baluchistan if only some

good policies are adopted by the agricultural bank (ZTBL) and other commercial

banks supporting the agricultural sector. We can copy or at least adopt and

implement the good policies executed by the neighboring countries that may help

us to increase productivity and support the economy.

13



Research Methodology:

Redman and Mory define research as a “systematized effort to gain new

knowledge.” This new knowledge can be collected via different ways; the way to

collect this new knowledge is the research methodology.

Population Size:

The population includes all the banks of Quetta that supports the agricultural

sector whether it is agricultural bank or the commercial banks supporting

agriculture by lending loans and having products that supports the agriculture in

the country.

Sampling Design:

The sample design for the research taken is the non random convenience

sampling.

Sample Size:

The sample size take is 1 agriculture bank (ZTBL) and 5 commercial banks

providing loans for the agricultural purpose, the commercial bank includes

National Bank of Pakistan, Habib Bank Limited, United Bank Limited, Bank

Alfalah and Askari Bank Limited

Data Collection Method and Tools:

Data will be collected via Primary Sources, the tools that will be used for data

collection includes questionnaires and interviews. The research is mostly based

on findings so it will be the mixture of both qualitative and quantitative.

14



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while most of the developed countries have moved from the agrarian economy to the industrial economy

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