Which objects are good absorbers of IR

radiation?

Describe the process of heat transfer by

conduction in 3 steps

Describe the process of heat transfer by

convection in 3 steps

What are the 5 factors that affect the rate of evaporation /

condensation?

What is a U-value?What is the Specific Heat Capacity of a

substance?

Which objects are poor absorbers of

radiation (i.e. good reflectors)?

What is the equation to calculate Specific

Heat Capacity (SHC)?

What is a vacuum?Which type of

radiation can transmit heat in a vacuum?

How is heat transmitted by

radiation?

Which type of materials are the best

conductors?

1. Temperature2. Surface area

3. Volume4. Material5. Colour

1. Particles in a liquid or gas are heated, causing them to vibrate more

2. This causes this part of the liquid / gas to

become less dense, and then rise to the top

3. This pushes the denser, colder liquid/gas to the

bottom

1. When particles are heated, they vibrate

more2. This vibration causes

nextdoor particles to vibrate more

3. This passes the heat energy down the

object

Black, matt objects

E = m x c x Θ Silver, shiny objects

SHC is the amount of energy required to

change the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1°C

A value which tells you the rate at which energy is transferred

through an object(The lower the U-

value, the better it is at insulating)

Metals As an electromagnetic wave Radiation

A vacuum is when there are no particles

present

What does the law of ‘conservation of

energy’ say?

What happens to the waste energy created

by objects?Name the 10 different

types of energy

If a lamp takes in 100J of electrical energy, and puts out 40J of light energy, how much energy is

wasted, and as what?

If a laptop puts out 30J light energy and

10J sound energy and 15J heat energy, how

much electrical energy has gone in?

What is the definition of ‘efficiency’

What is the equation to calculate efficiency?

What is the equation to calculate energy transferred by an

electrical appliance?

What two things does the amount of energy

transferred to an electrical object

depend on?

What is the unit of power?

How do you calculate the cost of electricity used by an appliance?

How do you calculate number of electrical

units used by an appliance?

60J as heat

Heat (thermal), light, sound, magnetic, elastic potential,

gravitational potential, nuclear, electrical, chemical, kinetic

It is transferred to the surroundings, which become warmer. It

becomes increasingly spread out.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed,

only transformed

E = P x t(E = energyP = powerT = time)

The proportion of energy supplied that is transferred to useful

energy55J

Units used is the same as energy transferred (kWh), so we use the

same equation:E = P x t

Total cost = units used x cost per unit kWh

The power of the appliance, and the time it’s left on for

(E = P x t)

Which type of power station has the

shortest start up time?

What are the advantages of pump-

system power stations?

Name the fossil fuels used in power

stations to heat water

Name the nuclear fuels used to heat

water in power stations

What do step-up transformers do?

Put these in order to describe a power

station:Turbine, Heat,

Generator, Steam

Name one advantage and one disadvantage to burning fossil fuels

in power stations

Name one advantage and one disadvantage to using nuclear fuels

in power stations

What is the National Grid?

What do step-down transformers do?

Name 5 renewable energy sources

What are the main disadvantages of

renewable energy sources?

Uranium and Plutonium Coal, oil and gas

They can store energy not used in slow periods to meet demands in peak

periods

Fossil fuel (gas-fired) power stations have the shortest start up

time

Advantage: do not produce carbon dioxide

or sulphur dioxideDisadvantage: the waste remains radioactive for

years and must be stored safely

Advantage: produce a lot of heat energy

Disadvantage: non-renewable / release

carbon dioxide / create pollution

Heat, Steam, Turbine, Generator

Step-up transformers decrease the current

of the electricity flowing in the power cables in the national grid. They do this by

increasing the voltage. This reduces energy

losses.

Expensive to set up, infrequent production

of electricity, visual and noise pollution,

destruction of natural habitats

Solar, geothermal, wave, tidal,

hydroelectric and wind

Step-down transformers do the opposite of step-up

transformers. They reduce the voltage of the electricity

coming from the national grid by increasing the

current. This makes it a safe voltage for household use.

A Network of power cables and power

stations that produce and transport electricity around the country to homes and businesses

What is the difference between longitudinal

and transverse waves?

What are compression and rarefaction in a

longitudinal wave?What is amplitude? What is wavelength?

What are crests and troughs in transverse

waves?

Name, in order from smallest wavelength

to biggest wavelength, all the

waves in the electromagnetic

spectrum

What is frequency?Which waves can be

used for communication

purposes?

What is the law of reflection?

What is the Doppler Effect? What is red shift? What is CMBR?

The length of one wave. Measured from two similar points, e.g.

middle to middle, crest to crest or trough to trough

The height of a wave (from the middle).

Shows the volume of a sound wave.

Compression: the part of the wave where

particles are squashed together

Rarefaction: the part of a wave where particles

are spread out

Longitudinal waves: oscillations are at right

angles to the direction of energy transfer

Transverse waves:Oscillations are in the

same direction as energy transfer

Radio, Micro, Infra-Red and Visible

The number of waves passing a point in one

second

RadioMicrowaveInfra-Red

VisibleUV

X-RaysRadio waves

Gamma

Crests are the highest points in a wave.Troughs are the

lowest points in a wave.

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. It is radiation left over from the Big Bang that

still exists today.

There is an increase in the wavelength of light coming from distant galaxies.

This means they are moving away from us.

When the wave source moves away from the observer, the

wavelength increases and frequency decreases.

When the wave source moves towards the observer, the wavelength decreases and

frequency increases.

The angle of incidence is the same as the angle of reflection