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Which objects are good absorbers of IR
radiation?
Describe the process of heat transfer by
conduction in 3 steps
Describe the process of heat transfer by
convection in 3 steps
What are the 5 factors that affect the rate of evaporation /
condensation?
What is a U-value?What is the Specific Heat Capacity of a
substance?
Which objects are poor absorbers of
radiation (i.e. good reflectors)?
What is the equation to calculate Specific
Heat Capacity (SHC)?
What is a vacuum?Which type of
radiation can transmit heat in a vacuum?
How is heat transmitted by
radiation?
Which type of materials are the best
conductors?
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1. Temperature2. Surface area
3. Volume4. Material5. Colour
1. Particles in a liquid or gas are heated, causing them to vibrate more
2. This causes this part of the liquid / gas to
become less dense, and then rise to the top
3. This pushes the denser, colder liquid/gas to the
bottom
1. When particles are heated, they vibrate
more2. This vibration causes
nextdoor particles to vibrate more
3. This passes the heat energy down the
object
Black, matt objects
E = m x c x Θ Silver, shiny objects
SHC is the amount of energy required to
change the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1°C
A value which tells you the rate at which energy is transferred
through an object(The lower the U-
value, the better it is at insulating)
Metals As an electromagnetic wave Radiation
A vacuum is when there are no particles
present
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What does the law of ‘conservation of
energy’ say?
What happens to the waste energy created
by objects?Name the 10 different
types of energy
If a lamp takes in 100J of electrical energy, and puts out 40J of light energy, how much energy is
wasted, and as what?
If a laptop puts out 30J light energy and
10J sound energy and 15J heat energy, how
much electrical energy has gone in?
What is the definition of ‘efficiency’
What is the equation to calculate efficiency?
What is the equation to calculate energy transferred by an
electrical appliance?
What two things does the amount of energy
transferred to an electrical object
depend on?
What is the unit of power?
How do you calculate the cost of electricity used by an appliance?
How do you calculate number of electrical
units used by an appliance?
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60J as heat
Heat (thermal), light, sound, magnetic, elastic potential,
gravitational potential, nuclear, electrical, chemical, kinetic
It is transferred to the surroundings, which become warmer. It
becomes increasingly spread out.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed,
only transformed
E = P x t(E = energyP = powerT = time)
The proportion of energy supplied that is transferred to useful
energy55J
Units used is the same as energy transferred (kWh), so we use the
same equation:E = P x t
Total cost = units used x cost per unit kWh
The power of the appliance, and the time it’s left on for
(E = P x t)
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Which type of power station has the
shortest start up time?
What are the advantages of pump-
system power stations?
Name the fossil fuels used in power
stations to heat water
Name the nuclear fuels used to heat
water in power stations
What do step-up transformers do?
Put these in order to describe a power
station:Turbine, Heat,
Generator, Steam
Name one advantage and one disadvantage to burning fossil fuels
in power stations
Name one advantage and one disadvantage to using nuclear fuels
in power stations
What is the National Grid?
What do step-down transformers do?
Name 5 renewable energy sources
What are the main disadvantages of
renewable energy sources?
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Uranium and Plutonium Coal, oil and gas
They can store energy not used in slow periods to meet demands in peak
periods
Fossil fuel (gas-fired) power stations have the shortest start up
time
Advantage: do not produce carbon dioxide
or sulphur dioxideDisadvantage: the waste remains radioactive for
years and must be stored safely
Advantage: produce a lot of heat energy
Disadvantage: non-renewable / release
carbon dioxide / create pollution
Heat, Steam, Turbine, Generator
Step-up transformers decrease the current
of the electricity flowing in the power cables in the national grid. They do this by
increasing the voltage. This reduces energy
losses.
Expensive to set up, infrequent production
of electricity, visual and noise pollution,
destruction of natural habitats
Solar, geothermal, wave, tidal,
hydroelectric and wind
Step-down transformers do the opposite of step-up
transformers. They reduce the voltage of the electricity
coming from the national grid by increasing the
current. This makes it a safe voltage for household use.
A Network of power cables and power
stations that produce and transport electricity around the country to homes and businesses
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What is the difference between longitudinal
and transverse waves?
What are compression and rarefaction in a
longitudinal wave?What is amplitude? What is wavelength?
What are crests and troughs in transverse
waves?
Name, in order from smallest wavelength
to biggest wavelength, all the
waves in the electromagnetic
spectrum
What is frequency?Which waves can be
used for communication
purposes?
What is the law of reflection?
What is the Doppler Effect? What is red shift? What is CMBR?
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The length of one wave. Measured from two similar points, e.g.
middle to middle, crest to crest or trough to trough
The height of a wave (from the middle).
Shows the volume of a sound wave.
Compression: the part of the wave where
particles are squashed together
Rarefaction: the part of a wave where particles
are spread out
Longitudinal waves: oscillations are at right
angles to the direction of energy transfer
Transverse waves:Oscillations are in the
same direction as energy transfer
Radio, Micro, Infra-Red and Visible
The number of waves passing a point in one
second
RadioMicrowaveInfra-Red
VisibleUV
X-RaysRadio waves
Gamma
Crests are the highest points in a wave.Troughs are the
lowest points in a wave.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. It is radiation left over from the Big Bang that
still exists today.
There is an increase in the wavelength of light coming from distant galaxies.
This means they are moving away from us.
When the wave source moves away from the observer, the
wavelength increases and frequency decreases.
When the wave source moves towards the observer, the wavelength decreases and
frequency increases.
The angle of incidence is the same as the angle of reflection