what is science?. learning target: students will know the terminology used in science. ● science,...
TRANSCRIPT
Learning Target:Students will know the
terminology used in science.● Science, Observation, Data, Inference,
Hypothesis, Quantitative Data, Qualitative Data, Theory, Control variable, Manipulated variable, Responding variable, Controlled experiment
Tuesday 9/9/14
WHAT IS SCIENCE?● Definition:
● Science is a way of using evidence (data/observations) to understand the natural world
● Science that follows a process, which allows for questions to be answered using results (data/observations)
● Errors in the experiment are minimal (controlled experiment)
● List 4 Characteristics:● Testable hypothesis, clear procedure, easily identified
variables, hypothesis answers research question or explains problem
● What is the goal (purpose) of science?● Investigate and understand the natural world; explain
events, and use those explanations to make predictions
WHAT DO WE START WITH?
● A question.
● A problem.
● Some event or phenomena that needs an explanation.
SO NOW WE HAVE QUESTION/PROBLEM…HOW DO WE FIND THE ANSWER?
● Scientific Method (list and explain the steps)● Identify problem
● Write a research question
● Write a hypothesis that ANSWERS the question
● Explain the procedure to test the hypothesis
● Display and explain results, write observations
● Write conclusions of observation and results
●Designing an experiment●Ask a question
●Form a hypothesis (prediction & reason)●If…then…because
●Set up a controlled experiment●manipulated – variable that is changed●responding – variable that reacts to the change●controlled – variables (need 2) that stay the same
●Record and Analyze Results
●Determine if your experiment is reliable and valid.●Reliability -- The results in an experiment are repeatable●Validity -- How well does the data answer the experiment question?
●Draw a conclusion
●Publish/Repeat experiment
I have a problem…
● Problem: My car won’t start.
● Design an experiment to figure out how I can discover why my car won’t start.
● Write a question, hypothesis, and a brief procedure
● What will the results show us? What is our conclusion?
Vocabulary: Chapter 1.1-1.2
● Science, Observation, Data, Inference, Hypothesis, Quantitative Data, Qualitative Data, Theory
● Control variable, Manipulated variable, Responding variable, Controlled experiment
Learning Target:Students will know and apply the
principles of designing an experiment.
Learning Outcome:Complete the Pillbug Lab Write-Up
including drawing of pillbug, graphing, reliability and validity.
Friday 9/12/14
Mr. Maher’s New Pet• In your notes write down what you observe
about Mr. Mahler’s new pet. Be detailed in describing what you see. If you must, draw a picture.
• Share your observations with your neighbor.
• In your opinion is Mr. Mahler’s pet alive?
What is Alive?
• How do you decide if something is alive? How do you know?
• Take a minute and write down your thoughts.
What makes something a living organism?
● Biology is the study of living organisms
● Living things share eight characteristics
1. Living things are made up of cells.
●Unicellular●One cell
●Multicellular●Many cells
●Humans have over 85 different types of cells!
2. Living things reproduce.
●Sexual – 2 different cells unite
●Asexual – single parent, cell divides in half (bacteria)
4. Living things grow and develop.
● differentiation – cells look different and perform different functions.
● Nerve cells, muscle cells, skin cells, liver cells
5. Living things obtain and use materials and energy.
●Metabolism – the building up or breaking down materials to carry out life processes.
6. Living things respond to their environment.
●Stimulus – a signal to which an organism responds.●Examples: Temperature, Light
7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis – the ability to keep internal conditions constant.
Scientific Skills● Things scientists have to be able to do include…
● 1. Observation – gather info in an orderly way.
2. Collect data● Quantitative – numbers● Qualitative – descriptive
● 3. Data allows us to make inferences – interpreting our data using our prior knowledge.
● 4. Hypothesis – An explanation for a set of observations. “educated guess”
After multiple experiments (investigations)….
● When evidence from numerous investigations builds up; a hypothesis may become so well supported that we call it a theory.
● Theory – WELL TESTED explanation that unifies or explains a broad range of observations.
● A testable statement about how nature operates● Many theories are so well established that it is very unlikely that
any new evidence will alter them significantly, but they can be modified and improved
● Examples:
● Heliocentric Theory (Earth revolves around the sun)● Atomic Theory (all matter composed of atoms)● Cell Theory (all living things made of cells)● Evolutionary Theory (organisms change over time)
Microscopes!● A device we use to magnify images we can’t see
with our eyes
● Light – magnify by focusing visible light● Samples are placed on slides to be observed
● Electron – magnify by focusing beams of electrons. Require a vacuum to operate so they can only look at preserved specimens.
● Scanning electron microscope (SEM) – electrons scan the surface. 3-D images
● Transmission electron microscope –electrons shine through a specimen. Internal detail.