what is new in ashrae 90.1-2010 ? - hvac control...
TRANSCRIPT
Krishnan GowriPacific Northwest National Lab.Richland, WA
What is new in ASHRAE 90.1-2010 ?
Learning Objectives
1.
Overview of ASHRAE 90.1 Standard2.
Approved addenda for 90.1-20103.
Energy savings comparison to 90.1-20044.
Current Cx
requirements in Codes and Standards
AIA Quality Assurance
ASHRAE 90.1 – Historical Timeline
90.1-2001 minor revisions
90.1-2004 updates, reorganization
90.1-1999 major rewrite
90.1-1989 updated
90.1-1975 first issued
90.1-1980 updated
1990 2000 20101970 1980
90.1-2007 updates
(courtesy: Mick Schwedler, Trane, Chair 90.1)
ASHRAE 90.1-2010
SSPC 90.1 Work Plan –
June 2007
•
Goal: 2010 Standard to achieve 30% energy savings compared to 90.1-2004
-
may not be met for all buildings types in all locations
Mandatory Mandatory ProvisionsProvisions
(required for most compliance options)
Building SystemBuilding System Compliance OptionsCompliance Options
Energy Code Energy Code ComplianceCompliance
Prescriptive Prescriptive OptionOption
Energy Cost Energy Cost BudgetBudget
Trade Off Trade Off OptionOption
SimplifiedSimplified
Envelope
HVAC
Lighting
SWH
Power
Other
Compliance Approaches
Prescriptive Building Envelope Option
8 Criteria sets for different climate typesSet = single page that summarizes all prescriptive requirements
Insulation levels for roofs, walls, floorsFenestration criteria
WWR ≤
40% of gross wall area
Skylight-roof ratio ≤
5% of roof area
Each envelope component must separately meet requirements
Opaque Areas
ComplianceMeet or exceed minimum R-values in table
Only R-value of insulation, not to include air films, etcOR
Meet maximum U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor for the entire assembly
ORPerform area-weighted average U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor calculations
Only if there are multiple assemblies within a single
class of construction for a single
space-conditioning category
Fenestration
Criteria apply to fenestration, including windows, glass doors, glass block, plastic panels, and skylightsMeet or not to exceed maximum U-factors in tableMeet or not to exceed maximum SHGC in tableUse NFRC ratings or default values in Appendix A
Building Envelope Trade-Off Option
Meet mandatory requirementsEnvelope performance factor (EPF) of proposed building is ≤ EPF of budget building
EPF considers only the building envelope components and is calculated using procedures in Normative Appendix C
Schedules of operation, lighting power, equipment power, occupant density, and mechanical systems to be the same for both the proposed building and the budget building
Software tools ENVSTD and COMcheck available for trade-off compliance
HVAC Compliance Paths
Simplified Approach
Option (§6.3)
proposed HVAC design
90.1-compliant HVAC system
prescriptive requirements
(§6.5)
Simplified Approach
Option (§6.3)
Energy Cost Budget Method
(ECB, §11)
(small buildings only)
mandatory provisions
(§6.4)
HVAC - Simplified Approach Option
Limited to…Buildings with 1 or 2 storiesBuildings < 25,000 ft2Single-zone systems (unitary or split)Air-cooled or evaporatively cooled
The system shall have an economizer, unless the economizer Trade-off Option is used•
Limited to unitary systems•
Requires higher minimum cooling efficiency (EER)•
Trade-off EER by system size and/or climate zone
HVAC - Simplified Approach
Manual changeover or dual set-point thermostatHeat pump supplementary controlNo reheat or simultaneous heating and cooling for humidity controlTime clocks (except hotel/motel guest rooms and systems requiring continuous operation)Interlocked thermostats for separate heating and cooling Exhaust > 300 cfm: gravity or motorized dampers unless operated continuouslySystem > 10,000 cfm: optimum start controls
HVAC Mandatory Provisions
Minimum equipment efficiency •
Package air conditioners and condensing units•
Heat pumps (air, water, and ground source)•
Packaged terminal and room air conditioners•
Chillers including absorption chillers•
Furnaces and unit heaters, Boilers•
Heat rejection equipment
Load calculationsControls
•
Zone Thermostatic and Dead Band, Off-hour, Setback, Optimum Start•
Zone Isolation and Ventilation Fan Controls•
Humidification and Dehumidification Controls•
Freeze protection controls
HVAC system construction and insulationCompletion requirements
HVAC Prescriptive Path
Economizers Simultaneous heating and cooling limitation Air system design and controlHydronic system design and controlHeat rejection equipmentEnergy recoveryExhaust hoodsRadiant heating systemsHot gas bypass limitation
Lighting Compliance Requirements
Exemptions
Mandatory Requirements (Interior and
Exterior)
Controls
Switching
Interior Lighting Power
Limits
Whole Building
Additional Allowances
+
Efficiency
Space-by-Space
Exemptions
Exterior Lighting
Power Limits+
Total Connected
Power
Interior Lighting Power
Allowance<
OR
Tradable
Non-
Tradable
Total Connected
Power
Exterior Lighting Power
Allowance<
Interior Lighting Power - Building Area Method
Used for projects involvingAn entire buildingA single, independent, and separate occupancy in a multi-occupancy building
Gross lighted area is multiplied by allowance from Table 9.5.1Limitations
Insensitive to specific space functions and room configurationsGenerally is more restrictiveDoes not apply to all building types - but “selection of a reasonably equivalent type” is permitted
Interior Lighting Power - Space-by-Space Method
Used for projects with well defined space typesLighting power allowance calculated by multiplying area of space type by lighting power density for that specific space typeAdvantages•
More flexible•
Applicable to all building types•
Accounts for room geometry (e.g., lighting needs of enclosed office vs. open office)
Exterior Lighting Power
Building grounds lighting luminaires over 100 watts must have lamp efficacy of at least 60 lumen/WattExterior Building Lighting Power must meet prescribed wattage limits. Exterior applications divided into 2 categories:
Tradable: allowed wattage may be traded among these applications
Non-Tradable: allowed wattage cannot be traded between surfaces or with other exterior lighting
Addenda Summary
71 addenda since 2004 publication•
45 addenda to 2004•
26 addenda to 2007 (approved through February, 1 2009)
•
11 addenda to Envelope•
32 addenda to Mechanical•
11 addenda to Lighting•
17 addenda to “Other”
(ECB, Appendix G, etc.)
28 characterized as having energy savings•
17 addenda captured in the first six prototype buildings•
5 addenda captured in future prototypes•
6 addenda have savings but are not captured in prototypes
Approved Addenda Highlights
EnvelopeHigh albedo roofsOpaque and fenestration envelope requirementsProjection factor adjustment to SHGCVestibule requirements
MechanicalVAV fan requirements for large single zone unitsAlternate compliance path for water-cooled chillers with high part load efficiency (VFD)Ventilation rates based on ASHRAE 62.1-2004Demand control ventilation requirementsFan power limitations
LightingLighting control credits for automatic lighting controlsAutomatic lighting shutoff in guest room bathroomsFour-zone lighting power density approach for exterior lighting requirements
OtherAppendix-G NormativeRequirements for low-voltage dry-type transformersHeatpump pool water heater requirements
Progress Indicator - Overview
Purpose is to measure progress toward the 30% goal in 90.1-2010 improvement over Standard 90.1-2004
Baseline is 90.1-2004 prototypes71 addenda (approved for publication through February 2009)6 prototypes complete17 climate zones
Preliminary weighting factors assigned by climate zoneNational weighted-average energy savings for each building typeNational weighted-average energy cost savings for each building type
Results are preliminary
First Six Prototypes
Large Office (500,000 sf) Hospital (200,000 sf)Medium Office (54,000 sf)
Mid-rise Apartment (33,600 sf) Non-refrigerated Warehouse (50,000 sf)
Small Office (5,500 sf)
Savings – Medium Office
90.1 Progress Indicator Savings – Summary (April 2009)
PrototypeNational Weighted‐Average
Energy Savings
National Weighted‐Average Energy Cost Savings
Large Office 9.9% 7.1%
Medium Office 11.2% 12.2%
Small Office 8.3% 7.9%
Mid‐Rise Apartment 8.4% 7.8%
Warehouse 5.6% 4.9%
Hospital 3.3% 3.3%
24
Pending Addenda (includes approved unpublished addenda and addenda in public review)
EnvelopePrescriptive requirements revised for all climate zones (Addenda-bb)Continuous air barrier requirementsSkylight requirement
MechanicalVAV fan requirements for large single zone unitsHeat pump requirements to include IEERCentrifugal fan cooling tower limitationPump head calculation requirementPipe sizing and insulation requirements
LightingInterior lighting power density Day lighting requirementsElectric motor efficiency requirements
Envelope Addenda-bb (example comparison of requierments with 90.1-2004 for Insulation Above deck Roof)
Insulation Above Deck Roof Requirements:
ASHRAE 90.1-2004 (Baseline)
ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (proposed)
nonres res nonres res
Climate Zone R-value U-factor R-value U-factor R-value U-factor R-value U-factor
Zone 1 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 20ci 0.048 25ci 0.039
Zone 2 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 25ci 0.039 25ci 0.039
Zone 3 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 25ci 0.039 25ci 0.039
Zone 4 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 30ci 0.032 30ci 0.032
Zone 5 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 30ci 0.032 30ci 0.032
Zone 6 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 30ci 0.032 30ci 0.032
Zone 7 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 35ci 0.028 35ci 0.028
Zone 8 20ci 0.048 20ci 0.048 35ci 0.028 35ci 0.028
Envelope Addenda-bb (example comparison of requierments with 90.1-2004 for Steel-frame walls)
Steel Frame Wall Requirements:
ASHRAE 90.1-2004 (Baseline)
ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (proposed)
nonres res nonres res
Climate Zone R-value U-factor R-value U-factor R-value U-factor R-value U-factor
Zone 1 13 0.124 13 0.124 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+7.5ci 0.064
Zone 2 13 0.124 13 0.124 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+7.5ci 0.064
Zone 3 13 0.124 13+3.8ci 0.084 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+7.5ci 0.064
Zone 4 13 0.124 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+18.8ci 0.037
Zone 5 13+3.8ci 0.084 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+15.6ci 0.042 13+18.8ci 0.037
Zone 6 13+3.8ci 0.084 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+18.8ci 0.037 13+18.8ci 0.037
Zone 7 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+18.8ci 0.037 13+18.8ci 0.037
Zone 8 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+10ci 0.055 13+18.8ci 0.037 13+18.8ci 0.037
Envelope Addenda-bb Savings Analysis (comparison to 90.1-2004 requirements)
Envelope Proposal: Medium Office Percentage Energy Savings
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
1A M
iami
1B Riya
dh2A
Hou
ston
2B Pho
enix
3A M
emph
is3B
El_paso
3C San
_Fran
cisco
4A B
altim
ore4B
Albu
querq
ue4C
Salem
5A C
hicag
o5B
Boise
5C V
anco
uver
6A Burl
ington
6B H
elena
7 Dulu
th8 F
airba
nks
Climate Location
Perc
enta
ge S
avin
gs
Site Energy
Energy Cost
National Weighed‐Average Energy Saving: 6.2%National Weighted‐Average Energy Cost Saving: 6.7%
Commissioning Requirements in ASHRAE 90.1
Completion requirementsDrawings - including location and performance data on all equipment, distribution system sizes, and terminal air or water design flow ratesManuals – including operation and maintenance requirements, calibration information, control sequences, set points, etc.
System balancingAir system balancing – minimize throttling losses, adjust fan speeds of fans > 1hp to meet design flow conditionsHydronic system balancing – minimize throttling losses, adjust pump speed to meet design flow conditions
System commissioningControl systems tested, calibrated and adjustedFor projects >50,000 sf, commissioning instructions provided as per ASHRAE Guideline 1-1996: The commissioning process
HVAC System Compliance Requirement Section 6.7 Submittals
Commissioning Requirements in ASHRAE 90.1
9.4.6 Functional Testing.
Lighting controls shall be tested prior to occupancy to ensure that control elements are calibrated, adjusted, and in proper working condition in accordance with the construction documents and manufacturer’s installation instructions. When occupant sensors, time switches,
or photosensors
are used, the following functionality testing shall be performed:
a.
Confirm that the sensitivity and time-out adjustments for occupant sensors yield acceptable performance (i.e. lights turn off only after space is
vacated). b.
Confirm that the time switches are programmed to turn the lights
off. c.
Confirm that photosensor
controls reduce electric light levels based on the amount of usable daylight in the space as specified.
The construction documents shall state the party who will conduct and certify the functional testing. The party responsible for the functional testing shall not be directly involved in either the design or construction of the project and
shall provide documentation certifying that the installed lighting controls meet or exceed all documented performance criteria. Certification shall be specific
enough to verify conformance.
Lighting controls (addenda–az, public review draft)
Future Cx Requirements in Codes and Standards
ASHRAE 90.1 Mechanical Subcommittee Working Group developing a new proposal on detailed commissioning plan and documentation requirements
IECC 2012 Code change proposals include functional performance testing for equipment and controls
Some of the specific items being addressed:•
Air and water flow rates measured and adjusted to be within 10% of design flow rates
•
Measurable criteria for acceptable performance•
Certificate of occupancy issued only after building owner confirms receipt of preliminary commissioning report
AIA Quality Assurance
Portland Energy Conservation, Inc is a registered provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
