What images come to mind when What images come to mind when you think of the Cold War?you think of the Cold War?

What are conditions like after WWII around What are conditions like after WWII around the worldthe world??

Much of Europe is left in ruins with little Much of Europe is left in ruins with little infrastructure.infrastructure.Japan is devastated from use of the A-Japan is devastated from use of the A-bomb. bomb. Two countries with opposite political Two countries with opposite political philosophies emerge as world powers. philosophies emerge as world powers. Early optimism for cooperation quickly Early optimism for cooperation quickly fades into distrust and fear.fades into distrust and fear. Both countries will spare no expense in Both countries will spare no expense in efforts to spread influence across the efforts to spread influence across the world.world.

The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsAPUSHAPUSH

Essential QuestionEssential Question::How did the increase in Communism after WWIIHow did the increase in Communism after WWII

lead to global issues during the Cold War?lead to global issues during the Cold War?

A New PresidentA New PresidentV.P. Harry Truman is V.P. Harry Truman is thrust into the spotlight thrust into the spotlight when FDR dies in 1945. when FDR dies in 1945. Why were Americans Why were Americans skeptical of Truman’s skeptical of Truman’s ability to lead the nation? ability to lead the nation? Truman had only met with Truman had only met with Roosevelt twice in his 82 Roosevelt twice in his 82 days as V.P.days as V.P. Truman would prove he Truman would prove he was up to the task in his was up to the task in his first few months as first few months as President. President.

Truman had on the job Truman had on the job training in dealing with training in dealing with leaders like Stalin and leaders like Stalin and Churchill. Churchill.

Potsdam and Beyond Potsdam and Beyond p. 845p. 845

Truman’s first Truman’s first meeting with meeting with Stalin was at the Stalin was at the final wartime final wartime conference at conference at Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.Germany.U.S. and Britain U.S. and Britain want free want free elections in elections in Poland and other Poland and other E. European E. European Countries. Countries.

Allied demands of Japan?Allied demands of Japan?

Yalta: Bargain or Betrayal Yalta: Bargain or Betrayal p. 863p. 863

Final meeting of the “Big Three” Final meeting of the “Big Three” Purpose? Purpose? Final plans made for defeat of Germans & Final plans made for defeat of Germans & what would occur to German occupied what would occur to German occupied territory & E. Europe after WWIIterritory & E. Europe after WWIIPoland? Bulgaria & Romania? Poland? Bulgaria & Romania?

Far East/China?Far East/China? Plans laid for a new Plans laid for a new international peace international peace Keeping organizationKeeping organization

What’s The ProblemWhat’s The Problem??What makes the economic and political What makes the economic and political systems of the United States and the systems of the United States and the Soviet Union incompatible? Soviet Union incompatible? Also, lingering resentment over past Also, lingering resentment over past events.events.

Stalin’s relationship with Hitler, Allied refusal to invade Europe Stalin’s relationship with Hitler, Allied refusal to invade Europe in 1944, development of the atomic bomb.in 1944, development of the atomic bomb.

Despite issues, both nations join the Despite issues, both nations join the U.N. in 1945.U.N. in 1945. Yalta was not about drafting formal a Yalta was not about drafting formal a peace agreement, rather Big 3 are just peace agreement, rather Big 3 are just feeling things out feeling things out SpiritSpirit p. 407 p. 407

Welches, mit Deutschland zu Welches, mit Deutschland zu machen?machen?

Germany divided into Germany divided into four zones.four zones.Soviets want Germany Soviets want Germany weak and divided.weak and divided.U.S., France, and Britain U.S., France, and Britain believe Europe will be believe Europe will be more stable if Germany more stable if Germany is reunited.is reunited.1948 Western Zones are 1948 Western Zones are combined into one combined into one nation.nation.E. Germany becomes a E. Germany becomes a Soviet Satellite.Soviet Satellite.

Nuremburg Trials?Nuremburg Trials?

P. 867P. 867

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

American and British American and British officials fly food and officials fly food and supplies to W. Berlin to supplies to W. Berlin to break the blockade. break the blockade. Nearly 30,000 flights over Nearly 30,000 flights over the course of 327 days the course of 327 days brought 2.3 million tons of brought 2.3 million tons of supplies to W. Berlin. supplies to W. Berlin. Flights took off and landed Flights took off and landed every few minutes and went every few minutes and went around the clock. around the clock. Berlin Airlift humiliated the Berlin Airlift humiliated the Soviets and they eventually Soviets and they eventually lifted the blockade.lifted the blockade.

Soviets blockade West BerlinSoviets blockade West Berlin

Containment Containment DoctrineDoctrine

Tired of “babying the Soviets” Tired of “babying the Soviets”

U.S. diplomat George Kennan proposes U.S. diplomat George Kennan proposes policy of Containment.policy of Containment.

U.S. efforts to block the spread and influence U.S. efforts to block the spread and influence of Soviet communism during the late 1940s of Soviet communism during the late 1940s and early 1950s.and early 1950s.

Must stop the Must stop the domino effectdomino effect of communism. of communism.

Containment Containment will guide Truman’s foreign will guide Truman’s foreign policy.policy.

U.S. Containment Efforts U.S. Containment Efforts p. 869p. 869

Truman Doctrine – 1947Truman Doctrine – 1947 U.S. will support free U.S. will support free

peoples resisting peoples resisting takeovers by “armed takeovers by “armed minorities or outside minorities or outside pressures.” pressures.” a.k.a. communistsa.k.a. communists

The U.S. will provide The U.S. will provide economic and military aid economic and military aid to free nations threatened to free nations threatened by internal or external by internal or external components components (communism).(communism).Begins with aid Begins with aid to Turkey to Turkey and Greece.and Greece.Spirit Spirit p. 412p. 412

Marshall Plan - 1947Marshall Plan - 1947 W. Europe is devastated W. Europe is devastated No work, no infrastructure,No work, no infrastructure, millions are homeless. millions are homeless.

The primary purpose of the The primary purpose of the Marshall Plan was to aid Marshall Plan was to aid the economic recovery of the economic recovery of war-torn Europewar-torn Europe Spirit Spirit p. 418p. 418

What’s the catch?What’s the catch?Congress debates for Congress debates for months, what happens to months, what happens to ensure the Marshall Plan’s ensure the Marshall Plan’s passage? passage? Results in Middle East? Results in Middle East?

George MarshallGeorge Marshall

What are the U.S. Containment What are the U.S. Containment efforts trying to prevent? efforts trying to prevent?

What are people afraid of What are people afraid of spreading across the European spreading across the European continent? continent?

Essential Question:Essential Question: How did the increase in How did the increase in

Communism after World War II Communism after World War II lead to domestic issues during lead to domestic issues during the Cold War? the Cold War?

After WWII what / who do Americans fear most of all?After WWII what / who do Americans fear most of all?

• Post WWII Americans fear Post WWII Americans fear that communism is taking that communism is taking over the world.over the world.

• Americans also fear Americans also fear nuclear war with the Soviet nuclear war with the Soviet UnionUnion

Loyalty Review BoardLoyalty Review Board Set up by Truman to do what? Set up by Truman to do what? Investigate and gov’t employees Investigate and gov’t employees

found to be “disloyal”.found to be “disloyal”. What is disloyal activity?What is disloyal activity? 1947 – 1951 the gov’t 1947 – 1951 the gov’t

investigated 3.2 million investigated 3.2 million employees, 212 were fired.employees, 212 were fired.

Nearly 3k resign because they Nearly 3k resign because they feel constitutional rights have feel constitutional rights have been violated.been violated.

The House Un-American The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)Activities Committee (HUAC)

Developed by Developed by congress to search congress to search out disloyalty out disloyalty before WWII.before WWII.

HUAC first made HUAC first made headlines when headlines when began to began to investigate investigate Communist Communist influence in the influence in the movie industry in movie industry in 1947.1947. Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, Ayn Rand Walt Disney, Ronald Reagan, Ayn Rand

among those questioned.among those questioned.

Hollywood vs. Washington D.C. Hollywood vs. Washington D.C. ““RedsReds” in our midst” in our midst

The Hollywood TenThe Hollywood Ten HUAC subpoenas 43 HUAC subpoenas 43

witnesses from witnesses from Hollywood.Hollywood.

Many are “friendly” Many are “friendly” and cooperate with and cooperate with HUAC.HUAC.

10 are “unfriendly” 10 are “unfriendly” refuse to name refuse to name namesnames

Thought hearings Thought hearings were were unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

Results in being Results in being BlacklistedBlacklisted. .

Alger HissAlger Hiss Investigated by the Investigated by the

HUAC, Hiss was the HUAC, Hiss was the first American to be first American to be indicted for spying indicted for spying post WWII. post WWII.

Convicted of perjury Convicted of perjury in 1950. in 1950.

Would set the stage Would set the stage for the future for the future events. events.

Spread of Spread of communist fear communist fear second second redred scare scare..

Who led the charge against Alger Hiss?Who led the charge against Alger Hiss?

Spy ParanoiaSpy Paranoia

USSR detonates A-bomb in 1949, USSR detonates A-bomb in 1949, three years ahead of schedule. three years ahead of schedule.

How did Soviets make up so How did Soviets make up so much ground so quickly? much ground so quickly?

Somebody gave the Soviets Somebody gave the Soviets inside info about America’s inside info about America’s atomic bomb development.atomic bomb development.

Ethel & Julius RosenbergEthel & Julius Rosenberg

Executed for Executed for espionage in espionage in 1953. 1953.

Convicted of Convicted of giving American giving American atomic secrets to atomic secrets to the Soviets.the Soviets.

Rosenberg's Rosenberg's were members of were members of the American the American Communist PartyCommunist Party

Election of 1948Election of 1948► Why did many Why did many

feel Truman feel Truman would not win re-would not win re-election? election?

► Possible Korean Possible Korean War stalemate & War stalemate & 22ndnd RedRed Scare Scare made Truman made Truman seem weak on seem weak on Communism Communism

► Truman Truman overcomes a split overcomes a split in his own party in his own party and defeats his and defeats his over confident over confident opponentopponent

The Cold War Spreads – AsiaThe Cold War Spreads – Asia

During WWII Japan occupies China.During WWII Japan occupies China. Two opposing groups stop a long civil Two opposing groups stop a long civil

war and fight together against the war and fight together against the Japanese occupation.Japanese occupation.

Mao Zedong: Communists Mao Zedong: Communists Chiang Kai-Shek: Nationalists Chiang Kai-Shek: Nationalists What happens after WWII?What happens after WWII?

Essential QuestionEssential Question: : Why did events in Asia and Europe dominate Why did events in Asia and Europe dominate U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War period?U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War period?

Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War What country What country

supports the supports the Nationalists?Nationalists?

United StatesUnited States

What country What country supports the supports the Communists?Communists?

Soviet UnionSoviet Union

Chiang Kai-Shek Mao Zedong

Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War U.S. plays peacemaker from U.S. plays peacemaker from

1944-1947 (still supports the 1944-1947 (still supports the Nationalists).Nationalists).

Truman would not commit U.S. Truman would not commit U.S. soldiers to fight communism in soldiers to fight communism in China.China.

1949 Communists defeat 1949 Communists defeat Nationalists.Nationalists.

Where do Chiang Kai-Shek and Where do Chiang Kai-Shek and Nationalists flee to?Nationalists flee to?

American Reaction to American Reaction to Communist Take Over of China?Communist Take Over of China?

Communism is spreading!Communism is spreading! Containment policy had failed. Containment policy had failed. Shouldn’t the U.S. contain Shouldn’t the U.S. contain

Communism in Asia just as it had Communism in Asia just as it had in Europe?in Europe?

How does this make Truman look How does this make Truman look in dealing with Communism?in dealing with Communism?

Japan controls Korea from 1910 – Japan controls Korea from 1910 – 1945.1945.

As WWII ends who do Japanese troops As WWII ends who do Japanese troops in the North of Korea surrender to? in the North of Korea surrender to? The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union

What about in the South of Korea?What about in the South of Korea?The United StatesThe United States

After these occupying troops leave After these occupying troops leave who claims the right to rule all of who claims the right to rule all of Korea?Korea?Both North & South Claim the right to rule Both North & South Claim the right to rule KoreaKorea

KoreaKorea3838thth Parallel? Parallel?

3838thth Parallel Parallel After WWII U.S. & After WWII U.S. &

U.S.S.R. withdraw U.S.S.R. withdraw troops from Korea. troops from Korea.

Line that divides Line that divides Korea at 38 Korea at 38 degrees north degrees north latitude.latitude.

Not intended as a Not intended as a permanent permanent boundary. boundary.

North vs. SouthNorth vs. South

North Korea attacks South Korea North Korea attacks South Korea in 1950. in 1950.

What is the reaction in America?What is the reaction in America?Americans are afraid that Americans are afraid that Communism is spreading around the Communism is spreading around the worldworld

Will the United States sit back Will the United States sit back and let another country fall to and let another country fall to Communism? Communism? SpiritSpirit p. 425 p. 425

The Korean WarThe Korean War1950-19531950-1953

U.N. Security council passes U.N. Security council passes American resolution to help S. American resolution to help S. Korea.Korea.

Role of the Soviet Union? Role of the Soviet Union? 520,000 U.N. troops join the 520,000 U.N. troops join the

fight – 90% are American.fight – 90% are American. Who is at the command of these Who is at the command of these

forces? forces? General Douglas MacArthurGeneral Douglas MacArthur

The Korean WarThe Korean War

Which side has the Which side has the initial advantage?initial advantage?

N. Korea to quickly N. Korea to quickly takes the city of takes the city of Seoul.Seoul.

MacArthur launches MacArthur launches a counterattack a counterattack with tanks and with tanks and fresh troops from fresh troops from the U.S.the U.S.

U.S. troops land behind enemy lines at U.S. troops land behind enemy lines at Inchon. Troops meet in the middle and Inchon. Troops meet in the middle and surround North Koreans.surround North Koreans.

Macarthur becomes a hero to the Macarthur becomes a hero to the American public.American public. Goal is met , what next? Goal is met , what next?

P. 878P. 878

Shift from defense to offense?Shift from defense to offense?

October 1950: U.N. wants Macarthur October 1950: U.N. wants Macarthur to cross 38to cross 38thth parallel and reunite parallel and reunite Korea. Korea.

China threatens action if Americans China threatens action if Americans come to the border of Korea and come to the border of Korea and China.China.

Macarthur dismisses the threat, Macarthur dismisses the threat, advances troops into N. Korea close advances troops into N. Korea close to Chinese border believes the to Chinese border believes the conflict will end quicklyconflict will end quickly

The China SyndromeThe China Syndrome

In late November 300,000 In late November 300,000 Chinese troops pour across the Chinese troops pour across the border into N. Korea.border into N. Korea.

U.N. forces must retreat back U.N. forces must retreat back below 38below 38thth parallel. parallel.

For the next two years both sides For the next two years both sides fight to obtain strategic positions fight to obtain strategic positions throughout Korea. throughout Korea.

War turns into a bloody War turns into a bloody stalemate. stalemate. SpiritSpirit p. 434 p. 434

MacArthur vs. TrumanMacArthur vs. Truman MacArthur wants MacArthur wants

full scale war vs. full scale war vs. China. China.

Use of nukes? Use of nukes? Truman disagrees.Truman disagrees. MacArthur goes MacArthur goes

over the President over the President to try and to try and accomplish goals. accomplish goals.

MacArthur talks to MacArthur talks to press and press and Republican Republican leadershipleadership..

Truman will not Truman will not tolerate this tolerate this behavior. behavior. SpiritSpirit p. 433 p. 433

What happens?What happens? How does the public How does the public

respond?respond?

Gen. MacArthurGen. MacArthur President TrumanPresident Truman

Effects of StalemateEffects of Stalemate Korean War ends in a stalemateKorean War ends in a stalemate Lasting effects of the Korean War:Lasting effects of the Korean War: North Koreans pushed back.North Koreans pushed back. Communism contained without a Communism contained without a

world war or the use of nukes. world war or the use of nukes. Increased fear of Communist Increased fear of Communist

aggression across the world, aggression across the world, especially within the U.S.especially within the U.S.

Korea is still divided. Korea is still divided. 54,000 American lives lost, war costs 54,000 American lives lost, war costs

$22 billion.$22 billion.