change your mind coach and captain …positivesportscoaching.com/.../2018/05/mind-games_.pdfi think...

1
Is it time for a positive pep talk? WORDS CHELSEA ROFFEY T ough love has its place, but if self- criticism is weighing you down more than your bench press PB, it might be time to flip your perspective. Positive emotions are shown to boost physical and psychological health, and the Positive Psychology Institute says “the scientific study of human flourishing” that promotes strengths and virtues helps individuals and communities to thrive. Nonetheless, positive psychology attracts its fair share of critics who claim it feeds into an idealistic Western culture obsessed with the pursuit of happiness. But Matthew Scholes, an expert in positive sports coaching who has worked with the Australian Sports Commission and the Oceania National Olympic Committees, says the belief that positive psychology shuns difficult feelings is misleading. “Positive psychology is not about being happy all the time,” he says. “It’s not the absence of problems or negative emotions, but your ability to cope with them.” Scholes educates coaches in positive psychology techniques and has found that a more optimistic approach enhances athlete wellbeing and leads to better performance, especially under pressure. He says learning to emphasise the positives can actually make you tougher, transforming limiting beliefs into long-term results. not influence their long-term health goals, or an “off” day does not represent stalled progress. Past challenges and results do not negatively affect their future performance. “They shift their thinking so that one thing going wrong doesn’t mean this will always go wrong, or that other things will also go wrong for them,” says Scholes. “The average person in the gym often thinks they should be improving every week and should be stronger every session. If you’re always looking for improvement and you don’t get it, it can sometimes become a catastrophe. Not every session is going to be great [but] that’s okay because overall, you’ll still improve.” Scholes says that training to identify the good things not only gives you a more balanced view of life; it has flow-on effects: “The data shows that people who have an optimistic explanatory style live longer, are less likely to get sick (and if they do get sick, they’re more likely to get over it if it’s a serious illness), they earn more money, and have higher GPA (grade point average) scores.” CHANGE YOUR MIND Before you assume your pessimism is just another thing to be ticked off about, rest assured that the marvels of neuroplasticity are here to save the day. Even as an adult you can relearn your explanatory style by forming new brain pathways that challenge your negative tendencies. “You can get new wiring in your brain really quickly. It only takes 24 hours to get semi-permanent wiring forming,” says Scholes. “You can [also] unlearn it quite quickly, but the more you do it, the more permanent that wiring is.” People who emphasise their strengths rather than focusing on weaknesses tend to be more accepting of, and less emotionally attached to a single event. They are able to move on from “failure” and focus on their next goal. Perhaps most importantly, learning to think more positively builds reserves of resilience and optimism that serve you when you need them most. “It helps protect you when things go badly, because you know how to cope if you create the wiring for that,” says Scholes. COACH AND CAPTAIN Elite athletes understand that the volume of work they do over a long period of time forms the basis for achieving goals. If they are unwell or rundown, they reduce their training load and accept there will be times when performances stagnate. “It is sometimes better to miss a small amount of short-term training to avoid having to miss longer-term due to injury,” explains Scholes. “When I work with coaches and athletes, we look at what has gone right, and trust that the base work put in during periods where improvement is happening will pay off later on.” In team situations, Scholes teaches coaches to apply feedback that highlights strategies that worked well, emphasising solutions-based tactics for dealing with negatives. Adopting this mindset can help you bounce back from setbacks and focus positively on new goals, too. Add these approaches to your gym inventory: Know your end goal: Is your long-term goal wellbeing, weight loss or increased muscle? Review your training sessions with this long-term goal in mind. Remember the bigger picture. “People eat a cake and think ‘that’s it, I’ve blown the diet’ even though they’ve been great for six months,” reminds Scholes. Be flexible: If you have limited time, adjust your session and be proud of yourself for getting some training in rather than being disappointed for doing less. “If you can’t get to the gym because you’ve got to take the kids to school, don’t stress about that and make it a bigger issue than it is. Go for a walk that day instead,” says Scholes. Contextualise: Focus on what’s happened over the past six months rather than missing a session one particular week. Says Scholes: “Look at how well you’ve done and where you are compared with two years ago. Consider how much higher your aspirations are, which indicates you’ve improved a lot.” Focus on enjoyment: Training should be hard but enjoyable. Keep a journal reminding yourself of the good things. Once a week, write down the five best things you achieved from your training program. REALITY BITES If you consider yourself a natural optimist, we’re afraid to inform you that you’re cheerfully deluded. The fact is we’re all born pessimists, and have evolved with a negativity bias that was once crucial to our survival by keeping us on high alert to danger. Even though it no longer serves us from a life or death perspective, pessimism is a natural part of being human. And while we can’t change that, we can train the conscious brain to look for the good and develop the ability to see things in context. “Every single person in the world has a negativity bias; your subconscious brain is always looking for the negative,” says Scholes. “When we play sport or work out, we’ll remember the things that didn’t work – the shots we missed or that we couldn’t do the last set in the gym. But we forget that we just did 10 sets in the gym, or we just made 10 shots. We remember the bad stuff well and we don’t remember the good stuff so well.” In spite of this Stone Age carryover, your overall perspective is shaped by your explanatory style – the way you explain failure in your head. You have a 50-50 chance of having either an optimistic or pessimistic explanatory style, by virtue of your upbringing. “It’s a skill learned in the first six years [of life],” explains Scholes. “Fifty per cent of us will take a moment in time, define ourselves by it, think it’s going to happen to us all the time and that it affects other areas of our life in a negative way. “If I have a pessimistic explanatory style, when I miss a basketball shot, I’ll say I’m a loser. I’m the sort of person who misses winning shots. I think it’s going to happen again and I’ll also think it’ll affect other areas of my life. So, that’s why my girlfriend dropped me. “One of the reasons people stop going [to the gym] is because they miss one session. They think ‘I’m going to go four times a week’, then they might get sick, miss a couple of sessions and it all falls apart and they stop going regularly. That’s your negativity bias talking because you’re noticing the few sessions you missed, not the 24 sessions you’ve been to in the last three months.” But a person with an optimistic explanatory style will realise that when something goes wrong, it doesn’t define them. Missing a session in the gym does Learn more about mastering a positive mindset at positivesportscoaching.com.au. FEATURE STORY 45 44 fernwood magazine | fit & fabulous fernwoodfitness.com.au

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Is it

tim

e f

or

a p

osit

ive p

ep

talk

?

WO

RD

S C

HE

LS

EA

RO

FF

EY

To

ug

h lo

ve h

as its

pla

ce

, b

ut

if s

elf

-

cri

ticis

m is w

eig

hin

g y

ou

do

wn

mo

re t

han

yo

ur

be

nch

pre

ss P

B,

it m

igh

t b

e t

ime t

o f

lip

yo

ur

pe

rsp

ecti

ve

.

Po

sit

ive e

mo

tio

ns a

re s

ho

wn

to

bo

ost

ph

ysic

al an

d p

sych

olo

gic

al h

ealt

h, an

d

the P

osit

ive P

sych

olo

gy In

sti

tute

says

“th

e s

cie

nti

fic s

tud

y o

f h

um

an f

lou

rish

ing

that

pro

mo

tes s

tren

gth

s a

nd

vir

tues h

elp

s

ind

ivid

uals

an

d c

om

mu

nit

ies t

o t

hri

ve

.

No

neth

ele

ss, p

osit

ive p

sych

olo

gy

att

racts

its

fair

sh

are

of

cri

tics w

ho

cla

im

it f

ee

ds in

to a

n id

ealisti

c W

este

rn c

ult

ure

ob

se

sse

d w

ith

th

e p

urs

uit

of

hap

pin

ess.

Bu

t M

att

hew

Sch

ole

s, an e

xp

ert

in p

osit

ive

sp

ort

s c

oach

ing

wh

o h

as w

ork

ed

wit

h t

he

Au

str

alian

Sp

ort

s C

om

mis

sio

n a

nd

th

e

Oce

an

ia N

ati

on

al O

lym

pic

Co

mm

itte

es,

says t

he b

elief

that

po

sit

ive p

sych

olo

gy

sh

un

s d

iffi

cu

lt f

ee

lin

gs is m

isle

ad

ing

.

“Po

sit

ive p

sych

olo

gy is n

ot

ab

ou

t b

ein

g

hap

py a

ll t

he t

ime,”

he s

ays. “I

t’s n

ot

the

ab

sen

ce o

f p

rob

lem

s o

r n

eg

ative e

mo

tio

ns,

bu

t yo

ur

ab

ilit

y t

o c

op

e w

ith

th

em

.”

Sch

ole

s e

du

cate

s c

oach

es in p

osit

ive

psych

olo

gy t

ech

niq

ues a

nd

has f

ou

nd

th

at

a

mo

re o

pti

mis

tic a

pp

roach e

nh

an

ces a

thle

te

wellb

ein

g a

nd

lead

s t

o b

ett

er

perf

orm

an

ce,

esp

ecia

lly u

nd

er

pre

ssu

re. H

e s

ays learn

ing

to e

mp

hasis

e t

he p

osit

ives c

an a

ctu

ally

make y

ou t

ou

gh

er, t

ran

sfo

rmin

g lim

itin

g

beliefs

into

lo

ng

-term

resu

lts.

no

t in

flu

en

ce t

heir

lo

ng

-term

healt

h g

oals

,

or

an “

off

” d

ay d

oes n

ot

rep

resent

sta

lled

pro

gre

ss. P

ast

challe

ng

es a

nd

results d

o n

ot

neg

ati

vely

aff

ect

their

fu

ture

perf

orm

an

ce.

“Th

ey s

hif

t th

eir

th

inkin

g s

o t

hat

on

e

thin

g g

oin

g w

ron

g d

oesn

’t m

ean

th

is w

ill

alw

ays g

o w

ron

g, o

r th

at

oth

er

thin

gs w

ill

als

o g

o w

ron

g f

or

them

,” s

ays S

ch

ole

s.

“Th

e a

vera

ge p

ers

on

in

th

e g

ym

oft

en

thin

ks t

hey s

ho

uld

be im

pro

vin

g e

very

week a

nd

sh

ould

be s

tro

ng

er

every

sessio

n.

If y

ou

’re a

lways lo

okin

g f

or

imp

rovem

en

t

an

d y

ou

do

n’t

get

it, it

can

so

meti

mes

beco

me a

cata

str

op

he. N

ot

every

sessio

n

is g

oin

g t

o b

e g

reat

[bu

t] t

hat’

s o

kay

becau

se o

vera

ll, yo

u’ll sti

ll im

pro

ve.”

Sch

ole

s s

ays t

hat

train

ing

to

id

en

tify

the g

oo

d t

hin

gs n

ot

on

ly g

ive

s y

ou

a

mo

re b

ala

nce

d v

iew

of

life

; it

has f

low

-on

eff

ects

: “T

he d

ata

sh

ow

s t

hat

pe

op

le w

ho

have a

n o

pti

mis

tic e

xp

lan

ato

ry s

tyle

liv

e

lon

ge

r, a

re le

ss lik

ely

to

get

sic

k (

an

d if

they d

o g

et

sic

k, th

ey

’re m

ore

lik

ely

to

get

ove

r it

if

it’s

a s

eri

ou

s illn

ess)

, th

ey

earn

mo

re m

on

ey, an

d h

ave h

igh

er

GP

A (

gra

de p

oin

t ave

rag

e)

sco

res.”

CHANGE YOUR MIND

Befo

re y

ou

assu

me y

ou

r p

essim

ism

is ju

st

an

oth

er

thin

g t

o b

e t

icke

d o

ff a

bo

ut,

re

st

assu

red

th

at

the m

arv

els

of

neu

rop

lasti

cit

y

are

he

re t

o s

ave t

he d

ay. E

ve

n a

s a

n a

du

lt

yo

u c

an

re

learn

yo

ur

exp

lan

ato

ry s

tyle

by f

orm

ing

new

bra

in p

ath

ways t

hat

ch

alle

ng

e y

ou

r n

eg

ati

ve t

en

de

ncie

s.

“Y

ou

can

get

new

wir

ing

in

yo

ur

bra

in

really q

uic

kly

. It

on

ly t

ake

s 2

4 h

ou

rs t

o

get

se

mi-

pe

rman

en

t w

irin

g f

orm

ing

,”

says S

ch

ole

s. “Y

ou

can

[als

o]

un

learn

it

qu

ite q

uic

kly

, b

ut

the m

ore

yo

u d

o it,

the m

ore

pe

rman

en

t th

at

wir

ing

is.”

Peo

ple

wh

o e

mp

hasis

e t

heir

str

en

gth

s

rath

er

than

fo

cu

sin

g o

n w

eakn

esse

s

ten

d t

o b

e m

ore

acce

pti

ng

of, a

nd

le

ss

em

oti

on

ally a

ttach

ed

to

a s

ing

le e

ve

nt.

Th

ey a

re a

ble

to

mo

ve o

n f

rom

“fa

ilu

re”

an

d f

ocu

s o

n t

he

ir n

ext

go

al.

Perh

ap

s m

ost

imp

ort

an

tly, le

arn

ing

to

thin

k m

ore

po

sit

ive

ly b

uild

s r

ese

rve

s o

f

resilie

nce a

nd

op

tim

ism

th

at

se

rve y

ou

wh

en

yo

u n

ee

d t

he

m m

ost.

“It

help

s p

rote

ct

yo

u w

hen t

hin

gs g

o

bad

ly, b

ecau

se y

ou k

no

w h

ow

to

co

pe if

yo

u c

reate

th

e w

irin

g f

or

that,”

says S

ch

ole

s.

COACH AND CAPTAIN

Elite

ath

lete

s u

nd

ers

tan

d t

hat

the v

olu

me

of

wo

rk t

hey d

o o

ve

r a lo

ng

pe

rio

d o

f ti

me

form

s t

he b

asis

fo

r ach

ievin

g g

oals

.

If t

hey a

re u

nw

ell o

r ru

nd

ow

n, th

ey r

ed

uce

the

ir t

rain

ing

lo

ad

an

d a

cce

pt

the

re w

ill b

e

tim

es w

he

n p

erf

orm

an

ce

s s

tag

nate

.

“It

is s

om

eti

me

s b

ett

er

to m

iss a

sm

all

am

ou

nt

of

sh

ort

-te

rm t

rain

ing

to

avo

id

havin

g t

o m

iss lo

ng

er-

term

du

e t

o in

jury

,”

exp

lain

s S

ch

ole

s. “W

he

n I w

ork

wit

h

co

ach

es a

nd

ath

lete

s, w

e lo

ok a

t w

hat

has

go

ne r

igh

t, a

nd

tru

st

that

the b

ase w

ork

pu

t in

du

rin

g p

eri

od

s w

here

im

pro

vem

en

t

is h

ap

pe

nin

g w

ill p

ay o

ff late

r o

n.”

In t

eam

sit

uati

on

s, S

ch

ole

s t

each

es

co

ach

es t

o a

pp

ly f

ee

db

ack t

hat

hig

hlig

hts

str

ate

gie

s t

hat

wo

rke

d w

ell, e

mp

hasis

ing

so

luti

on

s-b

ase

d t

acti

cs f

or

de

alin

g w

ith

ne

gati

ve

s. A

do

pti

ng

th

is m

ind

set

can

he

lp

yo

u b

ou

nce b

ack f

rom

setb

acks a

nd

fo

cu

s

po

sit

ive

ly o

n n

ew

go

als

, to

o.

Ad

d t

he

se a

pp

roach

es t

o y

ou

r

gym

in

ve

nto

ry:

Kn

ow

yo

ur

en

d g

oal: Is y

ou

r lo

ng

-term

go

al w

ellb

ein

g, w

eig

ht

loss o

r in

cre

ase

d

mu

scle

? R

evie

w y

ou

r tr

ain

ing

sessio

ns w

ith

this

lo

ng

-te

rm g

oal in

min

d. R

em

em

be

r

the b

igg

er

pic

ture

. “P

eo

ple

eat

a c

ake a

nd

thin

k ‘th

at’

s it,

I’v

e b

low

n t

he d

iet’

eve

n

tho

ug

h t

hey

’ve b

een g

reat

for

six

mo

nth

s,”

rem

ind

s S

ch

ole

s.

Be

fle

xib

le: If

yo

u h

ave lim

ite

d t

ime

,

ad

just

yo

ur

se

ssio

n a

nd

be p

rou

d o

f

yo

urs

elf f

or

gett

ing

so

me t

rain

ing

in r

ath

er

than

be

ing

dis

ap

po

inte

d f

or

do

ing

le

ss.

“If

yo

u c

an

’t g

et

to t

he g

ym

be

cau

se

yo

u’v

e g

ot

to t

ake t

he k

ids t

o s

ch

oo

l, d

on

’t

str

ess a

bo

ut

that

an

d m

ake it

a b

igg

er

issu

e t

han

it

is. G

o f

or

a w

alk

th

at

day

inste

ad

,” s

ays S

ch

ole

s.

Co

nte

xtu

ali

se

: F

ocu

s o

n w

hat’

s

hap

pen

ed

over

the p

ast

six

mo

nth

s r

ath

er

than m

issin

g a

sessio

n o

ne p

art

icu

lar

week.

Says S

ch

ole

s: “L

oo

k a

t h

ow

we

ll y

ou

’ve

do

ne a

nd

wh

ere

yo

u a

re c

om

pare

d w

ith

two

years

ag

o. C

on

sid

er

ho

w m

uch h

igh

er

yo

ur

asp

irati

on

s a

re, w

hic

h in

dic

ate

s

yo

u’v

e im

pro

ve

d a

lo

t.”

Fo

cu

s o

n e

njo

ym

en

t: T

rain

ing

sh

ou

ld

be h

ard

bu

t en

joyab

le. K

eep

a jo

urn

al

rem

ind

ing

yo

urs

elf o

f th

e g

oo

d t

hin

gs. O

nce

a w

eek, w

rite

do

wn t

he f

ive b

est

thin

gs y

ou

ach

ieved

fro

m y

ou

r tr

ain

ing

pro

gra

m.

REALITY BITES

If y

ou

co

nsid

er

yo

urs

elf

a n

atu

ral

op

tim

ist,

we

’re

afr

aid

to

in

form

yo

u

that

yo

u’r

e c

he

erfu

lly

de

lud

ed

. T

he

fa

ct

is w

e’r

e a

ll b

orn

pe

ssim

ists

, a

nd

have

evo

lve

d w

ith

a n

eg

ati

vit

y b

ias t

hat

wa

s

on

ce

cru

cia

l to

ou

r su

rv

iva

l b

y k

ee

pin

g

us o

n h

igh

ale

rt

to d

an

ge

r.

Even t

ho

ug

h it

no

lo

ng

er

serv

es u

s f

rom

a lif

e o

r d

eath

pe

rsp

ecti

ve

, p

essim

ism

is

a n

atu

ral p

art

of

be

ing

hu

man

. A

nd

wh

ile

we c

an

’t c

han

ge t

hat,

we c

an

tra

in t

he

co

nscio

us b

rain

to

lo

ok f

or

the g

oo

d a

nd

develo

p t

he a

bilit

y t

o s

ee t

hin

gs in c

onte

xt.

“E

ve

ry s

ing

le p

ers

on

in

th

e w

orl

d h

as a

ne

gati

vit

y b

ias; yo

ur

su

bco

nscio

us b

rain

is a

lways lo

okin

g f

or

the n

eg

ati

ve

,” s

ays

Sch

ole

s. “W

he

n w

e p

lay s

po

rt o

r w

ork

ou

t,

we’ll re

me

mb

er

the t

hin

gs t

hat

did

n’t

wo

rk

– t

he s

ho

ts w

e m

isse

d o

r th

at

we c

ou

ldn

’t

do

th

e last

set

in t

he g

ym

. B

ut

we f

org

et

that

we ju

st

did

10

sets

in

th

e g

ym

, o

r w

e

just

mad

e 1

0 s

ho

ts. W

e r

em

em

be

r th

e

bad

stu

ff w

ell a

nd

we d

on

’t r

em

em

be

r

the g

oo

d s

tuff

so

we

ll.”

In s

pit

e o

f th

is S

ton

e A

ge c

arr

yo

ve

r,

yo

ur

overa

ll p

ers

pecti

ve is s

hap

ed

by y

ou

r

exp

lan

ato

ry s

tyle

– t

he w

ay y

ou

exp

lain

failu

re in

yo

ur

he

ad

. Y

ou

have a

50

-50

ch

an

ce o

f h

avin

g e

ith

er

an

op

tim

isti

c o

r

pe

ssim

isti

c e

xp

lan

ato

ry s

tyle

, b

y v

irtu

e

of

yo

ur

up

bri

ng

ing

.

“It’

s a

skill le

arn

ed

in

th

e f

irst

six

ye

ars

[of

life

],”

exp

lain

s S

ch

ole

s. “F

ifty

pe

r ce

nt

of

us w

ill ta

ke a

mo

me

nt

in t

ime

, d

efi

ne

ou

rse

lve

s b

y it,

th

ink it’

s g

oin

g t

o h

ap

pe

n

to u

s a

ll t

he t

ime a

nd

th

at

it a

ffe

cts

oth

er

are

as o

f o

ur

life

in

a n

eg

ati

ve w

ay.

“If

I h

ave a

pe

ssim

isti

c e

xp

lan

ato

ry

sty

le, w

he

n I m

iss a

basketb

all s

ho

t, I

’ll

say I

’m a

lo

se

r. I

’m t

he s

ort

of

pe

rso

n w

ho

mis

se

s w

inn

ing

sh

ots

. I th

ink it’

s g

oin

g t

o

hap

pe

n a

gain

an

d I

’ll als

o t

hin

k it’

ll a

ffe

ct

oth

er

are

as o

f m

y lif

e. S

o, th

at’

s w

hy m

y

gir

lfri

en

d d

rop

pe

d m

e.

“On

e o

f th

e r

easo

ns p

eo

ple

sto

p g

oin

g

[to

th

e g

ym

] is

be

cau

se t

hey m

iss o

ne

se

ssio

n. T

hey t

hin

k ‘I’m

go

ing

to

go

fo

ur

tim

es a

we

ek

’, th

en

th

ey m

igh

t g

et

sic

k,

mis

s a

co

up

le o

f se

ssio

ns a

nd

it

all f

alls

ap

art

an

d t

hey s

top

go

ing

reg

ula

rly. T

hat’

s

yo

ur

neg

ati

vit

y b

ias t

alk

ing

becau

se y

ou

’re

no

ticin

g t

he f

ew

se

ssio

ns y

ou

mis

se

d, n

ot

the 2

4 s

essio

ns y

ou

’ve b

ee

n t

o in

th

e last

thre

e m

on

ths.”

Bu

t a p

ers

on w

ith a

n o

pti

mis

tic

exp

lan

ato

ry s

tyle

will re

alise t

hat

wh

en

so

meth

ing

go

es w

ron

g, it

do

esn

’t d

efi

ne

them

. M

issin

g a

sessio

n in t

he g

ym

do

es

Learn

more

about

mast

eri

ng a

posi

tive

min

dse

t at positivesportscoaching.com.au.

FEA

TU

RE S

TO

RY 4

544

fern

wo

od

ma

ga

zin

e |

�t

& fa

bu

lou

sfe

rnw

oo

d�t

ne

ss.c

om

.au