• What factors led to the new imperialism?• How did European powers claim

territory in Africa?• How did Africans resist European

imperialism?

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, European powers claimed land in much of Africa.

Chapter 25 section 3: The Scramble for Africa

Imperialism =The domination of European

powers (and US and Japan) over

subject lands in the larger world by

various methods

New Imperialism = The Scramble for Africa

• Not necessarily interested in colonizing• Europeans looked to govern large areas of non-

European people• Motivated by political interests, economic

interests, cultural motives

The Scramble for Africa

New Imperialis

m

• Economic interests= raw materials, slave labor, new markets

• Entrepreneurs expect home countries to support these efforts

• Political interests= Reflected long time rivalry between France and Great Britain, and growing nationalism in Europe

• Cultural interest= Social Darwinism and “The White Man’s Burden”

Cecil Rhodes:

“I content that we are the finest race in the world and that

the more of the world we inhabit the

better it is for the human race… What an alteration there

would be if they (Africans) were brought under Anglo-Saxon influence.”

Social Darwinism?

RACIST VIEW = People of European descent superior to people of African, Asian descent

“The White Man’s Burden”Rudyard Kipling

Cultural Motivations =The White Man’s Burden

“Whatever happens we have gotThe Maxim gun and they have not.”

- Hilaire BellocQuinine?

The French and British gain control of the Suez Canal 1876British remained in Egypt until 1954

Boer War

Berlin Conference 1884-

1885

King Leopold I of Belgium

The Berlin Conference 1884-1885• Coordinated by German (von Bismarck), called for by

Portugal• 14 European nations and the United States were involved:

no Africans were invited• Generally agreed to represent the formalization of the

Scramble for Africa• Organized in response to Stanley’s mapping of the Congo

Basin and to King Leopold’s assertion that the Congo region would be a trade free

zone.

• The General Act of the Berlin Conference proclaimed:

1. The Free State of Congo was confirmed as private property of the Congo Society and

essentially the private property of King Leopold.(because of the terror regime established, it would eventually become a Belgian colony

1908).

2. The 14 signatory powers would have free trade throughout the Congo Basin and the Niger and

Congo Rivers were made free for ship traffic.

3. An international prohibition of the slave trade was signed.

4. Any European country could establish colonies as long as they told everyone, and

occupied previously unoccupied territories.

“The baskets of severed hands, set down at the feet of the European post commanders, became the symbol of the Congo Free State. ... The collection of hands became an end in itself. Force Publique soldiers brought them to the stations in place of rubber; they even went out to harvest them instead of rubber... They became a sort of currency.

They came to be used to make up for shortfalls in rubber quotas, to replace... the people who were demanded for the forced labor gangs; and the Force Publique soldiers were paid their bonuses on the basis of how many hands they collected.” - Belgian Commissioner

(Death toll estimates 3-15 million Africans)

African men were murdered, women were raped and murdered, if they did not fill their

quota of rubber and ivory

World History Notebook Organization!

1. 3 ring binder with dividers2. Dividers labeled as follows: (you already have geography

and Europe Chapters 15, 16 and 18)• Europe

• Chapter 19 section 1 (The Scientific Revolution)• Chapter 19 section 2 (The Enlightenment)• Chapter 20 sections 1-4

(The French Revolution and Napoleon)• Chapter 21 (The Industrial Revolution)

• Latin America• Chapter 7 sections 2 and 3• Chapter 23 section 3• Chapter 25 section 4• Chapter 32 sections 1-3

• Africa• Chapter 10 sections 1-3• Chapter 25 section 3• Chapter 31 sections 1 and 2

50 points: 20 = proper organization20 = neatness, attention10 = complete

All MapsAll HomeworkAll Notes

Start Organizing!!

DUEFRIDAYMARCH25th

The Scramble for Africa

New Imperialism• Economic interests= raw materials, slave labor, new markets

• Entrepreneurs expect home countries to support these efforts

• Political interests= Reflected long time rivalry between France and Great Britain, and growing nationalism in Europe

• Cultural interest= Social Darwinism and “The White Man’s Burden”

European Nations in Africa

• Aided by advances in medicine, weapons, communication and transportation

• Suez Canal influenced Britain’s interests in Egypt

• Belgian king controlled Congo with brutal methods

• Berlin Conference mediated European disputes

• Boer War fought over southern Africa

Resistance to imperialism• Zulu fought the

British (50 hyrs!)but ultimately failed

• Ethiopians defeated the Italians

• Malinke people fought against French rule in West Africa but ultimately failed

• Maji Maji Rebellion was put down by the Germans in East Africa- tens of thousands of Africans were killed

• 1895 = Italians invaded Ethiopia over a treaty

dispute• Menelik II amassed

100,000 soldiers with modern technology• Ethiopians easily defeated the Italians

• ONLY example of an African nation that was

able to remain independent after

European attempt to colonize

Imperialism =

New Imperialism = The Scramble for Africa

Nationalism =