ImperialismChapters 27 and 28

Imperialism- the seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country

Racism- the belief that one race is superior to another race

Cecil Rhodes, 1877

“I contend that we [Britons] are the first race in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race…It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honorable race the world possesses.”

Paternalism- policy in which you govern or provide people with their needs but give them no rights

Assimilation- policy or idea that in time, local populations would adopt the culture of the Imperial Country

Geopolitics- taking land for its strategic location or products

Imperialism in Africa

Chapter 27 Sections 1 and 2

Steam Engine

Steam Boat Willie, 1928

Maxim Gun, 1884

Malaria Vaccine

Berlin Conference (1884-1885)

• 14 European Nations• Laid down the rules for

the division of Africa• No African rulers or

Nations were invited

Imperialism in Africa (1913)

Ethiopia

• The only African Nation that successfully resisted Europeans

• Led by Menelik II

• He played the Italians, French, and British against one another

• He built up a huge supply of modern weapons

Ethiopia-Battle of Adowa (1896)

• Led by Menelik II• Ethiopians defeated the

Italian Forces after they had claimed Ethiopia

• Menelik continued to stockpile weapons to defend off other raiders

Imperialism in the Middle East

Chapter 27 Section 3

Ottoman Empire (1699-1914)

Hagia Sophia

Crimean War

• Russia vs. Ottoman Empire

• Great Britain and France aided the Ottoman Empire

• Russians were defeated• However, war showed

weakness of Ottomans

Egypt

• Great Britain and France were both very interested in Egypt

(Napoleon tried to take Egypt)• The Ottomans eventually

took control under Muhammad Ali

Muhammad Ali

• Broke away from Ottoman control

• Recognized as the hereditary ruler of Egypt

• Introduced a plantation cash crop---cotton

• Brought Egypt into international market

Suez Canal

• Built by Isma’il, Ali’s Grandson

• Opened in 1869• Egypt could not pay off

debts of canal• Britain oversaw

financial control and occupied Egypt by 1882

“Lifeline of the Empire”

Why?

“Lifeline of the Empire”

Connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea

The Great Game

• Struggle between Great Britain and Russia over lands in Middle East

• Waged initially over India

• Afghanistan was the buffer between the Russian and Britain Empires

The Great Game

• 1921, Great Britain formally agreed to not extend into Afghanistan

• The Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact with Afghanistan

1979, Soviet Union invades Afghanistan

Soviet Soldiers

US support Mujahedeen

Soviet Troops leaving Afghanistan, 1988

India

Imperialism: Positive?

Or

Imperialism: Negative?

Read Pages 791-792Also, Read “Letter Opposing the English”

India