what caused the civil war…. so far…what attempts had been made to stop the spread of slavery?...
TRANSCRIPT
What caused the Civil War…
So Far…What Attempts Had Been Made to Stop the
Spread of Slavery?• Slave Trade Agreement at Constitutional
Convention
-stop slave trade 20 years after ratification of Constitution
• Northwest Ordinance 1787 -No slavery north of Ohio River
Invention of Cotton Gin
By Eli Whitney
In 1793
Before/AfterCotton Gin
BEFORE Cotton Gin AFTER Cotton Gin
Before/AfterCotton Gin
BEFORE Cotton Gin AFTER Cotton Gin
9,000 bales
Before/AfterCotton Gin
BEFORE Cotton Gin AFTER Cotton Gin
9,000 bales 4,000,000 bales
Before/AfterCotton Gin
BEFORE Cotton Gin AFTER Cotton Gin
9,000 bales 4,000,000 bales
$5 million
Before/AfterCotton Gin
BEFORE Cotton Gin AFTER Cotton Gin
9,000 bales 4,000,000 bales
$5 million $191 million
Keeping the Balancein the Senate
SLAVE STATES• Delaware• Maryland• Virginia• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia
FREE STATES• New Hampshire• Massachusetts• Rhode Island• Connecticut• New York• New Jersey• Pennsylvania
Original 13 Colonies
6 7
Keeping the Balancein the Senate
SLAVE STATES• Delaware• Maryland• Virginia• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia
FREE STATES• New Hampshire• Massachusetts• Rhode Island• Connecticut• New York• New Jersey• Pennsylvania
Original 13 Colonies
6 7
New States
•Kentucky -1792
•Tennessee - 1796
•Louisiana – 1812
•Mississippi – 1817
•Alabama - 181911
•Vermont – 1791
•Ohio – 1803
•Indiana – 1816
•Illinois - 1818 11
Keeping the Balancein the Senate
Original 13 Colonies
New States
11 11
SLAVE FREE
Compromise of 1820 Proposed By Henry Clay
Missouri - 1821 Maine - 1821
12 12
Keeping the Balancein the Senate
Original 13 Colonies
New States
SLAVE FREE
Compromise of 1820
12 12•Arkansas -1836
•Florida – 1845
•Texas - 1845
•Michigan – 1837
•Iowa – 1846
•Wisconsin - 1848
1515
1849
Would California enter as a slave state or a free state?
What does the Missouri Compromise Line do to California?
Compromise of 1850
North gets California as free state
South gets Fugitive Slave Act
Compromise Compromise 18501850Proposed by Henry Clay
-The Great Compromiser1. California –Free state2. New Mexico & Utah Territory- with
popular sovereignty3. TX and New Mexico border dispute
solved (TX -$10 million)4. NO slavery in Capital- (D.C.)5. Fugitive Slave Law٭٭٭٭٭٭٭
Keeping the Balancein the Senate
Original 13 Colonies
New States
SLAVE FREE
Compromise of 1820
12 12
•Arkansas -1836
•Florida – 1845
•Texas - 1845
•Michigan – 1837
•Iowa – 1846
•Wisconsin - 18481515
•California
15 16
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book Uncle Tom’s Cabin rallied northern opinion against slavery and turned SLAVERY into a moral issue. It was published in 1852.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet B. Stowe
Remember One of the 7 Principles…Popular Sovereignty-Power from the “consent of the governed”
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Overturns Missouri Compromise … “popular sovereignty” on issue of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska Territories
Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854
Bleeding Kansas – over 200 people died in the fight to gain control of the slavery vote in Kansas. Abolitionist John Brown leads attacks in Kansas against pro-slavery settlers.
Lincoln - Douglas Debates - 1858
Series of Seven Debates Illinois Senate Race - 1858
First Debate Ottawa, Illinois, August 21, 1858
Second Debate Freeport, Illinois, August 27, 1858
Third Debate Jonesboro, Illinois, September 15, 1858
Fourth Debate Charleston, Illinois, September 18, 1858
Fifth Debate Galesburg, Illinois, October 7, 1858
Sixth Debate Quincy, Illinois, October 13, 1858
Seventh Debate Alton, Illinois, October 15, 1858
Lincoln made that point that "a House Divided Could Not Stand."
Douglas still advocated “Popular Sovereignty."
Formation of Republican Party
In 1854, the Republican Party forms to stop the spread of slavery. This sent out an alarm throughout the Deep South!
Dred Scott CaseDred Scott Case
Dred Scott was the slave of Dr. John Emerson, a United States Army surgeon. In 1834, Dr. Emerson took him from Missouri to live in free territories of Illinois and Wisconsin. After Emerson’s death in 1843, Scott sued the doctor’s widow for his freedom, arguing that his residence in a free state and a free territory made him free. The case reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which decided in 1857 that slaves were not citizens!
John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry, VA
October of 1859
REMINDER: Lincoln - Douglas Debates - 1858
Series of Seven Debates Illinois Senate Race - 1858
First Debate Ottawa, Illinois, August 21, 1858
Second Debate Freeport, Illinois, August 27, 1858
Third Debate Jonesboro, Illinois, September 15, 1858
Fourth Debate Charleston, Illinois, September 18, 1858
Fifth Debate Galesburg, Illinois, October 7, 1858
Sixth Debate Quincy, Illinois, October 13, 1858
Seventh Debate Alton, Illinois, October 15, 1858
Lincoln made that point that "a House Divided Could Not Stand."
Douglas still advocated “Popular Sovereignty."
Election of 1860
John C. Breckinridge
John Bell
Stephen Douglass
Abe Lincoln
The South Secedes
December 20, 1860
South Carolina is the first state to secede.
The South Secedes
Mississippi - January 9, 1861
Florida - January 10, 1861
Alabama - January 11, 1861
Georgia - January 19, 1861
Louisiana - January 26, 1861
The South Secedes
March 2, 1861
Texas is the 7th Southern state to secede.
The South Secedes
April 17, 1861
Virginia secedes, but West Virginia breaks off and stays in the Union even though it is a slave state!
The South Secedes
Arkansas - May 6, 1861
Tennessee - May 7, 1861
North Carolina - May 20, 1861
The Confederate States
1. Mississippi
2. Virginia
3. Louisiana
4. Florida
5. Texas
6. Georgia
7. Tennessee
8. North Carolina
9. Arkansas
10. South Carolina
11. Alabama
My
Van
Left
First
To
Go
To
NASA!
Border States –5 Slaves States which did not
secede from Union!
Missouri
Kentucky
West Virginia
Maryland
Delaware
The American Civil War 1861-1865
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Abraham Lincoln (Republican)
1860-1865 16th President
Civil War
President Abraham Lincoln
First Inaugural Address
March 4, 1861
Slavery: Lincoln stated emphatically that he had "...no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so."
Use of force: Lincoln promised that there would be no use of force against the South, unless it proved necessary for him to fulfill his obligation to "hold, occupy, and possess the property and places" belonging to the federal government,
Border States –5 Slaves States which did not
secede from Union!
Missouri
Kentucky
West Virginia
Maryland
Delaware
First shots fired in the Civil War on April 12, 1861
Ft. Sumter, South Carolina
April 12, 1861
Edmund Ruffin
Fort Sumter, SCFort Sumter, SC• 1st Shots of the Civil War• April 12, 1861• Federal troops running out
of supplies, Lincoln sent a supply ship
• Confederates attacked the supply ship
Appomattox Courthouse, VA:
Lee surrenders to Grant to end the Civil War on April 9, 1865
Rebels v. Yankees
General of Confederate Army
General of U.S. Army
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
The
Rebels
The Yankees
Abraham Lincoln: Union President
United States
(Union)
Jefferson Davis: Confederate President
Confederate States
(Rebels)
Confederates had Best Generals/Army
• Industry
• Men
• Navy
• Raw Materials
• Railroads
• Other Internal Improvements
• Larger Population
Advantages and Disadvantages Union (North) had big advantages in almost all areas needed to fight a war.
Confederate Soldier – Southern Rebels
• Reb
• Johnny Reb
• Brown Uniforms
• Home made later in the war due to shortages
Union Soldier – North -Yankees
• Yank
• Yankee
• Blue Uniform
Union Generals
• McClellan Sherman Grant
Confederate Generals
• Stewart Jackson Lee
Anaconda Plan
In April 1861 General Winfield Scott came up with the plan, which was basically to blockade the saltwater ports of the South and to stop all commerce on the Mississippi River so no cotton could be exported and no war supplies could be imported.
The strategy was devised to weaken the South without invading it. It was nicknamed the Anaconda Plan because it would strangle the Confederacy the way the anaconda snake constricts its victim.
1861 Union Plan to blockade all Southern ports.
AntietamAntietam•September 17, 1862 •Bloodiest Battle of Civil War•Confederates' first major invasion of the North
•Union 12,000 casualties, including 2,108 killed
•Confederate 2,700 soldiers were killed, and about 10,000 were wounded or missing
Battle of Antietam: bloodiest battle of war … inspired Lincoln to pass the Emancipation Proclamation.
Fighting at Antietam
Abe Lincoln at Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation: Freed slaves in the Rebel states under Union control (not border states). Inspired Northerners to continue fighting.
GettysburgGettysburg•Turning Point of the Civil War•July 1-3, 1863•Confederates' second and last major invasion of the North
•Union Army- 23,000 casualties•Confederates- 25,000 casualties
Gettysburg
(Pennsylvania) was the turning point in the war-July 1863
Union Victory
Vicksburg (Mississippi) gave Union control of the Mississippi River. Cut Confederacy in half. Union Victory.
July 4th, 1863
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Union Gains During Civil War
Fighting at Gettysburg
Casualties at Gettysburg
1913 Veterans of Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg Address
ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE DEDICATIONOF THE CEMETERY AT GETTYSBURG
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…
…God shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.
Sherman’s March to the Sea - 1864
On the 26th of December, Sherman wrote to President Lincoln: " I beg to present to you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah,”
Sherman’s Army marched from Atlanta to Savannah in November and December of 1864 – a march of 200 miles burning a 60-mile wide strip through the South!
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Union Gains During Civil War
Appomattox Courthouse, VA:
Lee surrenders to Grant to end the Civil War on April 9, 1865
The Andersonville Nightmare
The military prison at Andersonville was one of the largest Confederate military prisons during the Civil War.
During the 14 months the prison existed, more than 45,000 Union soldiers were confined here. Of these, almost 13,000 died here.
The Andersonville Nightmare
54th MassachusettsThe 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was one of the most celebrated regiments of black soldiers that fought in the Civil War.
Known simply as "the 54th," this regiment became famous after the heroic, but ill-fated, assault on Fort Wagner, South Carolina.
The 1989 film Glory tells the story of the 54th.
Philip Bazaar
Seaman Philip Bazaar, born in Chile, South America, was a Navy seaman who was awarded the United States' highest military decoration for valor in combat — the Medal of Honor— for having distinguished himself during the battle for Fort Fisher during the Civil War.
William Carney
William Harvey Carney was an African-American soldier during the Civil War serving with the 54th Massachusetts.
Carney was the first African American to receive the Medal of Honor.
He received the Medal Of Honor for his actions during the CW Battle of Ft. Wagner … saving the American flag and planting it on the parapet despite being wounded several times.
Habeas Corpus
Lincoln ordered the suspension of Habeas Corpus (courts) in 1861
Lincoln said, “Must I shoot a simple-minded soldier boy who deserts while I must not touch a hair of a wily agitator who induces him to desert?” - that is how Lincoln justified Habeas Corpus
Appomattox Courthouse, VA:
Lee surrenders to Grant to end the Civil War on April 9, 1865
Manpower - Available Men Who Fought
NORTH
22 million = Total population
-11 million women
-5 million children
6 million men available to fight
3 million men fought in CW
50% of available men in the North fought for the Union
Manpower - Available Men Who Fought
SOUTH
10 million = Total population
- 4 million slaves
-3 million women
1.5 million men available to fight
About 1.4 million men fought in CW
90% of available men in the South fought for the Confederacy
-1.5 million children
