1. What are the names of the followingcompounds? What functional group does it contain?

H H H-C- C-O-H -O-H ( hydroxyl group) H H Ethanol and it is an alcohol H O-H H H H - C – C – C – C - H H H H H 2-butanol and it also is an alcohol

1. What are the names of the followingcompounds? What functional group does it contain?

H H H-C- C-O-H -O-H ( hydroxyl group) H H Ethanol and it is an alcohol H O-H H H H - C – C – C – C - H H H H H 2-butanol and it also is an alcohol

2. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain?

H H H H-C- C-C=O C=O (carbonyl group) H H Propanal and it is an aldehyde H H H H H H - C – C – C – C – C = O H H H H Pentanal and it is an aldehyde

2. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain?

H H H H-C- C-C=O C=O (carbonyl group) H H Propanal and it is an aldehyde H H H H H H - C – C – C – C – C = O H H H H Pentanal and it is an aldehyde

3. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain?

H H H H H-C- C-C- C-C-H C=O (carbonyl group) H O H H H 2-Pentanone and it is an ketone H H H H H H - C – C – C – C – C – C - H H H H O H H 3-hexanone and it is an ketone

3. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain?

H H H H H-C- C-C- C-C-H C=O (carbonyl group) H O H H H 2-Pentanone and it is an ketone H H H H H H - C – C – C – C – C – C - H H H H O H H 3-hexanone and it is an ketone

4. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain?

H H H H H-C- O-C- C-C-H H H H H Methyloxypropane or methyl propyl ether H H H H H H - C – C – O – C – C – C - H H H H H H ethyloxypropane or ethyl propyl ether

4. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain?

H H H H H-C- O-C- C-C-H H H H H Methyloxypropane or methyl propyl ether H H H H H H - C – C – O – C – C – C - H H H H H H ethyloxypropane or ethyl propyl ether

5. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain?

H H H O H-C- C- C- C-O-H H H H Butanoic acid H O H - C – C – O – H H Ethanoic acid

5. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain?

H H H O H-C- C- C- C-O-H H H H Butanoic acid H O H - C – C – O – H H Ethanoic acid

6.Esters-Raw Materials

Esters are made from the reaction between ….

an alcohol and an …. organic acid

6.Esters-Raw Materials

Esters are made from the reaction between ….

an alcohol and an …. organic acid

7.Esters-Raw Materials

Organic acids have a carbonyl and hydroxyl functional group

R-COOH R-C-O-H

O R differs from one acid to another

7.Esters-Raw Materials

Organic acids have a carbonyl and hydroxyl functional group

R-COOH R-C-O-H

O R differs from one acid to another

8.Esters-Raw Materials

Alcohols have a hydroxyl functional group

R-O-H R differs from one to another

8.Esters-Raw Materials

Alcohols have a hydroxyl functional group

R-O-H R differs from one to another

9. Esterfication

Esters form by… dehydration synthesis. Synthesis involves the formation of

water from the reactants. Sulfuric acid is usually used to

catalyze the reaction

9. Esterfication

Esters form by… dehydration synthesis. Synthesis involves the formation of

water from the reactants. Sulfuric acid is usually used to

catalyze the reaction

10. Esterfication

R-O-H + H-O-C-R O What are the products? R-O-C-R + H-O

O H

10. Esterfication

R-O-H + H-O-C-R O What are the products? R-O-C-R + H-O

O H

11. Esterfication

R-C-O-H + H-O-R O

What are the products? R-C-O-R + O-H

O H

11. Esterfication

R-C-O-H + H-O-R O

What are the products? R-C-O-R + O-H

O H

12. Ester Nomenclature

H H H H H H-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- H H H O H H H Name? Name? Ethanol Butanoic acid Ester structure H H H H H H-C-C-O-C-C-C-C- H H-O H H O H H H H Ester Name? By product Ethyl butanoate water

12. Ester Nomenclature

H H H H H H-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- H H H O H H H Name? Name? Ethanol Butanoic acid Ester structure H H H H H H-C-C-O-C-C-C-C- H H-O H H O H H H H Ester Name? By product Ethyl butanoate water

13. Ester Nomenclature

H H H H H H H H-C-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- C- H H H O H H H H H Name? Name? Propanoic acid Pentanol Ester structure H H H H H H H-C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-H H-O H H O H H H H H Ester Name? By product Ethyl butanoate water

13. Ester Nomenclature

H H H H H H H H-C-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- C- H H H O H H H H H Name? Name? Propanoic acid Pentanol Ester structure H H H H H H H-C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-H H-O H H O H H H H H Ester Name? By product Pentyl propanoate water

14. Esters Properties

Can have pleasant odors. They are used as flavorings in cakes,

candies, and other foods and as ingredients in perfumes.

The alcohols and especially the organic acids which make up esters can have very unpleasant odors.

14. Esters Properties

Can have pleasant odors. They are used as flavorings in cakes,

candies, and other foods and as ingredients in perfumes.

The alcohols and especially the organic acids which make up esters can have very unpleasant odors.

15. Halogenated Compounds

F H H H F H-C-C-C-C-C-H H H F H H Name? H H Br H H-C-C-C-C-H H F H Cl Name?

15. Halogenated Compounds

F H H H F H-C-C-C-C-C-H H H F H H 1,3,5-trifluoro-pentane H H Br H H-C-C-C-C-H H F H Cl 2-Bromo-1-Choloro-3-Fluoro-butane

16. Amines H H H H H-N-C-C-C-C-H H H H H H ? Name H H H H-N-C-C-C-N-H H H H H H ? Name

16. Amines H H H H H-N-C-C-C-C-H H H H H H butanamine H H H H-N-C-C-C-N-H H H H H H 1,4 butandiamine

17. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H H H-C-H H How do they differ from each other?

17. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H H H-C-H H The branch off the center carbon

differs.

18. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H H H-C-H H How do these molecules join?

18. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H H H-C-H H The molecules join by dehydration synthesis

19. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H H H-C-H H What are the products of this

synthesis?

19. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O H H-C-H H H Dipeptide

20. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O H H-C-H H H What codes for the sequence of amino

acids in a polypeptide/protein?

20. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O H H-C-H H H DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide / protein.