what are the 6 kingdoms? archaebacteria eubacteria protists fungi plants animals
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What are the 6 Kingdoms?ArchaebacteriaEubacteriaProtistsFungiPlantsAnimals
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We are looking at the first twoArchaebacteriaEubacteria
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Smallest and simplest lifeformsUnicellular (one-celled)no nucleus
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Classification of BacteriaArchaebacteria: extremistsEubacteria:
HeterotrophsPhotosynthetic autotrophsChemosynthetic autotrophs
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Archaebacteria
Live in extreme locations:Oxygen-free
environmentsConcentrated
salt-waterHot, acidic
water
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Eubacteria - HeterotrophsFound everywhereParasites: live off of other organisms
Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers)
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Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs
Photosynthetic: make their own food from light
Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red
ponds, streams, moist areas
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Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs
Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen
Make nitrogen in the air usable Make nitrogen in the air usable for plantsfor plants
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Kingdom Protista(“Protists”)Single-celled or multicellularmore complex than organisms in Kingdom Monera
nucleusprotozoans (animal-like)algae (plant-like)
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ProtozoansKingdom Protistano cell wall or chlorophyllinternal digestionno locomotion (some)
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AlgaeCell wallsChlorophyllPhotosyntheticPlaced in groups according to color and structure
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Kingdom FungiMulticellular; complexcell walls, no chlorophyllThreadlike fungi (bread mold)club fungi (mushrooms)sac fungi (yeast and mildew)
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Kingdom PlantaeMulticellular, cell walls, and chlorophyll
Largest and longest-living things on Earth
Vascular or Nonvascular
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Nonvascular PlantsCANNOT conduct waterExample: MossMoist environment
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Vascular PlantsCAN conduct waterCapable of living in drier areasClub mosses, Ferns, Horsetails, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms
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GymnospermsSeed plantname means “naked seed”Most are conifers
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Angiosperms -Flowering PlantsSeed plantname means “covered seed”Seeds are produced inside ovaries
A ripened ovary is a fruitlargest/most diverse plants
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Sponges (invertebrate)Simplest of the animal groupslives in salt water attached to the bottom
Hollow central cavityTwo layers of body cells with tiny pores
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Coelenterates (invertebrate)Jellyfish, hydras, and coralstwo cell layersLive in waterhollow body with a single opening
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Flatworms (invertebrate)Flattened body; mostly parasitic
one body openingtwo eyespots (light detection)Turbellarians (free-living)Planarians (freshwater Turbellarians)
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Roundworms (invertebrate)Rounded shapedtwo body openings (eating and waste expulsion)
mostly free-livingEx: Nematodes and hookworms
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Segmented Worms (invertebrate)Rounded, segmented bodiestwo body openingshas five hearts and a brainEx: leeches and marine tube worms
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Mollusks (invertebrate)Soft-bodies, no shell: (octopus/squid)
well-developed organssome with shells: (clams/oysters)
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Arthropods (invertebrate)Largest group of animalsmultiple body segmentsjointed appendages (legs/arms)exoskeleton (hard outer covering)
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Arthropods (continued)Well-developed organsinsects, lobsters, crabs, and spiders
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Echinoderms (invertebrate)Spiny skinned animalsstar fish (sea stars), sand dollars, sea cucumbers
flexible arms; tube feetknown for regeneration (ability to grow new body parts)
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VertebratesHave backbonesbody with a head and most have appendages
endoskeleton (internal skeleton for support/protection)
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Vertebrates (continued)Endotherm (warm- blooded); these organisms can control their body temperature from within despite changes in the environment
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Vertebrates (continued)Ectotherm (cold-blooded); body temperature changes with the environment
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Jawless fishesEx: Sea lamprey mouth is used for sucking fluids; no appendages (fins)
flexible skeleton made of cartilage
ectotherms
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Cartilaginous Fishes Two pairs of fins; gillsectotherms strong teeth (sharks)SKELETON MADE OF CARTILAGE
stingrays, skates, sharks
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Bony fishesFlounder, eels, trout, and othersSKELETON MADE OF BONEgillsstreamlined bodies (narrow shape)most numerous group of fish
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AmphibiansFrogs, toads, salamanderspart of their life is spent on land and part of life is spent in the water; (ectotherms)
smooth, moist skingills when they are young and have lungs as adults
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ReptilesAdapted to live on land (terrestrial)
breathe with lungsbody covered with plates or scales
ectotherms
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Reptiles DinosaursTurtles, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and alligators
lay eggs in a leathery shell
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BirdsBodies adapted for flight (light, bones, feathers, and wings)
Scaly legs and feetlay eggs in a hard shellendotherms
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MammalsAdvanced nervous system; highly
developed brainEndothermsHairy bodiescan occupy several habitats give birth to live young; produce
milk mammary glands
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HomeworkStudy for Quiz #6 – Biodiversity and Classification Read Chps. 17 & 19 Pgs. 418 – 439, 466 – 489, “Trafficking in Kidneys” Pgs. 436 – 437, “Denying AIDS” Pg. 486