Digitization of cadastral maps, its integration with computerized R-O-R data

and launching of Bhu – ChitraFor CITIZENS

[AS IMPLEMENTED IN WEST BENGAL]

Details of presentation• Brief on rich tradition of cadastral mapping in West

Bengal

• Digitisation of Cadastral Map

• Computerised services to citizens

• Integrating RoR database with its digitized maps

• Single window mutation service on registration-status

• Achievements

Cadastral mapping & Land Records

• First series of cadastral survey (CS) to prepare village maps & land records covering State, undertaken & completed during District Survey & Settlement Operations of 1888 - 1940

• Revisional Settlement (RS) Operation of CS maps & records conducted during 1954 – 1962

• LR settlement operation to update RS maps & records was started in 1972 and is nearing completion.

Maps are prepared first & then the RORs

Existing LR cadastral maps in West Bengal

• Mauza(Revenue village) wise map sheets containing 1000/1200 plots in big size 120 GSM paper [A0 (84cm X 119cm)/A1 (84cmX59cm) size]

• 68,321 map sheets mostly in scale 1:3960 and rest in bigger scale 1:1980 or 1:990

• Covers all 42042 Mouzas of the State

Computerization of Land Records & maps - status

• Digital keeping of ROR legalised by the State in the year 2000

• Manual certified copy of ROR banned & strictly discontinued

• Employees trained to operate the software to carry out daily business

Computerization of Land Records & maps -status

• Started in West Bengal during 1986-87 with active involvement of NIC, West Bengal .

• NIC developed software, named BHUMI in 1989 & its subsequent numerous versions-latest being BHUCHITRA

• All 36.70 million ROR records are digitally available. 45079 out of 68321 map sheets are digitised & integrated with RORs

• Digital ROR maintained, updated and provided to citizens from all 341 Blocks of WB

Computerised services delivered to Citizens/Departments

• Certified Copies of RORs• Plot information• Plot map (BHUCHITRA) in A4 size

paper• Digital data also provided to other

Government Departments.• All these are paid services with

nominal charges

Data Updation & On-line Mutation

• Updation of land records taken up in 2008-09 and till date 69 (of 341) blocks covered

• Computerised ROR is made at par with the paper ROR and no further correction/operation on paper ROR allowed

• Paper based Mouza volumes are sealed and subsequent corrections/operations done on digital data using BHUCHITRA software

• Entire work targeted to be completed by Dec 2010 considering that the work is complex, time consuming and requires 100% checking

REASONS FOR DIGITISATION OF MAPS• Printed cadastral maps are in A0 size paper and are

difficult to handle and preserve.

• Number of maps printed is not in large numbers and are not easily available to public.

• Problem of storage of these maps in block offices. Locating a particular map also takes lot of time.

• Problem of printing of maps can also be solved by digitization of maps.

• About 15,000 maps found mutilated or torn which is a hindrance in preparation of LR maps. This problem effectively overcome by using map digitization technique

Details of Digitisation• Digitization of cadastral maps and their

integration with text Record of Rights (ROR) data is a very complex and technical work

• Cadastral map Digitisation calls for a very high level of accuracy

• Digitization of map done in 3 Geographical layers i.e. in point, line, area to capture all features in the existing map.

Details of Digitisation• Each plot of land is digitized as a polygon and plot

numbers, symbols, etc. depicted on the map.

• Digitised plots (polygons) updatable based on field measurements

• Software for digitization of map, its integration with R-O-R data developed by NIC, West Bengal.

• Scheme of digitization of maps initially approved by State Govt. in 2007-08 and later approved & fully funded by Govt. of India.

Digitization

Digitization is a process by which Raster Image is converted to a Vector Map

A Digitized GIS Ready Map – Line Work

Components of a GIS ready Map.

A Map is represented in different Layers, in a GIS ready map. All spatial and non spatial features are represented in different layers.

Representation of Map

The most common representation of a map is by using vector data, that consists of points, line and polygons.

Line Layer

Line is stored by the sequence of first and last point together with the associated properties

Area layer (Polygon)

Polygon is represented by a closed sequence of lines. Unlike line or poly-line (sequence of lines), polygon is always closed. That is, the first point is equal to the last point.

Map Digitization Process1. Accurate scanning of paper map 2. Vectorization of scanned Map from RASTER

format.3. Building the layers for the Complete map for

different map and non map features.4. Converting each layer to GIS ready map

format. (SHAPE file format).5. Checking of HARD Copy of the line work

submitted by the Agency with the Original Map.

6. Checking of SOFT COPY of the map with the specifications.

7. Composing the Map and checking the final plotted map from the soft copy with the original map

Role of AgencyRole of Agency1. Scanning of map Sheets

2. Digitizing the sheets in various layers (area, line & point)

3. Attaching respective plot number to each polygon (vectorised plots)

4. Providing digitized data in *.shp format (all layers)

5. Providing non-map features in different *.gif formats (images)

6. Providing one hardcopy for one – to- one matching with the original

Responsibility of the DirectorateResponsibility of the Directorate

Stringent checking of work of the agency to identify any digitization errors, if any, for its correction by the agency

COMPOSITION OF a MAP sheet in its final form from all the files (more or less 36 in all) delivered by the agency

Printing of final map on A0/A1 size paper for final verification using glass table

SCANNING OF MAP sheetsSCANNING OF MAP sheets

SCANNING ERROR MAY COME FROM

POOR PAPER QUALITY

FOLDING OF MAPS

VARIABLE THICKNESS OF PAPERS

DUST ABSORBED IN PAPER

SCANNING ERRORS

Dust Should Be Cleaned From Map

Maps Should Be Kept In A Flat Position With A Pressure On It, So That to avoid Error Due To Folding Of Maps

As Per Variable Thickness Of Papers, Maps may be sorted in different Categories And Setting of Scanner Roller may be adjusted suitably for each categories.

AVOIDING SCANNING ERRORAVOIDING SCANNING ERROR

Map Should Be Scanned In A Calibrated Scanner

The Scanning Should Be At Least In 300 Dpi Mode

A Good Practice To Take A Raster Printing Before Digitizing It, but one should think about the cost

AVOIDING SCANNING ERRORAVOIDING SCANNING ERROR

DIGITIZATION of Line WorksDIGITIZATION of Line Works

Any Raster To Vector Conversion Software Like Auto Cad Overlay, R2v Etc May Be Used

Maps Can Be Digitized Using Automatic Or Semi-automatic Or Manual Mode

During Digitization Raster Should Be Zoomed And The Line Width During Digitization Should Be At Least Six Times Of The Original

Digitize The Line In Such A Way That Each Plot Should Form A Closed Polygon. In That Way It Will Generate The Area Of The Plot

A Good Practice is to set Map In 1:1 Scale And Digitizing In Manual Mode only

DIGITIZATION of LINE WORKSDIGITIZATION of LINE WORKS

ERRORERROR DETECTION PROCEDUREDETECTION PROCEDURE

Hard Copy Checking : By taking a print copy from calibrated Plotter and its one to one matching with the original One using glass table

Soft Copy Checking : Auto checking of individual digitally calculated plot area with its maually calculated value available in ROR

Error Checking Procedure Using Error Checking Procedure Using customised NIC Developed Softwarecustomised NIC Developed Software

1. Compare the digitized mouza area with the Total area recorded in the JL of that mouza with the tolerance of 0.50% up to area of 500 acres and 0.25% for areas above 500 acres.

2. Compare each digitize plot area with the data recorded in ROR with the tolerance as per provision in the technical manual of survey.

Total Area MatchingTotal Area Matching

Here the total digitized area is showing 141.53 Acres where as it is recorded in JL as 141.12 Acres

Each & Every Plot Area CheckingEach & Every Plot Area Checking

Here the red marking plots are erroneous.The count showing the erroneous plots are 37in number.

Generating digital map Generating digital map from 36 files (composed from 36 files (composed map)map)

COMPOSITION OF all 32 files to create finished MAPS WITH ALL ALAMATS & NON-MAP FEATURES (Using NIC-Developed Software)

PLOTTING OF MAPS

After Receiving Error Free Digitized Data following Processes are Required

COMPOSITION OF MAPSCOMPOSITION OF MAPS

TO COMPOSE A MAP IT NEEDS

DIGITIZED PLOT BOUNDARIES

INCLUSION OF 54/92 NON-MAP FEATURES WHEREVER IT WAS IN ORIGINAL MAP

INCLUSION OF PLOT NUMBERS

INCLUSION OF TEXT IN UNICODE FORMAT

INCLUSION OF AUTHENTICATION SEAL, LEGEND, BATA PLOT INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF IMAGE

92 ALAMATHS92 ALAMATHS

TO REPRESENT ALL THE NON-MAP FEATURES ON A MAP, DIRECTORATE OF LAND RECORDS & SURVEYS SELECTED 92 SYMBOLS. SOME OF THE SYMBOLS ARE IN-SITU (LIKE BUILDING) AND SOME OF THOSE ARE NOT IN-SITU (LIKE COCONUT TREE, KUCHA BUILDING ETC)

TO REPRESENT ALL THE SYMBOLS IN A MAP FURTHER IT NEEDS THE POSITION ,WHICH IS TO BE DIGITIZED

DIGITIZATION SHOULD BE IN THE FORM OF

LINE (THAT IS FOR RIVER, RAILWAY LINE, ROADS, PONDSIDE ETC)

AREA (THAT IS FOR BUILDING WHICH ARE IN-SITU, PAN BOROZE ETC)

POINT (THAT IS FOR TRAVERSE STATION, TREE POSITION, TELEGRAPH POST ETC)

92 92 ALAMATHSALAMATHS

INCLUSION OF PLOT INCLUSION OF PLOT NUMBERSNUMBERS

TO DEPICT THE PLOT NUMBER AT EACH PLOT IT NEEDS TO GENERATE THE CENTROID OF EACH PLOT FROM THE AREA LAYER OF THE DIGITIZED DATA.

ANY GIS TOOL MAY BE USED FOR THIS INCLUSION.

UNICODE FONT MAY BE USED TO GET THE PLOT NUMBERS IN THE FORM OF LOCAL LANGUAGE.

FINISHED DIGITAL MAPFINISHED DIGITAL MAP

Quality Control

AGENCY

JOB in Queue

HARD Copy Checking

Soft Copy Checking (*.shp)

Alamat CheckingOK ? OK ? OK ?

DIRECTORATE

Stage-I Stage-IIStage-III

NO NO

NO

Yes

Yes Yes

BHUCHITRABHUCHITRAIntegrated Service Integrated Service

involving Map & ROR involving Map & ROR

What is Bhuchitra?

• Shown above is a map of a single plot with dimensions in A-4 size along with adjoining plots

Main menu of the BHUCHITRA Software

INTEGRATION OF TEXT & SPATIAL DATAINTEGRATION OF TEXT & SPATIAL DATA

SPATIAL DB

LINE, AREA & POINT LAYER OF PLOT & MOUZA BOUNDARY

SYMBOL DB

IMAGE DB

ALAMAT INFORMATION DB

ROR DATABASE

ROR Database

BHUCHITRA software

Interface to select a particular Mouza

Digitised Mouza Map

Zoomed in view of a digital Mouza map

Integrated Map with ROR data

Searching a plot on a map

Plots in a specific range of area

Plots of a specific classification

Plots under Barga

Realisation of NLRMP vision- status of WBAll 222 out of 237 Registration offices computerised where registration is completed on the same day using CORD & DOCUNIC software developed by NIC

Sri Asim Dasgupta, Finance Minister inaugurating Srirampur office

Realisation of NLRMP vision- status of WBcontinued…..

Formar Finance Secretary Sri Samar Ghosh inaugurating Janai Office

Realisation of NLRMP vision- status of WBcontinued….

• All 341 Block Land offices are computerised where computerised certified ROR, plot information service provided

• Data sharing and process re-engineering between two departments (L&LR and Finance ) has been finalized to automate mutation on registration

• NIC started developing the software to integrate BHUCHITRA with CORD to provide single window mutation service to citizen

Benefits of Integration of digitized map with R-O-R data

• Providing BhuChitra to the public in A-4 size paper.

• To study various aspects of R-O-R and map data like extraction of plot area, area under Barga cultivation, Govt. lands, agriculture, water bodies, etc.

• Useful in rectifying the discrepancies that may exist for a particular plot area in the R-O-R and map by ground truthing.

ACHIEVEMENTS

• Till date out of 68321 maps 45,079 maps digitized.

• Updation of land records completed in 69 Blocks & in progress in 40 Blocks

• Integration of digitised maps and ROR data completed for 44500 sheets

• Service of BHUCHITRA launched for the public.

LIVE DEMO OF BHU-CHITRA

THANK YOU