west africa chapter 15. lesson 1 guiding question how have historical events affected the culture of...
TRANSCRIPT
West Africa
Chapter 15
Lesson 1 Guiding Question
• How have historical events affected the culture of Nigeria?
Nigeria
• Nigeria is multiethnic– More than 250
ethnic groups
• English is the official language– Ethnical languages
spoken most
Hausa - Fulani• Fulani conquered Hausa in
early 1800s– Did not force their own
culture on Hausa– Intermarried with each other– Now known as Hausa-Fulani
• Live in the countryside– Cattle herders, farmers, or
craftspeople
• Trade has been important to the Hausa economy for hundreds of years
Yoruba• Most urban of Nigeria’s
ethnic groups– Began building cities
around 1100 A.D.– Each city ruled by a king
• Lagos– One of Africa’s largest
cities– Nigeria’s capital from
1960-1991
• Many live outside of cities today– Farmers, traders, or
craftspeople– Live in compounds
Igbo
• Make a living as rural farmers– Live in small farming
villages– Each village ruled
democratically by a council of elders
• Many Igbo work for Nigeria’s city or national governments
Nigeria’s History
• Europeans began trading for slaves in Nigeria in the late 1400s.– By 1914, Great Britain had
taken control
• Nigeria gained independence in 1960.– Capital was city of Lagos– Moved capital city to Abuja to
unite the people as one nation
• Middle of the country• Many ethnic groups live
there
Tension in Nigeria
• Ethnic groups do not get along– Religion
• Hausa-Fulani are Muslim• Yoruba are Muslim and
Christian• Igbo are mainly Christian
– Tried to form their own country in 1967
– Oil• Nigeria’s number one
export• Companies earn large
profits; people do not benefit
Lesson 1 Guiding Question
• How have historical events affected the culture of Nigeria?
– The Fulani conquered the Hausa and the two groups merged, forming the Hausa-Fulani
ethnic group.
– The diversity of Nigeria’s ethnic groups made unifying the country under one democratic
government a challenge.
• ASSIGNMENT!!!
Lesson 2 Guiding Question
• What factors led to the development of different governments in Ghana?
Ghana
• Called the Gold Coast until 1957
• Colonized by Great Britain– Wanted to control
the colony’s economy
– Exported cacao, used to make chocolate
– Also exported timber and gold
The Colonial Years
• Because they were too busy producing exports, Gold Coast Africans stopped growing food crops– People could not grow
enough food on their own
• Had to import food– Also spent less time
making traditional crafts
• Had to buy factory-made goods from the British
Moving Toward Independence
• African colonies demanded independence during the 1900s– Kwame Nkrumah
• Thought Africans should rule themselves
– Akan• Used to a democracy
– Always chose their own leader
– Chose another if the leader did not rule fairly
Independence Achieved
• In 1957, Great Britain agreed to grant sovereignty to the people of the Gold Coast– Renamed the
country Ghana– Nkrumah became
first president
New Problems Arise
• Nkrumah overthrown by a military coup d’etat
• Why?– Borrowed money to start
new plans– Built conference center
and superhighway– Built a dam with the U.S.
• Problem?– Cocoa prices fell– Country could not repay
its loans
A New Leader
• In 1981, Jerry Rawlings seized power– Ghana’s second long-
term president– Stressed the
importance of hard work and sacrifice
• Ghana’s economy began to grow
Lesson 2 Guiding Question
• What factors led to the development of different governments in Ghana?
– Great Britain colonized the Gold Coast and controlled its economy.
– Eventually, the people in the Gold Coast demanded their independence and formed a government and the new
independent country of Ghana.
• ASSIGNMENT!!!
Lesson 3 Guiding Question
• What factors influence the ways in which the people of Mali make their
living?
Mali’s Environment• Very dry
– Sahara covers one-third of the land
• Sahel– Lies between the Sahara and
the savanna– Two sources of water
• Rain• Water from rivers
• Savanna– One area in Mali that gets
plenty of rain– Most Malians live in the Sahel
or the savanna
The Sahel• People herd animals
and grow food– Grow cash crops as well
• Rains from May to August– Best time for farming
• Tombouctou– Used to be a wealthy
center of trade– Fell off when European
ships started trading along the coast
The Desert Spreads
• Mali has little industry– Trading, farming, and
herding
• Desertification– The change of fertile
land into land that is too dry or damaged to support life
• Reasons?– Overgrazing– Drought
Preserving the Environment
• United Nations formed a committee to stop desertification
• Tuareg– Nomads who lived in
the Sahel– Moved to cities,
settled on farms, and built camps
• Did not have enough water or food
Lesson 3 Guiding Question
• What factors influence the ways in which the people of Mali make their
living?
– Geography influences the ways Malians make a living – they use the resources of the Sahel to raise crops and animals.
• ASSIGNMENT!!!