AP Biology

Welcome to AP Biology Agenda: 8/26/13

Registration Course Expectations Student Info Sheets / Safety Contracts AP Bio info HW – Student Survey

AP Biology

AP Biology Class Expectations found on Durango

Website http://www.durangohighschool.net/ Course Information, supplemental

materials, AP test info go to www.collegeboard.com

Online Textbook/Notes go to http://www.course-notes.org/Biology/Slides/Campbells_Biology_7th_Edition

AP Biology

Course Expectations Signature Page & Safety Contracts due WEDNESDAY!!!1st AP lab is Thurs & Fri

Course Break Down (Learning Objectives) Big Idea 1: Evolution

The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Big Idea 2: Cellular Processes: Energy and

CommunicationBiological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis.

Big Idea 3: Genetics and Information TransferLiving systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes.

Big Idea 4: InteractionsBiological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties.

AP Biology

AP Biology Test Monday, May 12 http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/biology/exam.html?biology

Multiple Choice (63 questions) & Grid-In (6 questions, math) 90 minutes 50%

Free Response (2 Long-FR, 6 Short-FR) 80 minutes + 10 minute reading period 50%

AP Biology

AP Bio Binder a must-have! 3-ring binder (2-inch

or two smaller ones) Loose-leaf paper 16 tabs=AP Biology

Units 2013-2014

1. Experimental Design2. Carbon/Biomolecules3. Energy/Enzymes4. Cells5. Cell Transport6. Cell Signaling7. Cellular Respiration8. Photosynthesis9. Cell Cycle10. Genetics11. DNA12. Protein Synthesis13. Gene Regulation14. Evolution15. Animal Form & Function16. Ecology

AP Biology

Homework – Student Survey On a separate sheet of paper please

tell me about yourself in 1 page. Must include the following: Interests/hobbies/familyPast Science courses How you learn best / learning styleGoals for AP BiologyGoals for your future

Due Tomorrow!

AP Biology

Welcome to AP Biology ~ Day 2 Agenda: 8/27/13

Collect Student Info Sheets/Safety Contracts Review Safety/Sci Method Designing a Controlled Experiment HW –Study of Life Review PowerPoint

Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life Review,

Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design

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Lab Safety Tour Questions?

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The Scientific Method&

Experimental Design

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What is Inquiry?

Begins with observations you make about the natural world, followed by a question. What is causing that?

Use a variety of methods to answer the questions you raise Lab & field investigations, models,

simulations, data sets Scientific method of investigation is

cyclic, not linear…why?

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The Scientific Method:1. Make Observation2. Statement of problem, ask a question3. Hypothesis: propose a tentative answer4. Design & conduct an experiment

(Use quantifiable data math is extremely important)5. Use statistical tests to evaluate the

significance of your results (Χ2 test, null hypothesis)

6. Acceptance or rejection of hypothesis.

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Data Are recorded observations Can be quantitative or qualitative

Figure 1.24

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The Role of Hypotheses in Inquiry In science, a hypothesis

Is a tentative answer to a well-framed question, an explanation on trial

Makes predictions that can be tested

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We all use hypotheses in solving everyday problems

Observations

Questions

Hypothesis # 1:Dead batteries

Hypothesis # 2:Burnt-out bulb

Prediction:Replacing batterieswill fix problem

Prediction:Replacing bulbwill fix problem

Test prediction

Test does not falsify hypothesis

Test prediction

Test falsifies hypothesisFigure 1.25

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A Closer Look at Hypotheses in Scientific Inquiry

A scientific hypothesis must have two important qualities It must be testable It must have the potential of being rejected

"No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, one single experiment can prove me wrong." --- Albert Einstein.

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Designing Controlled Experiments

In controlled experiments we start with two (or more) groups that are as similar as possible and we devise a method to manipulate only ONE variable.

Independent Variable =the variable that is manipulated

Dependent Variable = the response that is measured

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Null Hypothesis The premise that any observed

differences are simply the result of random differences

When quantified observations, or data, are collected, statistical methods are used to calculate the likelihood that the null hypothesis is correct.

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Designing a Controlled Experiment Labs, Inquiry, and Lab Reports are a

HUGE part of AP Biology You may work with ONE partner in this

activity to review the components of a controlled activity. Each student must complete their own booklet.

At the end, you will practice designing your own controlled experiment.

You will have some class time today and tomorrow, Due Thursday!

AP Biology

8/27/13 HOMEWORK Read through the following Biology

Review PowerPoint. Make sure that you

remember/understand EVERYTHING If not, be prepared to ask questions

tomorrow! This material will be covered on your

first quiz!

AP Biology 2007-2008

Study of Life

Themes

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Themes Science as a process of

inquiry questioning & investigation

Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society

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Science as a process of inquiry

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Science as a process of inquiry Built on repeatable observations &

testable, falsifiable hypotheses

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Falsifiable A hypothesis is falsifiable if you can

design and perform and experiment to show you that it is wrong, if it is wrong (meaning, it can be tested).

EXAMPLES: Falsifiable – Increasing the amount of

water given to a plant will increase its growth

NOT Falsifiable – Giving a plant more water will make it

happier.

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Evolution Core theme of biology

Charles Darwin

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Natural selection Evolutionary change is a

product of the process of natural selection

Organisms don’t adapt;

Organisms have adaptations.

AP Biology 2007-2008

"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution."

-- Theodosius DobzhanskyMarch 1973

Geneticist, Columbia University(1900-1975)

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Evolution explains unity & diversity Unity

what do organisms have in common & why do similarities exist? common biochemistry & physiology

evolutionary relationships connected through common ancestor

Diversity but why are there

differences? natural selection adaptations allow different

individuals to survive in different environments

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AP Biology

Organizing systems Making sense out of the diversity Hierarchical

scheme

Eastern gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis

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3 Domains of LifeBacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

EukaryaBacteria Archaea

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Energy transfer Life is an open system

need input of energy energy flows through energy comes in,

energy goes out need a constant input

need input of materials nutrients are recycled

around & around

ENTROPY RULES!DECOMPOSERS RULE, too!

nutrients

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Energy utilization

You think they’re eating…

They’re harvestingenergy!

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Continuity & change Continuity of life is based on heritable

information in the form of DNA DNA – the genetic

material – carries biological information from one generation to the next

You can make more,a lot like you!

TRAIT

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Structure and function The alignment of structure & function is

seen at all levels of biology

organism

cell organelle

organ

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Regulation Organisms need to maintain a “steady state”

in the face of changing conditions Homeostasis achieve this through feedback

monitor the body like a thermostat turn on when it’s needed, off when its not

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Interdependence in Nature No organism is an island standing alone

communities, ecosystems

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Science, technology & society Science & technology must function within

the rules of society ethics

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Themes Science as a process of

inquiry questioning & investigation

Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society

AP Biology

Why study themes of Biology? Biology is an ever expanding body of

knowledge too much to memorize it all need to generalize create a framework upon which to

organize new knowledge themes are the key to understanding

the nature of living organisms

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Homework Be sure to write down any questions

you may have and bring to class tomorrow!

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Agenda: Wed 8/28/13 Collect any signature pages Review Data collection & Graphing Homework – Finish Designing a

Controlled Experiment DUE TOMORROW!

***Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life

Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design

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Data Tables & Graphing Review

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Working with DATA

When you work with data during an experiment, you need to: Make accurate and precise measurements. Account for error in measured values Develop techniques and consistency for

collecting data Understand the units and properties of the data.

Make observations of trends and patterns in the data. Produce visual representation of data, GRAPHS and

CHARTS.

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Working with Data Continued When you work with data during an

experiment, you need to: Use mathematical equations to model

data. Use mathematical models to make

predictions of trends. Test the fitness of models using statistical

tests.

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What type of graph is best/most commonly used in scientific research?

LINE GRAPH!!!!

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Introduction to Graphing Techniques

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Introduction to Graphing Techniques Identify the independent and dependent variable. The independent variable is carefully controlled and

varied by a specific amount during an experiment. It is plotted on the x-axis.

The dependent variable must be measured every time the independent variable is changed during the experiment. It is plotted on the y-axis.

Choose your scale carefully (must be consistent intervals). Make your graph as large as possible by spreading out the data on each axis. Let each square grid on your axis represent a convenient interval. Do not number every grid on your axis.

Plot each point as a dark dot

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Intro to Graphing Techniques cont. Label each axis with the name of the variable and the

units of measure. Using a ruler, darken the lines representing the axis.

Use a pencil and a ruler when drawing the axis for your graph.

Title your graph. The title should be short and clearly state the purpose of the graph. The title could include the independent and dependent variables. General the titles are written as the y variable vs. the x variable.

Use a single sheet of graph paper for each graph. Do not use the back of a sheet graph paper.

If you have more than one graph, number each graph in the upper right-hand corner.

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Introduction to Graphing Techniques

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Introduction to Graphing Techniques Examine the position of your data points.

Observe the pattern the data forms on the graph. From the pattern the data makes on the graph,

determine the type of relationship between the x and y variables.

Most times it will be best to use a smooth continuous line called a “best fit” line.

AP Biology

Drawing a “best fit” line. Your line should go through as many of the data points as

possible. Use a ruler (if the line appears straight) and a sharp pencil to draw a best fit line.

When you draw your “best fit” line and the data points do not all fit on the line, draw the line so that there are equal numbers of data points above and below the line you draw. Try to draw the line so that it comes as close to all data points as possible.

This may result in a line that curves! If it is logical for the data to go through the origin, take your

best fit line all the way to the origin. Draw your best fit line so that it goes a little past your last

data point.

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AP Biology

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Direct Relationship

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Inverse Relationship

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Homework

Homework – Finish Designing a Controlled Experiment DUE TOMORROW!

***Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life

Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design

AP Biology

Agenda: Thur 8/29/13 Collect any signature pages &

Homework: Finish Designing a Controlled Experiment

Mini-Posters Set Up AP Lab 12: Fruit Fly Behavior

***Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life

Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design

AP Biology

AP Lab Investigation 12: Fruit Fly Behavior

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are commonly used for scientific research, most famously in the genetic studies of Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1907.

Lives throughout the world, feeds on fruit and fungi growing on rotting fruit.

Describe where and when you have seen fruit flies?

What environmental factors trigger a fruit fly response?

AP Biology

Animals move in response to many different stimuli:

Chemotaxis = movement in response to the presence of a chemical stimulus

Phototactic Response = movement in response to light

Geotactic Response = movement in response to gravity

***Movements are described as positive (towards stimuli) or negative (against or away from stimuli)

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Lab Groups (3-4…no more!!!!) Design your controlled Animal Behavior

experiment Complete Experimental Organizer

DUE TODAY must be able to gather all materials and have a thorough procedure written before tomorrow’s lab

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AP Biology2005-2006

AP Biology

Mini-Poster Requirements1. Title2. Abstract (one paragraph to sum up the entire lab

experiment)3. Introduction with primary question, background

context, and hypothesis4. Methodology (procedure)5. Results, including graphs, tables, charts, &

statistical analyses6. Conclusions/Discussion, or your interpretations

of your results based on your hypothesis7. Literature cited

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AP Biology

Homework

Lab 12 tomorrow!!! Work on Mini-Poster

***Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life Review,

Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design

AP Biology

Agenda: Friday, 8/30/13

***Quiz 1 will be next WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life

Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design

Complete AP Lab 12, work on mini-poster

AP Biology

HomeworkReview for Quiz 1 which will be next

WEDNESDAY (9/4/13) Covers review materials: Study of Life

Review, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment/Experimental Design

Tuesday you will have 15 minutes in class to complete Lab 12 Mini-Posters, work on for homework