ap biology - montgomery independent school...
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AP Biology
AP Biology
Earth’s biomes
AP Biology
Environmental factors
Abiotic factors
non-living chemical & physical factors
temperature
light
water
nutrients
Biotic factors
living components
animals
plants
AP Biology
Marine
intertidal
coral reef
benthos
AP Biology
Tropical rainforest
distribution: equatorial
precipitation: very wet
temperature: always warm
characteristics: many plants & animals, thin soil
AP Biology
Savanna
distribution: equatorial
precipitation: seasonal, dry season/wet season
temperature: always warm
characteristics: fire-adapted, drought tolerant plants; herbivores; fertile soil
AP Biology
Desert
distribution: 30°N & S latitude band
precipitation: almost
temperature: variable daily & seasonally, hot & cold
characteristics: sparse vegetation & animals, cacti, succulents, drought tolerant, reptiles, insects, rodents, birds
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AP Biology
AP Biology
Temperate Grassland
distribution: mid-latitudes, mid-continents
precipitation: seasonal, dry season/wet season
temperature: cold winters/hot summers
characteristics: prairie grasses, fire-adapted, drought tolerant
plants; many herbivores; deep, fertile soilAP Biology
Temperate Deciduous Forest
distribution: mid-latitude, northern hemisphere
precipitation: adequate, summer rains, winter snow
temperature: moderate warm summer/cool winter
characteristics: many mammals, insects, birds, etc.; deciduous trees; fertile soils
AP Biology
Coniferous Forest (Taiga)
distribution: high-latitude, northern hemisphere
precipitation: adequate to dry
temperature: cool year round
characteristics: conifers; diverse mammals, birds, insects, etc. AP Biology
Chaparral
distribution: coastal mid-latitude
precipitation: seasonal, dry summer/rainy winter
temperature: hot summer/cool winter
characteristics: scrubby vegetation, drought-adapted, fire-adapted, herbivores, amphibians, birds, insects
AP Biology
Arctic Tundra
distribution: arctic, high-latitude, northern hemisphere
precipitation: dry
temperature: cold year round
characteristics: permafrost, lichens & mosses, migrating animals & resident herbivores AP Biology
Alpine Tundra
distribution: high elevation at all latitudes
precipitation: dry
temperature: cold year round
characteristics: permafrost, lichens, mosses, grasses; migrating animals & resident herbivores
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AP Biology
AP Biology
What have we done!
AP Biology
Impact of ecology as a science
Ecology provides a scientific context for evaluating environmental issues
Rachel Carson, in 1962,in her book, Silent Spring,warned that use ofpesticides such as DDTwas causing populationdeclines in manynon-target organisms
AP Biology
Barry Commoner’s Laws of Ecology Everything is connected to everything else
Everything must go somewhere
there is no such place as “away”
Nature knows best
There is no such thing as a free lunch
Laws of Unintended Consequences
AP Biology
Acid Precipitation nitrogen oxides
sulfur dioxide
power plants
industry
transportation
AP Biology Acid rain AP Biology
BioMagnification
Energy pyramid
toxins concentrate
as they move up
the food chain
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AP Biology
AP Biology
BioMagnification
PCBs
General Electric
manufacturing
plant on Hudson
River
PCBs in sediment
striped bass
nesting areas
AP Biology
Carbon Dioxide
Global Warming
AP Biology
CO2
NOx
methane
AP Biology
Ozone Depletion
ozone protects from UV rays
CFCs = coolants
AP Biology
Ozone Depletion
AP Biology
Bad ozone vs. good ozone
ozone in smog
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AP Biology
AP Biology
Deforestation Loss of habitat
Loss of biodiversity
Loss of stability
AP Biology
Loss of Diversity
3 levels of biodiversity
genetic diversity
inbreeding with
shrinking populations
community diversity
mix of species
ecosystem diversity
different habitats
across landscape
All decreased by
human activity
AP Biology
Driven to extinction
AP Biology
Introduced species
Non-native species
transplanted populations grow
exponentially in new area
non-native species
out-compete native species
lack of competitors & predators
reduce diversity
kudzu
gypsy moth
Zebra
mussel
purple
loosestrife
AP Biology
OverexploitationNorth Atlantic bluefin tuna
Loss of food resource for higher levels on food chain
Loss of biodiversity
Loss of keystone species?
Loss of stabilityAP Biology
Fragmented habitat
Loss of habitat
Loss of food resource for higher levels on food chain
Loss of biodiversity
Loss of stability