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1 AP Biology AP Biology Earth’s biomes AP Biology Environmental factors Abiotic factors non-living chemical & physical factors temperature light water nutrients Biotic factors living components animals plants AP Biology Marine intertidal coral reef benthos AP Biology Tropical rainforest distribution : equatorial precipitation : very wet temperature : always warm characteristics : many plants & animals, thin soil AP Biology Savanna distribution : equatorial precipitation : seasonal, dry season/wet season temperature : always warm characteristics : fire-adapted, drought tolerant plants; herbivores; fertile soil AP Biology Desert distribution : 30°N & S latitude band precipitation : almost temperature : variable daily & seasonally, hot & cold characteristics : sparse vegetation & animals, cacti, succulents, drought tolerant, reptiles, insects, rodents, birds

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AP Biology

AP Biology

Earth’s biomes

AP Biology

Environmental factors

Abiotic factors

non-living chemical & physical factors

temperature

light

water

nutrients

Biotic factors

living components

animals

plants

AP Biology

Marine

intertidal

coral reef

benthos

AP Biology

Tropical rainforest

distribution: equatorial

precipitation: very wet

temperature: always warm

characteristics: many plants & animals, thin soil

AP Biology

Savanna

distribution: equatorial

precipitation: seasonal, dry season/wet season

temperature: always warm

characteristics: fire-adapted, drought tolerant plants; herbivores; fertile soil

AP Biology

Desert

distribution: 30°N & S latitude band

precipitation: almost

temperature: variable daily & seasonally, hot & cold

characteristics: sparse vegetation & animals, cacti, succulents, drought tolerant, reptiles, insects, rodents, birds

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AP Biology

AP Biology

Temperate Grassland

distribution: mid-latitudes, mid-continents

precipitation: seasonal, dry season/wet season

temperature: cold winters/hot summers

characteristics: prairie grasses, fire-adapted, drought tolerant

plants; many herbivores; deep, fertile soilAP Biology

Temperate Deciduous Forest

distribution: mid-latitude, northern hemisphere

precipitation: adequate, summer rains, winter snow

temperature: moderate warm summer/cool winter

characteristics: many mammals, insects, birds, etc.; deciduous trees; fertile soils

AP Biology

Coniferous Forest (Taiga)

distribution: high-latitude, northern hemisphere

precipitation: adequate to dry

temperature: cool year round

characteristics: conifers; diverse mammals, birds, insects, etc. AP Biology

Chaparral

distribution: coastal mid-latitude

precipitation: seasonal, dry summer/rainy winter

temperature: hot summer/cool winter

characteristics: scrubby vegetation, drought-adapted, fire-adapted, herbivores, amphibians, birds, insects

AP Biology

Arctic Tundra

distribution: arctic, high-latitude, northern hemisphere

precipitation: dry

temperature: cold year round

characteristics: permafrost, lichens & mosses, migrating animals & resident herbivores AP Biology

Alpine Tundra

distribution: high elevation at all latitudes

precipitation: dry

temperature: cold year round

characteristics: permafrost, lichens, mosses, grasses; migrating animals & resident herbivores

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AP Biology

AP Biology

What have we done!

AP Biology

Impact of ecology as a science

Ecology provides a scientific context for evaluating environmental issues

Rachel Carson, in 1962,in her book, Silent Spring,warned that use ofpesticides such as DDTwas causing populationdeclines in manynon-target organisms

AP Biology

Barry Commoner’s Laws of Ecology Everything is connected to everything else

Everything must go somewhere

there is no such place as “away”

Nature knows best

There is no such thing as a free lunch

Laws of Unintended Consequences

AP Biology

Acid Precipitation nitrogen oxides

sulfur dioxide

power plants

industry

transportation

AP Biology Acid rain AP Biology

BioMagnification

Energy pyramid

toxins concentrate

as they move up

the food chain

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AP Biology

AP Biology

BioMagnification

PCBs

General Electric

manufacturing

plant on Hudson

River

PCBs in sediment

striped bass

nesting areas

AP Biology

Carbon Dioxide

Global Warming

AP Biology

CO2

NOx

methane

AP Biology

Ozone Depletion

ozone protects from UV rays

CFCs = coolants

AP Biology

Ozone Depletion

AP Biology

Bad ozone vs. good ozone

ozone in smog

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AP Biology

AP Biology

Deforestation Loss of habitat

Loss of biodiversity

Loss of stability

AP Biology

Loss of Diversity

3 levels of biodiversity

genetic diversity

inbreeding with

shrinking populations

community diversity

mix of species

ecosystem diversity

different habitats

across landscape

All decreased by

human activity

AP Biology

Driven to extinction

AP Biology

Introduced species

Non-native species

transplanted populations grow

exponentially in new area

non-native species

out-compete native species

lack of competitors & predators

reduce diversity

kudzu

gypsy moth

Zebra

mussel

purple

loosestrife

AP Biology

OverexploitationNorth Atlantic bluefin tuna

Loss of food resource for higher levels on food chain

Loss of biodiversity

Loss of keystone species?

Loss of stabilityAP Biology

Fragmented habitat

Loss of habitat

Loss of food resource for higher levels on food chain

Loss of biodiversity

Loss of stability

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AP Biology

AP Biology

Biodiversity hot spots

Restoration projectsAP Biology

Think Globally, Act Locally

Any Questions??