Web2.0 features in integrated search systems

Digital Libraries à la CarteInternational Ticer School 2009

Tilburg University31 July, 2009

Benoit PAUWELSUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

Brussels

• What is Web2.0?

• Web2.0 in VuFind– Amazon reviews– DI-fusion: mashup with ULB Libraries blog– Social bookmarking with “ShareThis”

• Contextual Web2.0 services

Agenda

• Web1.0– Static web pages

• Web1.5– Dynamic web pages, data coming from databases

• Web2.0– Short answer: reference to a group of technologies:

blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, podcasts, …– Long answer: economics, technology and new ideas

about the connected society– Ergonomic, rich, mashed-up user interfaces– Interaction between end users / a more socially

connected web– Collaboration, contribution, community

• Web2.0 is NOT– a bunch of new web technologies– a new version of the Web

What is Web2.0?

• “If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that is people to people. But that was what the Web was supposed to be all along. And, in fact, you know, this ‘Web2.0’, it means using the standards which have been produced by all these people working on Web1.0.”

- Tim Berners Lee

• Web2.0 is about creating new web-based services and applications using (practically) identical technologies as those that were put in place at the birth of the Web

What is Web2.0?

What is Web2.0?Web 1.0 → Web 2.0OFoto → Flickr

Britannica Online → WikipediaPersonal Home Page → Blog

Publishing → ParticipationContent Management → Wiki

Directories (Taxonomies)

→ Tagging (Folksonomies)

External Links → Syndication

O’Reilly – What is Web 2.0

• 2.0: a buzzword ?

– Media 2.0– Law 2.0– Advertising 2.0– Democracy 2.0– Identity 2.0– Library 2.0

• use of “2.0” technologies (blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, etc…)• Go to where the users are, rather than force then to come to us• Give users opportunities to contribute

– OPAC 2.0– Villes 2.0– Learning 2.0– Search&Find 2.0– …

What is Web2.0?

• Recommended reading

Anderson, Paul. 2007. What is Web 2.0? Ideas, technologies and implications for education. JISC Technology and Standards Watch. Feb. 2007. Available online at: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw0701b.pdf

What is Web2.0?

• RSS –really simple syndication

• Wikis• New Programming Tools:

AJAX, API• Blogs and blogging• Recommender

Functionality• Personalized Alert• Web Services• Folksonomies, Tagging and

Tag Clouds• Social Networking• Open access, Open

Source, Open Content• Screencasting

What is Web2.0?• Commentary and

comments• Personalization and My

Profiles• Podcasting and MP3 files• Streaming Media –audio

and video• User-driven Reviews • Rankings & User-driven

Ratings• Instant Messaging and

Virtual Reference• Photos (e.g. Flickr, Picasa)• Socially Driven Content• Social Bookmarking

• Faceted search experience• Holding information and availability• Tagging / Comments

– Local knowledge base; restricted to community known to administrator of VuFind instance

• Social bookmarking– Using “ShareThis”

• Data mash-ups– Book item reviews– Book cover pages

• RSS syndication– For every search query

Web2.0 in VuFind

Faceted search experience

ILS specific ‘drivers’ for holding information and availability status

Voyager, Aleph, III, SirsiDynix , Koha, Evergreen

Social features: tagging, comments

Social bookmarks

Data mashups: - book covers: Amazon, Syndetic, Google

Books - book item reviews: Amazon, Syndetic

RSS feed per search query

• API requesthttp://webservices.amazon.com/onca/xml/?Service=AWSECommerceService&SubscriptionId=yyyy&Operation=ItemLookup&ResponseGroup=Reviews

&ItemId=0415235243

• XML response contains review(s) for book with ISBN « 0415235243 »

• VuFind PHP code analyzes this XML, extracts the review(s) and presents it in suitable XHTML

Web2.0 in VuFind – Amazon review

…. <Item> <ASIN>0415235243</ASIN> <CustomerReviews> <AverageRating>4.0</AverageRating> <TotalReviews>4</TotalReviews> <TotalReviewPages>1</TotalReviewPages> <Review> <ASIN>0415235243</ASIN> <Rating>5</Rating> <HelpfulVotes>3</HelpfulVotes> <CustomerId>A1SGKLIBZ4L8FX</CustomerId> <TotalVotes>5</TotalVotes> <Date>2006-06-21</Date> <Summary> An Impressive Volume With Critical Essays on Naturalism From a Diverse Field of Scholars </Summary> <Content> This impressive volume contains critical essays on naturalism from the perspectives of theology, ethics, cosmology, ontology, and epistemology. Various Discovery Fellows make contributions including Robert C. Koons, J.P. Moreland, William Lane Craig, and William Dembski. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Koons begins by noting that there is a simple correlation between existence and the requirement of some non-natural first cause. He observes an irony that science thinks it requires naturalism, when our very ability to practice science, due to the orderly, reliable, and predictable behavior of the universe implies a non-natural intelligent cause. Scientific dependence upon naturalism is self-refuting. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Moreland's quotes Plato to reveal that there really is nothing new under the sun: scholars have been debating naturalism for millennia, and naturalists have been ever pugnacious in their insistence that mutual co-existence is not an option. Moreland recounts that the great philosopher wrote in Sophist: &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;"They [naturalists] define reality as the same thing as body, and as soon as one of the opposite party asserts that anything without a body is real, they are utterly contemptuous and will not listen to another word. ... On this issue an interminable battle is always going on between the two camps." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Yet the battle may eventually be over if the cosmological data presented by William Lane Craig has anything to do with it. Craig recounts the history of cosmology from when where scholars celebrated an eternal universe with no beginning or end, to one where the universe either has a "supernatural cause" or "one must say that the universe simply sprang into being out of nothing" (Big Bang cosmology mandates an expanding universe that is finite in both space and time.). Craig recounts the words of one team of scientists: "The problem of the origin [of the universe] involves a certain metaphysical aspect which may be either appealing or revolting." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;William Dembski closes the volume by arguing that naturalism is no more supported by the scientific data in biology than it is supported in cosmology. Irreducible complexity in nature disallows the possibility that life arose via naturalistic mechanisms. It also signifies an intelligent cause that scientists cannot deny any longer. </Content> </Review>

….. </CustomerReviews> </item> </Items></ItemLookupResponse>

• DI-fusion @ ULB homepage contains 5 most recent blog entries of Blogus operandi

• Blogus operandi: – http://blogusoperandi.blogspot.com/– blog entries available as RSS feed

• Create mxml file (FlexBuilder – Adobe)– AJAX request for RSS blog entries– Control number of entries to show, layout, etc…

Compile with mxmlc into a flash document

• Insert HTML <object> element in homepage, loading the flash document

Web2.0 in VuFind – blog mashup

<mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" …>

<mx:HTTPService id="feedRequest" url="http://feeds.feedburner.com/BlogusOperandi?format=xml" …/>

<mx:Panel id="centerPannel" width="260" … title="{feedRequest.lastResult.rss.channel.title}">

<mx:DataGrid dataProvider="{feedRequest.lastResult.rss.channel.item}" …> <mx:columns> <mx:DataGridColumn headerText="Derniers billets sur le blog" dataField="title"/> </mx:columns>

</mx:DataGrid

</mx:Panel >

</mx:Application>

Web2.0 in VuFind – blog mashup

Web2.0 in VuFind – blog mashup

• Insert following JavaScript at an appropriate location

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://w.sharethis.com/widget/?tabs=web%2Cemail&amp;charset=utf-8&amp;services=reddit%2Cfacebook%2Cdigg%2Cdelicious%2Cstumbleupon%2Ctechnorati%2Cgoogle_bmarks%2Cyahoo_myweb%2Cmagnolia%2Cfurl&amp;style=default&amp;publisher=cab05d36-ae42-46db-8dbd-199aea87c990&amp;linkfg=%230066cc">

</script>

Web2.0 in VuFind – ShareThis

• Synchronous/asynchronous Web2.0 services– AJAX: “Asynchronous JavaScript and XML”

• Each Web2.0 service comes with its own API– API Request– (XML) Response

• Process of data mashup– Portal sends HTTP request to Web2.0 service, including

some metadata of the object– Some (simple) XML is sent back from the Web2.0

service to the portal– The portal analyzes the XML and presents the

information in an “ergonomic” way

Integrate Web2.0 in portal

Integrate Web2.0 in portal

VuFind

Catalog

AmazonReviews

Local comment KB

Facebook

CatalogHoldingAndAvail(ISBN)

AmazonReviews(ISBN)

LocalComments(LocalID)

BookmarkOnFacebook(title,permalink)

XML - Catalog

XML – Amazon reviews

PHP construct

• Portal is in full control of which Web2.0 services are delivered to end user. This does not necessarily correspond to what the end user wants:– Against the idea of Web2.0 (« power to the people »)

• Some examples:– Holdings & availability: view holdings of my library– Tagging: create and view tags from a specific

disciplinary KB– Social bookmarking: on specific platforms

• Institution policy favors Facebook• Group of experts use specific platform for peer-to-peer

communication• Desire to “social bookmark” on same platform, irrespective of

which portal used– Comments, reviews: language dependent– Portal specific

• Eg BICTel: show biography of director of ethesis

Contextual Web2.0 services

Contextual Web2.0 services

• www.listio.com/web20• www.econsultant.com/web2

• Metadata of object + context within which this object is used determines which Web2.0 services should be presented to end user

• Context determined through:– Institutional settings– Personal settings

• Set in the portal• Derived from some KB

• Existing standard and technology– Express metadata + context: OpenURL ContextObject

(Z39.88 -- http://www.niso.org/standards/z39-88-2004/)– OpenURL Resolver

Contextual Web2.0 services

• OpenURL ContextObject: 6 Entities– The object:

• Referent– The context:

• ServiceType• Requester• Referrer• ReferringEntity• Resolver

• Each of the entites can be described through– identitifer(s)– metadata, according to registered XML schema– private data

Contextual Web2.0 services

Contextual Web2.0 services

VuFind

Catalog

AmazonReviews

Local comment KB

Facebook

CatalogHoldingAndAvail(ISBN)

AmazonReviews(ISBN)

LocalComments(LocalID)

BookmarkOnFacebook(title,permalink)

XML - Catalog

XML – Amazon reviews

PHP construct

Contextual Web2.0 services

VuFind

My Catalog

AmazonReviews

Nuclear Physics

comment KB

CO {H&A;ISBN}

XML?

CO {Revs;ISBN}

XML?

CO {Comms;ISBN}

XML?

CO {Bkmark;t,pl}

XML?

OpenURL resolver

KB

API1

XML1

API2

XML2

API3

XML3

Contextual Web2.0 services

Portal

My Catalog

AmazonReviews

Nuclear Physics

comment KB

OpenURL resolver

CO{H&A,Revs,Comms,BkMark;

t,pl,isbn}

KB

API1

XML1

API2

XML2

API3

XML3

XML?

• APIx, XMLx– Knowledge of API’s and returned XML must be available

in the OpenURL resolver

• OpenURL resolver analyzes, transforms and merges « XMLx » responses into one « XML? »

• XML?– Proposal: express Web2.0 services for an object as a

ContextObject– Aim: registered OFI Community Profile– Name: OXO - Open Contextual Services for Objects

• 0.2 draft specifications• collaborative effort: TU-NL, TUD-NL, UGent-BE, ULB-BE, VUB-BE• http://homepages.ulb.ac.be/~bpauwels/OXO/oxo.docx

Contextual Web2.0 services

• Metadata format for a referent - expressing services

• Possibilities:– Service

• type– info:ofi/svc:holdings– info:ofi/svc:review– info:ofi/svc:comment– ...

• description (short, long)– Instance of a service

• description (short, long, full)

• full description: – text | external

• transaction: – description (short, long)– action: text | url

OXO<svc> <type authority="info:ofi/svc">holding <shortDescription>Paper holdings <longDescription>…

<svcInstance>

<fullDescription> <text>SILO-NB – P.052403 | ONSITE ONLY | 1(1897)-7(1903) ; 9(1905)-

<external> <format>info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:iso20775

<iso:holdings>…</iso:holdings> <transaction>

<action type="text">Fill out form at circulation

desk

OXO: Amazon review<svc> <type authority="info:ofi/svc">review <shortDescription>Reviews <longDescription>…

<svcInstance>

<shortDescription>Supplied by Amazon

<fullDescription> <text>

This impressive volume contains critical essays on naturalism from the perspectives of theology, ethics, cosmology, ontology, and epistemology. Various Discovery Fellows make contributions including Robert C. Koons, J.P. Moreland, William Lane Craig, and William Dembski…

<transaction> <action type="url“>http://amazon.com/dp/0415235243

OXO: social bookmarking<svc> <type authority="info:ofi/svc">bookmark <shortDescription>Social bookmarking <longDescription>…

<svcInstance>

<fullDescription> <text>Share this on Facebook

<transaction> <action type="url">

http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fbibliography.library.villanova.edu%2FRecord%2F4591&t=Aiding%20and%20opposing%20mixed-convection%20heat%20transfer%20in%20a%20vertical%20tube