mrseatonclass.weebly.commrseatonclass.weebly.com/uploads/3/2/1/7/32178559/16… · web viewhave...

5 Standards for Informational Text Cause and Effect

The Heat Index

Have you noticed that you feel hotter on humid days than on drier days that have the same temperature? This is because not as much water leaves your skin on humid days. The air on these days is already wet or moist. The evaporation of perspiration is one way your body keeps cool. You feel hotter because less perspiration evaporates. The air does not need more moisture. The heat index takes into account the given air temperature and the relative humidity. It is a measure of how hot the air feels to your body. The apparent temperature to your body can be higher or lower than the air temperature. For example, if the temperature is 90°F and the relative humidity is only 20%, your body will feel like it is only 87°F. However, if the temperature is 90°F and the relative humidity is 80%, then the heat index is 113°F. The heat index can have an effect on your body. High heat indexes can cause fatigue, heat exhaustion, and even death from heatstroke. Be careful when you exercise on humid days. However, wind, even on humid days, helps perspiration evaporate. This can help lower the heat index.from SRA Real Science

1. What causes your body to feel warmer on humid days than dry days?

A. The air temperature is hotter on humid days.B. Your body produces more sweat.C. Perspiration can evaporate quickly from your body.D. Only a little perspiration evaporates from your skin.

2. Which weather factor may cause heat exhaustion?

A. high heat indexB. fatigueC. high windsD. low heat index

3. What can cause the heat index to lower?

A. heatstrokeB. windC. heat exhaustionD. fatigue

1


Crane fly

Crane flies are long-legged flying insects found all over the world. They live in damp climates. They look most like large mosquitoes. This causes some people to think that they bite humans. In real life, crane flies feed on mosquito larvae. This has earned them the name "mosquito eater." Surprisingly though, dragonflies are the insects that do the most damage to mosquitoes. Adult dragonflies are able to locate and catch their prey in mid-flight. The nymphs, or young dragonflies, eat mosquito larvae. Both dragonflies and crane flies are called "mosquito hawks." However, only dragonflies truly deserve the name.

4. What causes people to think that crane flies bite humans?

A. They enjoy eating mosquitoes.B. They look like oversized mosquitoes.C. They are called mosquito eaters.D. They share qualities with dragonflies.

5. What causes dragonflies to be deadlier to mosquitoes than crane flies?

A. Crane flies only eat adult mosquitoes, not the larvae.B. Both the adult dragonflies and nymphs feed on mosquitoes.C.Mosquitoes feed on crane fly nymphs, not dragonfly nymphs.D. The adult dragonflies eat crane flies and mosquitoes.

6. The Civil War The Civil War took place from 1861 to 1865 in the United States. The North and South were divided. The North thought slavery should be illegal. The South wanted the right to keep slaves. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. That document stated that all southern slaves were to be set free. However, the South continued to resist and kept fighting the North. One of the Civil War's most famous battles is the Battle of Gettysburg. It took place in July of 1863. The battle marks the only time the South attempted to invade the North. The North managed to get all of the southern troops back

2


onto southern land. However, more than 46,000 people were killed, wounded, or captured during the battle. Historians consider the Battle of Gettysburg to be the turning point of the war. In November of 1864, General William T. Sherman from the North marched on the South. Known as Sherman's "March to Sea," he and his men ordered the people of Atlanta, Georgia, to leave the city. The northern army then burned the city to the ground and marched toward the coast to the town of Savannah, destroying property along the way. Sherman's actions showed Southerners that the North would not give up. The last battle of the Civil War took place in April of 1865 near the town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Confederate General Robert E. Lee was forced to surrender when he and his men were surrounded by Northern troops. The surrender took place on April 9, 1865, marking the end of the war and a victory for the North.

Directions: Type your response in the box.Explain how the events in the passage lead to the North winning the Civil War. Use details from the passage to support your response.

Donkeys have a natural dislike for coyotes and wolves. They make a loud sound when they sense the presence of one. This is often enough to scare away enemies. But if that doesn't work, a donkey is not afraid to chase and then attack the enemy. It attacks by kicking, biting, and stomping. This is why more and more farmers are using donkeys to guard their goats and sheep. Donkeys are very protective animals. If they are able to bond with a group of animals, they will do anything to keep the animals safe. Farmers raise guard donkeys along with the herds they want guarded. This allows the animals to form a connection and makes a donkey want to protect the herd. The fact that donkeys eat the same food as the animals they protect is an added benefit.

7. Why do donkeys make good guard animals?

A. They are not afraid to attack a coyote or a wolf.B. They can be quiet when they are in any danger.C. They know how to act like coyotes and wolves.D. They have the ability to find their owners quickly.

8. According to the passage, which of the following causes a donkey to make a loud sound?

A. coyotesB. sheepC. foodD. people

3


9. What is one effect of raising a donkey with a herd of sheep?

A. The donkey wants to protect the sheep.B. The farmer needs a good guard animal.C. The donkey begins to act like a sheep.D. The sheep grow scared of the donkey.

10. American and British Relations At the end of the French and Indian War in 1763, the British had a large amount of war debt. They wanted American colonists to help pay the debt. The British passed laws that required colonists to pay taxes. The colonists were asked to pay taxes on items they used regularly. For example, the British taxed sugar, coffee, and paper goods. The British also prevented colonists from having a say in the British government. The laws that affected the colonists were never approved by the colonists themselves. Because their rights were limited, they never had a chance to vote against the laws. The colonists were unhappy with British control. The colonists' growing anger strained the relationship between the colonists and the British. By 1775, the colonists were ready to fight for their freedom in the American Revolution.

Directions: Type your response in the box.How did the events in the passage lead to the American Revolution? Use details from the passage to support your response.

Rocket to the Moon

The Moon is a small, natural satellite that orbits the Earth. It is the largest and brightest object in the night sky. Some scientists think the Moon was created billions of years ago when a giant asteroid crashed into the Earth. The rocks that were blasted into space collected together to form the Moon. People from different countries have always wondered what it would be like to visit the Moon. For years, many engineers tried to build a rocket that would be powerful enough to fly humans to the Moon. Both the Russians and the Americans built rockets that could fly into space, but American engineers were the first to land men on the Moon and return them safely to Earth. In July 1969, American astronauts Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin flew to the Moon in the Apollo 11 spacecraft. Neil Armstrong was the first person to step on the Moon. As he was descending from the steps of the Eagle Lunar Module, he spoke the famous words, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind!"

4


Armstrong and Aldrin explored the surface of the Moon for two and a half hours. There is no air on the Moon, so they wore big suits and helmets connected to tanks of air. On the Moon, gravity is weak. The big spacesuits do not feel heavy. The astronauts learned they could jump with great ease. The astronauts ran experiments and collected samples to take home. They used a special collecting scoop and other special tools. The Earth is the brightest object in the Moon's sky. From the surface of the Moon, the giant Earth looks different than you would expect. It looks small and beautiful.adapted from "Rocket to the Moon" at iknowthat.com

11. According to some scientists, what was one effect of a big asteroid hitting Earth?

A. Americans did not go to the Moon.B. Russians were first on the Moon.C. The Moon was destroyed.D. The Moon was created.

12. What was one effect of the weak gravity on the Moon?

A. The astronauts could bounce easily.B. The astronauts could sleep easily.C. The astronauts could not research at all.D. The astronauts could not move easily.

13. Why did engineers try to build rockets that could take people to the Moon?

A. People wanted to see what the Moon was like.B. People wanted to see what the Earth looked like.C. People wanted to see the Moon from Earth.D. People wanted to know if the Earth had water.

14. Why did Armstrong and Aldrin wear space suits and helmets?

A. There is no gravity on the Moon.B. There is too much air on the Moon.C. There is too much gravity on the Moon.D. There is no air on the Moon.

5


15. World War I and The Paris Peace Conferenceadapted from the Library of Congress

World War I began when disputes in Europe over territory and boundaries came to a head with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria in June 1914. Exactly one month later, war broke out. By the end of 1915, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany and the Ottoman Empire were battling the Allied Powers of Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Belgium, Serbia, Montenegro and Japan. In 1917, the U.S. entered the war after the British passenger liner the Lusitania was sunk by a German submarine. In 1919, World War I (1914-1918) was finally over. This first global conflict had claimed many lives and caused much damage. Germany had surrendered on November 11, 1918. All nations had agreed to stop fighting during peace negotiations. The different countries had agreed to a series of temporary agreements. On January 18, 1919, diplomats from various countries gathered in Paris for a conference to discuss how to end the war permanently. The conference lasted a little more than a year. The discussions produced treaties (formal agreements) with Germany, Austria, and Bulgaria. British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, French Premier Georges Clemenceau, and Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy became the leaders of the conference. They were called the Big Four. On June 28, 1919, Germany and the Allied Nations signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the war. (Versailles is a city in France, 10 miles outside of Paris.) The Treaty of Versailles imposed very rigid restrictions against Germany.The United States did not sign the treaty because it objected to its terms. It specifically objected to the high price that Germany was to pay for its role in the war. Instead, the U.S. negotiated its own settlement with Germany in 1921. President Wilson had developed his own form of reconciliation, called the "Fourteen Points." The Points included a provision for a League of Nations to prevent "the crime of war." Wilson also wanted all terms of settlement to be openly negotiated. But the actual terms of the treaty included secret arrangements for distribution of German territories among the Allied Nations.Many historians believe these terms eventually led to World War II. The League of Nations was formed, but it did not prevent another big war. Just twenty years later, World War II began. It lasted until 1945. After World War II, the United Nations replaced the League of Nations. The United Nations included more countries than the League of Nations. The United States joined the United Nations in 1945 and is still a member today.

6


16. Volcanoes are special mountains that build themselves. They are made from very hot melted rock called magma. The pressure of gas from deep inside the earth pushes the magma up and out of the ground. When magma forces its way to the earth's surface, a volcano erupts. When the volcano erupts, the melted rock flows out of the ground. The melted rock is called lava.from Childcraft: World and Space and SRA Science Connection Center: Volcanoes

What causes volcanoes to be formed?

A. melted rock flowing out of the groundB. gas pushing magma out of the groundC. pressurized rock flowing out of the groundD. lava running out of the ground

7


17.

The Foundation of Yellowstone

Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho was the first national park founded in the world. It is famous for its unique landscape. It includes hot springs and places where steam shoots out of the ground! It is also well known for having many different plants and animals. Two artists helped start Yellowstone National Park. Thomas Moran, a painter, and William Henry Jackson, a photographer, visited the Yellowstone region in 1870. These two men made many pictures of the area and convinced the American people that the Yellowstone region must be preserved. In 1872, President Ulysses S. Grant signed a bill to make Yellowstone a national park. Soon, more parks were created. In 1916, Congress created the National Park Service to watch over our nation's parks. One of the goals of the National Park Service is to preserve our country's natural wonders for many, many years.from SRA Real Science

What effect did Thomas Moran have on many Americans? A. He founded the National Park Service.B. He encouraged more people to take art classes.C. He discovered Yellowstone National Park.D. He convinced them to protect the Yellowstone region.

18. Directions: Select the correct text in the passage.Which sentence best shows why the people at Jamestown settlement could not survive easily in the beginning?

Jamestown

In 1606, the Virginia Company received a charter from King James I to build a settlement in North America. The purpose of this settlement, located in the Chesapeake Bay area, was to find gold and a sea route to Asia. In December 1606, 100 members of the Virginia Company began their journey to North America.After several months at sea, they finally reached Chesapeake Bay in April 1607. They set up a colony near the James River and named it "James Towne," after King James I. Thus, Jamestown became the first permanent English colony in America. In the beginning, the settlers faced many difficulties. The weather was very cold. They did not have enough food, and diseases were also widespread. Both of these factors led to a number of deaths among the

8


settlers. One of the settlers, John Smith, played an important role in Jamestown's history. He reached an agreement with the natives in the area. As a result of his efforts, the settlers began a trade relationship with the natives. The natives provided food to the settlers, and this solved the problem of the food shortage. John Smith also carried out many exploratory trips and made maps of the area for future use. He was made president of the local council in 1608. Under his leadership, Jamestown attained a degree of stability. Smith returned to England in October 1609 and never came back to Jamestown. The colony faced another difficult period after Smith went back to England. The conditions were so terrible that many of the settlers did not survive. In June 1610, a new group of settlers came to Jamestown. This group brought along new supplies for the colony. This saved the colony from dying out completely. Lord De La Warr was one of the settlers in this new group. He was also the new governor of the colony. Another settler in this group was John Rolfe, who, like John Smith, played an important role in Jamestown's history. He was responsible for setting up the tobacco industry. He also tried to improve the relationship between the natives and the settlers by marrying the daughter of the native chief.

9


19. Since it had started to snow, the tournament was cancelled.

Which word in this sentence is a clue for a cause and effect relationship?

A. startedB. cancelledC. tournamentD. since

20. Directions: Select the correct text in the passage.Which sentence best shows that the increased duration of night most influences leaves to change color?

Why Leaves Change Coloradapted from the USDA Forest Service

If you are lucky, you live in one of those parts of the world where Nature displays her colors proudly. In those lucky places, the green summer foliage is transformed into vivid reds, oranges, golds, and browns. In special years, the colors are truly breathtaking.How does autumn color happen? For years, scientists have worked to understand the changes that happen to trees in the autumn. Three factors influence autumn leaf color. These factors are leaf pigments, length of night, and weather. The timing of color change and leaf fall are primarily regulated by the calendar, that is, the increasing length of night.None of the other environmental influences—temperature, rainfall, food supply, and so on—are as unchanging as the steadily increasing length of night during autumn.As days grow shorter, and nights grow longer and cooler, biochemical processes in the leaf begin to paint the landscape.How does weather affect autumn color? The amount and brilliance of the colors that develop are related to weather conditions that occur before and during the time the chlorophyll in the leaves is dwindling. Temperature and moisture are the main influences. A succession of warm, sunny days and cool, crisp but not freezing nights seem to bring about the most spectacular color displays.During these days, lots of sugars are produced in the leaf. However, the cool nights and the gradual closing of veins going into the leaf prevent these sugars from

10


moving out. This process tints leaves the reds, purples, and crimson. Because carotenoids are always present in leaves, the yellow and gold colors remain fairly constant from year to year.The amount of moisture in the soil also affects autumn colors. Like the weather, soil moisture varies greatly from year to year.The countless combinations of these two highly variable factors assure that no two autumns can be exactly alike.A late spring, or a severe drought, can delay the onset of fall color by a few weeks. A warm period during fall will also lower the intensity of autumn colors.What triggers leaf fall? In early autumn, days shorten and the strength of the sunlight decreases. At this time, leaves begin the processes leading up to their fall.The veins that carry fluids into and out of the leaf gradually close off as a layer of cells forms at the base of each leaf. These clogged veins trap sugars in the leaf and promote production of anthocyanins. Once this separation layer is complete and the connecting tissues are sealed off, the leaf is ready to fall.

21. Why Leaves Change Coloradapted from the USDA Forest Service

If you are lucky, you live in one of those parts of the world where Nature displays her colors proudly. In those lucky places, the green summer foliage is transformed into vivid reds, oranges, golds, and browns. In special years, the colors are truly breathtaking.

How does autumn color happen? For years, scientists have worked to understand the changes that happen to trees in the autumn. Three factors influence autumn leaf color. These factors are leaf pigments, length of night, and weather. The timing of color change and leaf fall are primarily regulated by the calendar, that is, the increasing length of night.None of the other environmental influences—temperature, rainfall, food supply, and so on—are as unchanging as the steadily increasing length of night during autumn. As days grow shorter, and nights grow longer and cooler, biochemical processes in the leaf begin to paint the landscape.

How does weather affect autumn color?

11


The amount and brilliance of the colors that develop are related to weather conditions that occur before and during the time the chlorophyll in the leaves is dwindling. Temperature and moisture are the main influences. A succession of warm, sunny days and cool, crisp but not freezing nights seem to bring about the most spectacular color displays. During these days, lots of sugars are produced in the leaf.However, the cool nights and the gradual closing of veins going into the leaf prevent these sugars from moving out. This process tints leaves the reds, purples, and crimson. Because carotenoids are always present in leaves, the yellow and gold colors remain fairly constant from year to year.The amount of moisture in the soil also affects autumn colors. Like the weather, soil moisture varies greatly from year to year. The countless combinations of these two highly variable factors assure that no two autumns can be exactly alike.A late spring, or a severe drought, can delay the onset of fall color by a few weeks. A warm period during fall will also lower the intensity of autumn colors.

What triggers leaf fall? In early autumn, days shorten and the strength of the sunlight decreases. At this time, leaves begin the processes leading up to their fall. The veins that carry fluids into and out of the leaf gradually close off as a layer of cells forms at the base of each leaf. These clogged veins trap sugars in the leaf and promote production of anthocyanins. Once this separation layer is complete and the connecting tissues are sealed off, the leaf is ready to fall.

12

5 Standards for Informational Text Cause and Effect22. amestown

In 1606, the Virginia Company received a charter from King James I to build a settlement in North America. The purpose of this settlement, located in the Chesapeake Bay area, was to find gold and a sea route to Asia. In December 1606, 100 members of the Virginia Company began their journey to North America. After several months at sea, they finally reached Chesapeake Bay in April 1607. They set up a colony near the James River and named it "James Towne," after King James I. Thus, Jamestown became the first permanent English colony in America. In the beginning, the settlers faced many difficulties. The weather was very cold. They did not have enough food and diseases were also widespread. Both of these factors led to a number of deaths among the settlers. One of the settlers, John Smith, played an important role in Jamestown's history. He reached an agreement with the natives in the area. As a result of his efforts, the settlers began a trade relationship with the natives. The natives provided food to the settlers and this solved the problem of the food shortage. John Smith also carried out many exploratory trips and made maps of the area for future use. He was made president of the local council in 1608. Under his leadership, Jamestown attained a degree of stability. Smith returned to England in October 1609 and never came back to Jamestown. The colony faced another difficult period after Smith went back to England. The conditions were so terrible that many of the settlers did not survive. In June 1610, a new group of settlers came to Jamestown. This group brought along new supplies for the colony. This saved the colony from dying out completely. Lord De La Warr was one of the settlers in this new group. He was also the new governor of the colony. Another settler in this group was John Rolfe, who, like John Smith, played an important role in Jamestown's history. He was responsible for setting up the tobacco industry. He also tried to improve the relationship between the natives and the settlers by marrying the daughter of the native chief.

Directions: Type your response in the box.Why did John Smith make an agreement with the area's native people? Use details from the passage to support your answer.

13


In 1803, England was at war with France. Napoleon Bonaparte, a famous French ruler, had invaded much of Europe. He now wanted to take over England as well. Less than 40 years before, England had lost a big war. The British's 13 colonies in America won their freedom in the Revolutionary War. England now knew that its great nation could be defeated. Napoleon was hungry for power. He got his navy together and made them ready to take the English Channel for France. England was made weak by its defeat in the New World and began to panic. The country needed new sailors for its ships. Since they needed more soldiers, England took to the seas again. For a long time, the English had traded with the colonists in the United States. Colonists are people who move away from their home country. They start a new life in a new land. These colonists had a problem. Now, English forces wanted to take back what they thought was theirs. They needed the citizens of England who had stayed behind after the War. So, English ships began to stop US ships as they were leaving the harbors. They searched for sailors who were English citizens. If any were found, they were forced to serve in the English navy to help in the war with France. The actions of the English sailors made the Americans angry. Congress voted to stop all trade with England. England blocked all trade routes off of the US coast. England wanted the United States to not trade with any country. This was because the United States had banned all trade with England. Soon, cannonballs were fired. A US merchant ship and an English navy ship shot at each other. The English ship shot first. This was the final straw. It was called an act of war by the Americans. Congress declared war on England for the second time on June 18, 1812.

23. Which of these is an effect of England's losing the Revolutionary War?

A. the friendly trading agreement with the United StatesB. the desire to stop US ships from leaving US portsC. the realization that its nation could be defeatedD. the decision to fire upon a US merchant ship

24. What caused the Americans to declare war on England in 1812?

A. Napoleon threatened to invade the United States unless it helped England.B. France wanted the United States to stop trading with everyone else.C. A British ship and an American ship exchanged fire off the US coast.D. US merchants decided to charge taxes to the colonists for their goods.

14


25. What is one effect of the ban on English trading?

A. US ships did not respect the trading terms of agreement with England.B. England blocked off the coast to stop all trade routes in the United States.C. Napoleon threatened to attack the United States if it traded with England.D. Congress voted to attack French merchant ships entering US ports.

26. Polar Bearsby J. Honiotes

Polar bears live in the cold, harsh Arctic. These bears have special thick fur, layers of fat, and padded paws to keep them warm. Their keen sense of smell and long, sharp claws help them to find and catch food. Polar bears are fantastic hunters. Their main source of food comes from hunting smaller animals like seals. Due to limited food sources in the Arctic, young polar bears must learn to hunt in order to survive. Female polar bears usually keep their cubs close to them for more than two years after the cubs are born. The mothers teach the cubs important survival skills such as hunting. Finding and trapping food in the Arctic is not a simple task. The fact that polar bears develop these skills at a young age proves that they are capable and smart animals.

Directions: Type your response in the box.Explain why it is important for females to keep their cubs close to them after the cubs are born. Use details from the passage to support your response.

Some people may notice that they feel better when the sun is shining. Research shows that staying in the sun for 15 to 20 minutes a week can improve human health. Sunlight causes the body to produce serotonin, a chemical that helps people's moods. Another benefit of sunlight is that people absorb vitamin D from it. Vitamin D strengthens bones and teeth. Also, staying in the sun for about 15-20 minutes a week causes the body to make melatonin. Melatonin is a chemical that helps people sleep at night. Too much sunlight is harmful to people. Staying in the sun for too long can cause the skin to burn. Also, too much sunlight is known to cause skin diseases. People should limit their time in the sun. If people are in the sun for lengthy periods of time, they should wear sunscreen and/or protective clothing to prevent harmful effects from the sun.

27. According to the passage, the right amount of sunlight

15


A. helps people sleep at night.B. cures skin diseases.C. protects skin from burning.D. causes bad moods.

28. According to the passage, what causes bones and teeth to get stronger?

A. sleepB. vitamin DC. serotoninD. melatonin

29. People should wear sunscreen and protective clothing to

A. improve their mood.B. prevent their skin from burning.C. limit the amount of serotonin.D. absorb more vitamin D.

30. Cuban Independence Native Americans were the first people to live on the island of Cuba. The Spanish came to Cuba in 1492. They returned in 1511 and stayed for good. Spain took over Cuba and brought over African slaves to work in place of some of the Cubans. The Cubans also had no power in the new government. They started to fight for their freedom in 1868. The United States finally helped the Cubans defeat the Spanish in the Spanish-American War. Cuba became its own country in 1902.

Directions: Type your response in the box.Explain why the Cubans started a war with the Spanish. Use details from the passage to support your response.

31. The Boston Tea Party

On December 16, 1773, a group of protestors disguised as Mohawk Indians, boarded three British ships carrying chests of tea. This group called

16


itself the Sons of Liberty. They were led by Samuel Adams. They threw 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor. This event has now become famous in history as the Boston Tea Party. The Boston Tea Party was a result of the unfair Tea Act passed by the British government in 1773. This act was an effort by the British to help make money for the East India Company. It allowed the East India Company to be the only seller of tea in the colonies. Additionally, it allowed the company to pay lower taxes on the tea it exported. Many of the colonists all over North America were unhappy with this unfair act.Moreover, the Americans could play no part in the making of such laws and acts. They believed that this "taxation without representation" was very unfair. Hence, they decided to protest. In some cities like New York and Philadelphia, tea agents protested by cancelling orders or by resigning.When the governor of Boston refused to join the protest, the Sons of Liberty took matters into their own hands. This led to the Boston Tea Party. As punishment for the events in Boston, the British Parliament passed the Coercive Acts, or Intolerable Acts, in 1774. The people of Boston, Massachusetts were seen as guilty of opposing the British rule. One of the acts, the Boston Port Act, closed the ports of Boston for any kind of sea trade. The Coercive Acts included other actions as well. With the Massachusetts Government Act, formal British military rule was started in Massachusetts. The Quartering Act required the colonists to house British troops in buildings that were not occupied. Though these acts were meant to punish those who opposed the British rule, they actually served to unite the colonies. In this way, the Boston Tea Party became an important event leading to the American Revolution.

Directions: Select all the correct answers.What were two effects of the Boston Tea Party?

It united the colonies against the British.

People began to drink less tea.

The tax on tea was reduced.

Boston became the center of the American Revolution.

Strict laws were passed, mainly against the people of Boston.

17


It is not an easy job to plan the Olympics. It is a lot of work to hold the Olympics in a city. Just ask the people of Atlanta, Georgia. In 1996, athletes from over 100 countries participated in Atlanta. People were sent from newspapers, radio, and television stations to cover the games. Changes had to be made all over the city. Athletes and coaches needed places to stay. Fans and the media needed somewhere to stay, too. A lot of healthy food had to be ready for the participants. Teams of people had to make the food. Other teams cleaned up after people ate. Visitors wanted to shop and eat at nice places. Places had to be built for different events. The first modern-day Olympics were very different. They were held in 1896. Only thirteen countries came to the Olympics in Athens, Greece. Ten athletes competed for the United States. However, we won nine out of ten events! This started America's tradition of winning a lot of Olympic events. from Grolier: Story of America and Heath Literacy: Skill Practice and Assessment

32. What is one effect of so many people coming to Atlanta for the Olympics?

A. Many workers had to prepare large amounts of food.B. The athletes needed more time to practice.C. The Olympics were moved to Athens, Greece.D. The athletes had to participate in more events.

33. Which sentence summarizes what happens when many people come to a city to attend the Olympics?

A. Athletes need more hotel rooms.B. Many types of changes are needed.C.More food is cooked.D. Athletes win more events.

34. What is one reason so much planning is necessary in the Olympics?

A. A city has a lot to do in order to be ready for the Olympics.B. Athletes pay a fee in order to have preparations made by the city.C. Athletes put it in their contracts that the city must be prepared.D. It is within the city's law that preparations must be made.

The Alligator Gar is a huge creature that lives in the southern part of the United States. It lives in freshwater and salty lagoons. It has a head that resembles an alligator. It has deep black eyes and two rows of razor sharp teeth. Its jaws open and shut just like an alligator's. It has a joint behind its skull that lets its jaws open wide and hold on tight. The Alligator Gar is dark brown on top and a yellowish-white on its sides and belly.

Part of the Alligator Gar's strength comes from its size. Many of them grow to be six

18


to eight feet long. They live 60 years or more. In Texas, one of the largest fish ever reported was 10 feet long. It weighed over 300 pounds! This fish is so big that it can wrestle and kill an alligator. They are one of the largest freshwater fish in North America.

The Alligator Gar is a fish that can adapt to its surroundings. It has the ability to breathe air through its swim bladder. The bladder also acts as a lung when all the oxygen in the water is gone. The Alligator Gar just takes a gulp of air from the surface of the water. This allows the fish to live in muddy waters, where oxygen quality is not always good.

Native Americans praised this fish for its hard suit of armor that protects its body. The scales are so tough that natives used them as arrowheads. They even used the scales as body armor in tribal battles! Today, the scales are used in tribal dress and jewelry.

The population of the Alligator Gar is decreasing. One day, we may only know about them through history books. Some groups, like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other national fish hatcheries, conduct surveys and raise these fish. This helps to restore decreasing populations.adapted from "The Alligator Gar-gantuan" by Nicole T. Woodward

35. Why are groups like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service raising Alligator Gars?

A. to decrease the Alligator Gar populationB. to get rid of the Alligator Gar populationC. to increase other fish populationsD. to increase the Alligator Gar population

36. Why did the Native Americans use Alligator Gar scales for armor?

A. The scales smell very good.B. The scales are very tough.C. The scales are not tough.D. The scales smell very bad.

19


37. Why can the Alligator Gar live in muddy waters?

A. Its bladder cannot act as a lung if needed.B. Its bladder can act as a lung when needed.C. Its lungs can act as a bladder when needed.D. Its lungs cannot handle a lot of oxygen in water.

Answers1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. -- 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. -- 11. D 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. -- 16. B 17. D 18. -- 19. D 20. -- 21. -- 22. -- 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. -- 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. -- 31. -- 32. A 33. B 34. A

20


35. D 36. B 37. B

21

mrseatonclass.weebly.commrseatonclass.weebly.com/uploads/3/2/1/7/32178559/16… · web viewhave...

Documents