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5 Reading Standards for Literature Textual Evidence

Great Expectations

"Estelle, please read the next two paragraphs," Ms. Tate said. "Estelle. Estelle!" Estelle cleared her throat and spoke up, "I'm sorry, Ms. Tate. Where are we?" "7. Third paragraph," Ms. Tate responded with a frown on her face. Estelle began reading. She tried to make her voice seem light and interested. However, she was having a hard time concentrating on a story about a beaver and an antelope. Over the weekend, Estelle's family had celebrated her brother's enlistment in the United States Navy. He would be the third generation to serve in the Navy. Her grandfather had been the first. When he was a young man in El Salvador, he had fallen in love with Estelle's grandmother. He didn't have much money. He wanted to provide a good home for his future wife, so he wanted to go to the United States. He had heard that there would be better opportunities there. He left El Salvador and joined the United States Navy. During his service in the military, he became a U.S. citizen. After five years of serving in the Navy, Estelle's grandfather moved to Long Beach, California. Estelle's grandmother joined him in Long Beach, and they were married there. Her grandfather took a job as a night-shift security officer so that he could go to school during the day. He earned a bachelor's degree in social science. Her grandfather then began his career working for a nonprofit group that helped low-income families. Estelle's grandfather spoke of his service in the Navy often. He talked about it to the children and teenagers he met through his job. He talked about it at home. It was her grandfather's stories about his time in the Navy that prompted her father to join the Navy. Now, Estelle's brother was about to begin an adventure of his own. What stories will he have to tell? Brrring. Brrring. Brrring. The school bell chimed. Estelle closed her textbook and began to pack her backpack. Maybe one day she could join the Navy, too. Her grandfather would like that.

Which detail from the passage suggests that Estelle is lost in her own thoughts in her class?

A. Estelle closed her textbook and began to pack her backpack.B. Over the weekend, Estelle's family had celebrated her brother's enlistment in the

United States Navy.C. Now, Estelle's brother was about to begin an adventure of his own.D. She was having a hard time concentrating on a story about a beaver and an antelope.


Question 2

Great Expectations

"Estelle, please read the next two paragraphs," Ms. Tate said. "Estelle. Estelle!" Estelle cleared her throat and spoke up, "I'm sorry, Ms. Tate. Where are we?" "Page 17. Third paragraph," Ms. Tate responded with a frown on her face. Estelle began reading. She tried to make her voice seem light and interested. However, she was having a hard time concentrating on a story about a beaver and an antelope. Over the weekend, Estelle's family had celebrated her brother's enlistment in the United States Navy. He would be the third generation to serve in the Navy. Her grandfather had been the first. When he was a young man in El Salvador, he had fallen in love with Estelle's grandmother. He didn't have much money. He wanted to provide a good home for his future wife, so he wanted to go to the United States. He had heard that there would be better opportunities there. He left El Salvador and joined the United States Navy. During his service in the military, he became a U.S. citizen. After five years of serving in the Navy, Estelle's grandfather moved to Long Beach, California. Estelle's grandmother joined him in Long Beach, and they were married there. Her grandfather took a job as a night-shift security officer so that he could go to school during the day. He earned a bachelor's degree in social science. Her grandfather then began his career working for a nonprofit group that helped low-income families. Estelle's grandfather spoke of his service in the Navy often. He talked about it to the children and teenagers he met through his job. He talked about it at home. It was her grandfather's stories about his time in the Navy that prompted her father to join the Navy. Now, Estelle's brother was about to begin an adventure of his own. What stories will he have to tell? Brrring. Brrring. Brrring. The school bell chimed. Estelle closed her textbook and began to pack her backpack. Maybe one day she could join the Navy, too. Her grandfather would like that.

Which sentence from the passage shows that Estelle's grandfather is proud of his military service?

A. Estelle's grandfather spoke of his service in the Navy often.B. He wanted to provide a good home for his future wife, so he wanted to go to the

United States.C. Her grandfather took a job as a night-shift security officer so that he could go to school

during the day.D. He earned a bachelor's degree in social science.


Question 3

Great Expectations


According to the passage, what drove Estelle's grandfather to join the United States Navy?

A. He would be able to obtain a bachelor's degree.B. He wanted to be a night-shift security officer.C. He would be the first generation to serve in the Navy.D. He wanted to provide a good home for his future wife.


Question 4

The Challenge Grove

I looked up and bit my tongue to keep from shrieking. Towering over me were tall trees and a web of ropes at least 15 feet off of the ground. What was this place? "Welcome to the Challenge Grove. Each of you will attempt to complete the Challenge with a partner," Ms. Sandra grinned. Attempt? That usually means everyone who starts out doesn't finish the obstacle course, I thought to myself. "Can I sit out on this?" I asked my cabin counselor, Marie. "Elaine," Marie replied, "you need to at least try to complete the Challenge." I slumped my shoulders at the thought of being so high off of the ground. "Oh, come on," Marie said. She softened her tone and patted my shoulder. "You may surprise yourself." "I doubt it," I whined, horrified by the prospect of learning a lesson in gravity. The only surprise right now was that I hadn't abandoned everyone and bolted back to the cabin. Surely, I wasn't going to be expected to. . . . "Do you have a partner, Elaine?" Jeremy interrupted. I looked around and noticed that the other campers from my cabin were already paired off. "I guess not," I whispered, annoyed that I had to be partnered with a boy. "All right," Jeremy said gently. "Let's go get our safety cables." "Safety cables?" I asked. "Yeah. Haven't you done this before?" Jeremy asked. He walked over to a large equipment cabinet that I hadn't noticed earlier, and he took out two helmets and two sets of cables. "No, and I don't want to do it now!" I replied. I took the helmet and the cables Jeremy held out for me. "Oh, it's nothing to be afraid of," Jeremy said. "We're hooked up to safety cables the entire time. The counselors will keep us from crashing down if we lose our balance. The best part is the huge swing at the end. You get to see a great view of the campgrounds." He finished harnessing his safety belt and started to help me adjust mine. I glanced at Jeremy's confident eyes and then gazed up at the obstacle course. It was not as high as I had initially thought. Jeremy didn't seem to be frightened. The swing at the end did look thrilling. "I can do this. I can do this," I chanted to myself. Jeremy and I stood waiting for our turn on the Challenge. When our turn came up, I hesitated for only a second. Then, I followed Jeremy to the start of the Challenge Grove.

Which sentence from the passage shows the reader Elaine's attitude toward the Challenge Grove at the beginning?

A. I glanced at Jeremy's confident eyes and then gazed up at the obstacle course.B. "I can do this. I can do this," I chanted to myself.C. I took the helmet and the cables Jeremy held out for me.D. I looked up and bit my tongue to keep from shrieking.


Question 5

The Challenge Grove


Which sentence from the passage shows that Jeremy is kind to Elaine?

A. He finished harnessing his safety belt and started to help me adjust mine.B. Then, I followed Jeremy to the start of the Challenge Grove.C. Jeremy and I stood waiting for our turn on the Challenge.D. Jeremy didn't seem to be frightened.


Question 6

The Challenge Grove


Which detail from the passage suggests that Marie, the camp counselor, wants to encourage Elaine?

A. Marie speaks softly to Elaine and gives her a pat on the shoulder.B. Marie tells Elaine that she must complete the obstacle course.C. Marie teaches Elaine how to put on her own safety equipment.D. Marie asks Jeremy to be Elaine's partner for the obstacle course.


Question 7

The Challenge Grove


Which sentence in the passage indicates that Elaine's view of the Challenge Grove has changed?

A. I looked around and noticed that the other campers from my cabin were already paired off.

B. "No, and I don't want to do it now!" I replied.C. "Can I sit out on this?" I asked my cabin counselor, Marie.D. It was not as high as I had initially thought.


Question 8

Add

The Visitor

Neil and Edward were sitting in the living room, watching a thrilling show on grizzly bears. The show ended, and just as Neil reached for the remote control to turn the television off, . . . Zoom! A flying insect flew from above the window curtain and landed on the top of a lampshade across the room. "Aagh!" Neil yelled as he jumped up from the couch. Edward's eyes were wide with wonder. Then, he was bent over, holding his belly and laughing so hard his eyes welled up with tears. "What was that?" Neil screeched frantically. Edward couldn't stop laughing at him. Gasping for breath, Edward pointed to the lampshade with one hand and clutched his stomach with the other. "It's not funny, man!" Neil said. "That thing tried to attack me!" Edward finally got himself together and strolled over to the table where the lamp stood. "It's a cricket. It's just an innocent cricket," he said smiling. "A cricket?" Neil panicked. "I didn't know crickets could fly?" He took off one of his shoes and swatted at the lampshade desperately. "Of course they can fly. They have wings, don't they?" Edward remarked. "Yeah, but they're supposed to just hop around," Neil said. The cricket jumped before he could hit it. He stooped over and inspected the floor. "Crickets and grasshoppers can both fly," Edward responded. "They may not fly much, but they can do it briefly. They're not very graceful fliers though." Now, he was helping Neil look for the cricket. "It may be hiding underneath this table, so let's push the table away from the wall." "How about you push, and I'll hit the cricket?" Neil said. "You don't have to kill it," Edward said. "I'll catch it and take it outside." He squatted down close to the table and told Neil, "Go ahead and move the table slowly." Neil moved the table, and Edward briskly cupped the cricket in his hands. He walked outside and released the cricket into a thicket of bushes in the front yard. When Edward strolled back into the house, Neil asked, "You're going to wash your hands, right?" Edward patted Neil on the shoulder and started laughing when Neil squirmed and jerked his shoulder away in disgust. "I'm an amateur insect conservationist," Edward declared. "No insect will be harmed when I'm around!"

Which sentence from the passage shows that Edward is kindhearted?

A. "They have wings, don't they?"B. Edward's eyes were wide with wonder.C. "I'll catch it and take it outside."D. Edward couldn't stop laughing at him.


Question 9

The Visitor


According to the passage, how does Neil show that he is frightened by the cricket?

A. Neil screams and jumps when the cricket appears.B. Neil pushes the table away from the wall.C. Neil thinks that crickets can only jump around.D. Neil searches the room for the cricket.


Question 10

The Visitor


In the passage, Edward states that he is an "amateur insect conservationist." What evidence supports this claim?

A. He laughs when the cricket scares Neil.B. He knows that grasshoppers are flying insects.C. He watches a television show about animals.D. He prevents Neil from killing the cricket.


Question 11

Doctors

Many people do not know that there are two main types of doctors: medical and osteopathic doctors. However, medical doctors are better known than osteopathic physicians. Both are able to practice medicine in the United States. Both types of doctors complete four years of medical school. Medical school is then followed by four to eight years of hands-on training. Both types of doctors must pass a tough, in-depth test. After all of that, both are able to treat patients, write prescriptions, and perform surgeries. The difference between the two types of doctors lies in their approaches. Medical doctors have Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees. These doctors mostly concentrate on treating a patient's illness. For example, Brian goes to an MD about a cut on his leg that has not healed. The MD notices that Brian has an infection. The problem is then treated with drugs. Osteopathic physicians have Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degrees. They promote patients' overall wellness and disease prevention. A DO is likely to spend more time learning about a patient's lifestyle. This information helps the DO make suggestions that help prevent the patient from getting sick. For instance, Brian goes to a DO to see about a small unhealed cut on his leg. The DO notices that Brian has an infection. The doctor learns that Brian is a mechanic and that he did not wash his hands before caring for the wound. The doctor gives him drugs for the infection. The DO also suggests that Brian wash his hands well before touching a wound in the future. Sometimes, the two medical approaches can cross over. An MD may be careful to point out preventive measures a patient can take. A DO may only focus on treating a patient's current signs of illness. The main difference between an MD and a DO is that a DO also receives training in OMT. OMT stands for osteopathic manipulative treatment. It is like a form of massage therapy. It can help determine a patient's problem and treat it. Whether a patient sees a DO or an MD is purely a matter of choice. Both are well-trained doctors. They both focus on helping a patient get well.

According to the passage, how are medical doctors and osteopathic physicians different?

A. A DO mainly focuses on treating the illness of a patient.B. A DO practices medicine that can help a patient get well.C. A DO is trained in osteopathic manipulative medicine.D. A DO only encourages the overall well-being of a person.


Question 12

Doctors Many people do not know that there are two main types of doctors: medical and osteopathic doctors. However, medical doctors are better known than osteopathic physicians. Both are able to practice medicine in the United States. Both types of doctors complete four years of medical school. Medical school is then followed by four to eight years of hands-on training. Both types of doctors must pass a tough, in-depth test. After all of that, both are able to treat patients, write prescriptions, and perform surgeries. The difference between the two types of doctors lies in their approaches. Medical doctors have Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees. These doctors mostly concentrate on treating a patient's illness. For example, Brian goes to an MD about a cut on his leg that has not healed. The MD notices that Brian has an infection. The problem is then treated with drugs. Osteopathic physicians have Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degrees. They promote patients' overall wellness and disease prevention. A DO is likely to spend more time learning about a patient's lifestyle. This information helps the DO make suggestions that help prevent the patient from getting sick. For instance, Brian goes to a DO to see about a small unhealed cut on his leg. The DO notices that Brian has an infection. The doctor learns that Brian is a mechanic and that he did not wash his hands before caring for the wound. The doctor gives him drugs for the infection. The DO also suggests that Brian wash his hands well before touching a wound in the future. Sometimes, the two medical approaches can cross over. An MD may be careful to point out preventive measures a patient can take. A DO may only focus on treating a patient's current signs of illness. The main difference between an MD and a DO is that a DO also receives training in OMT. OMT stands for osteopathic manipulative treatment. It is like a form of massage therapy. It can help determine a patient's problem and treat it. Whether a patient sees a DO or an MD is purely a matter of choice. Both are well-trained doctors. They both focus on helping a patient get well.

Which of the following best supports the author's opinion that both types of doctors are well trained?

A. Both types of doctors can be found in the United States.B. Both types of doctors listen to their patients' problems.C. Both types of doctors have patients that have infections.D. Both types of doctors have completed medical school.


Question 13

Doctors

Many people do not know that there are two main types of doctors: medical and osteopathic doctors. However, medical doctors are better known than osteopathic physicians. Both are able to practice medicine in the United States. Both types of doctors complete four years of medical school. Medical school is then followed by four to eight years of hands-on training. Both types of doctors must pass a tough, in-depth test. After all of that, both are able to treat patients, write prescriptions, and perform surgeries. The difference between the two types of doctors lies in their approaches. Medical doctors have Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees. These doctors mostly concentrate on treating a patient's illness. For example, Brian goes to an MD about a cut on his leg that has not healed. The MD notices that Brian has an infection. The problem is then treated with drugs. Osteopathic physicians have Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degrees. They promote patients' overall wellness and disease prevention. A DO is likely to spend more time learning about a patient's lifestyle. This information helps the DO make suggestions that help prevent the patient from getting sick. For instance, Brian goes to a DO to see about a small unhealed cut on his leg. The DO notices that Brian has an infection. The doctor learns that Brian is a mechanic and that he did not wash his hands before caring for the wound. The doctor gives him drugs for the infection. The DO also suggests that Brian wash his hands well before touching a wound in the future. Sometimes, the two medical approaches can cross over. An MD may be careful to point out preventive measures a patient can take. A DO may only focus on treating a patient's current signs of illness. The main difference between an MD and a DO is that a DO also receives training in OMT. OMT stands for osteopathic manipulative treatment. It is like a form of massage therapy. It can help determine a patient's problem and treat it. Whether a patient sees a DO or an MD is purely a matter of choice. Both are well-trained doctors. They both focus on helping a patient get well.

According to the passage, how do osteopathic physicians "promote patients' overall wellness"?

A. They are required to treat infections with drugs.B. They spend more time learning about their patients.C. They can only practice medicine in the United States.D. They only treat the current problems of their patients.


Question 14

Gymnastics

The game of gymnastics has been around for a long time. The sport developed from the ancient Greeks 4,000 years ago. At the time, exercise was thought to be a good use of one's time. People would spend as much time exercising as they would working on writing or math. Men would meet to develop and practice moves that showed their strength, flexibility, and endurance. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn is widely credited with developing modern-day gymnastics. Jahn, a German educator, had a great love for his country. He thought that the young people of Germany could be encouraged and built up through gymnastics. In the early nineteenth century, Jahn created the first gymnastics club. It helped make the sport popular throughout Germany and later the world. Jahn developed the balance beam, the horizontal bar, the parallel bars, the rings, and the vault. Much of what we see in twenty-first century gymnastics equipment can be traced back to Jahn.

According to the passage, why is Friedrich Ludwig Jahn an important figure in the history of gymnastics?

A. He developed many moves for gymnastics.B. He created the very first club for gymnastics.C. He followed the practice of the ancient Greeks.D. He had a passion for his native Germany.


Question 15

Gymnastics


Which sentence supports the claim that the ancient Greeks thought exercise was worthwhile?

A. In the early nineteenth century, Jahn created the first gymnastics club.B. He thought that the young people of Germany could be encouraged and built up

through gymnastics.C. It helped make the sport popular throughout Germany and later the world.D. People would spend as much time exercising as they would working on writing or

math.


Question 16

Gymnastics


Which evidence supports the idea that Jahn was an inventor?

A. He modeled the ways of the ancient Greeks.B. He encouraged young Germans to exercise.C. He developed early gymnastics equipment.D. He had a great amount love for his country.


Question 17

Big City Lights

There are a lot of advantages to living in or near large cities. These popular areas attract schools, jobs, stores, and restaurants. Large cities also attract many arts and entertainment places. Even with these benefits, large cities still lack one thing–a great view of the stars. Light pollution is when artificial light goes upward and hides the night sky from view. Artificial light is man-made light. It is particularly plentiful in large cities. Sources of man-made light include streetlamps, billboards, parking lots, and athletic fields. Sometimes this light disturbance looks like fog or haze. It prevents people from observing a starlit sky. Instead, a person walks outside on a clear night and sees a blank, dark sky. The ability to see stars is a treasure that is quickly becoming lost. Light pollution is such a problem that many people can no longer tell the difference between stars and satellites. If a person from a large city goes to a rural area and walks outside on a clear night, he or she will be amazed at the vast number of stars and planets in the sky. Many of them can be seen with the naked eye. Light pollution has a solution. People should use light bulbs with low wattages. Also, lighting should be directed downward instead of upward or sideways. This helps keep light from spoiling the night sky. The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) is a group that brings awareness to the problem of man-made light on the night sky. The IDA also promotes dim outdoor lighting.

According to the passage, what is one of the disadvantages of man-made light?

A. It keeps lights from reaching the sky.B. It attracts more people to large cities.C. It causes satellites in space to scatter.D. It produces a nighttime fog in the sky.


Question 18

Big City Lights


According to the passage, what evidence supports the claim that rural areas are thebest places to view the stars?

A. In rural areas, billboards have better lighting than in the city.B. In rural areas, satellites in the sky look just like the stars.C. In rural areas, light that points upward creates a dark sky.D. In rural areas, many stars can be seen with the naked eye.


Question 19

Big City Lights


What does the author mean when he or she writes, "Even with these benefits, large cities still lack one thing—a great view of the stars"?

A. Most people from large cities are too busy to notice that they cannot see the stars.B. Rural areas compete with large cities for the best entertainment choices.C. The riches of a large city do not replace the simple beauty of seeing a starlit sky.D. Even though rural areas are far from large cities, they still have light pollution.


Question 20

Big City Lights


Which sentence from the passage supports the author's view that the ability to see the stars is a "treasure that is quickly becoming lost"?

A. Light pollution is such a problem that many people can no longer tell the difference between stars and satellites.

B. These popular areas attract schools, jobs, stores, and restaurants.C. People should use light bulbs with low wattages.D. Large cities also attract many arts and entertainment places.


Question 21

Directions: Select the correct text from the passage.

Which sentence shows how Estelle's grandfather's life greatly affected his family's future?

Great Expectations



Question 22

Directions: Select the correct text in the passage.

What sentence in the passage supports the idea that this Elaine is unfamiliar with the Challenge Grove?

The Challenge Grove



Question 23

Big City Lights

There are a lot of advantages to living in or near large cities. These popular areas attract schools, jobs, stores, and restaurants. Large cities also attract many arts and entertainment places. Even with these benefits, large cities still lack one thing—a great view of the stars. Light pollution is when artificial light goes upward and hides the night sky from view. Artificial light is man-made light. It is particularly plentiful in large cities. Sources of man-made light include streetlamps, billboards, parking lots, and athletic fields. Sometimes this light disturbance looks like fog or haze. It prevents people from observing a starlit sky. Instead, a person walks outside on a clear night and sees a blank, dark sky. The ability to see stars is a treasure that is quickly becoming lost. Light pollution is such a problem that many people can no longer tell the difference between stars and satellites. If a person from a large city goes to a rural area and walks outside on a clear night, he or she will be amazed at the vast number of stars and planets in the sky. Many of them can be seen with the naked eye. Light pollution has a solution. People should use light bulbs with low wattages. Also, lighting should be directed downward instead of upward or sideways. This helps keep light from spoiling the night sky. The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) is a group that brings awareness to the problem of man-made light on the night sky. The IDA also promotes dim outdoor lighting.Directions: Type your response in the box.

According to the passage, light pollution is a problem that should be addressed. Write a paragraph explaining whether you agree or disagree with this argument. Use details from the passage to support your response.

Rubric


Question 24


Which sentence in the passage shows that learning how to inline-skate can be dangerous?

How to In-Line Skate

Learning how to skate with Rollerblades, or in-line skates, can be fun. It may take a little time to become confident, but if you follow these easy steps, you will be a professional skater soon!

1. Make sure you buy in-line skates that fit. The skates should be comfortable, but there should not be any extra room in them. You do not want the skates to slip off your feet.

2. Practice standing in your skates on carpet or grass. When you are learning how to stand, you do not want the wheels to roll! You want to get used to balancing yourself when you are wearing skates. Wear a helmet, elbow pads, and kneepads, and have a chair nearby in case you start to fall.

3. Practice moving your legs and feet on carpet or grass. Try to take some small steps. Put all your weight on one foot while you slide the other foot forward. You should feel as though you are gliding.

4. Once you feel comfortable moving on carpet or grass, move onto flat pavement. Stay away from hills for now. Try to walk slowly in your skates. Then try balancing on one skate at a time.

5. As weird as it may sound, you will want to practice falling. It is better to fall forward than backwards if you can help it. If you are falling backwards, try grabbing your knees to help you move forward. Falling onto your elbow pads and kneepads is your best bet since those areas are protected.

6. Learn how to use the brakes on your skates. To brake, bend your knees a little and slowly put weight on your heel until you stop.

7. Practice makes perfect. Practice skating every day if you can, for at least an hour. The more often you skate, the faster your body will get used to these new movements. In no time at all, you will be skating all over your neighborhood with ease!


Question 25

How to In-Line Skate

Learning how to skate with Rollerblades, or in-line skates, can be fun. It may take a little time to become confident, but if you follow these easy steps, you will be a professional skater soon!

Make sure you buy in-line skates that fit. The skates should be comfortable, but there should not be any extra room in them. You do not want the skates to slip off your feet.Practice standing in your skates on carpet or grass. When you are learning how to stand, you do not want the wheels to roll! You want to get used to balancing yourself when you are wearing skates. Wear a helmet, elbow pads, and kneepads, and have a chair nearby in case you start to fall.Practice moving your legs and feet on carpet or grass. Try to take some small steps. Put all your weight on one foot while you slide the other foot forward. You should feel as though you are gliding.Once you feel comfortable moving on carpet or grass, move onto flat pavement. Stay away from hills for now. Try to walk slowly in your skates. Then try balancing on one skate at a time.As weird as it may sound, you will want to practice falling. It is better to fall forward than backwards if you can help it. If you are falling backwards, try grabbing your knees to help you move forward. Falling onto your elbow pads and kneepads is your best bet since those areas are protected.Learn how to use the brakes on your skates. To brake, bend your knees a little and slowly put weight on your heel until you stop.Practice makes perfect. Practice skating every day if you can, for at least an hour. The more often you skate, the faster your body will get used to these new movements. In no time at all, you will be skating all over your neighborhood with ease!

Directions: Select all the correct answers.

Which two statements are best supported by the passage?

Skating is a good form of exercise.

Only experts should attempt roller skating.

Buying the right size of skates can make skating easier.


When skating, it is best to learn as you go.

Learning to skate requires time and practice.

Question 26

The Wright Brothers

The airplane was invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright, who are more famously known as the Wright Brothers. Though they achieved fame and success only later in life, their experiences in childhood shaped their future. Their parents always encouraged them to keep learning. Their father, Milton Wright, was a bishop. He kept two libraries that the boys also used. In 1878, he gave the brothers a toy helicopter. It was a simple toy, made from bamboo, paper, and cork. However, it was this gift that first got them interested in the science of flight. Milton later moved the family to Richmond, Indiana, and there he began to publish a religious newspaper. Showing his interest in engineering, Wilbur invented a machine to fold the newspapers for mailing. Later, the family moved permanently to Ohio. Although both brothers were good students, they did not complete their higher studies. Orville trained to become a printer and started a business printing small items such as cards. Wilbur helped him build a printing press. Milton also bought 25 pounds of used type for print jobs. Soon they began printing under the name of "Wright Bros." The printing presses they built were admired and appreciated. After a few years, they gave up the printing business and began a new business repairing and manufacturing bicycles. This interest in bicycling also brought back their interest in the science of flight. They began to explore the question of sustained human flight. The brothers observed the flight of birds and used that as an inspiration to design wings for gliders. The brothers noticed how birds changed the angle and position of their wings while flying. They used the same idea when they designed their gliders. They also built an engine to power the glider. Finally, on December 17, 1903, the "Wright Flyer" was successfully tested. Orville Wright piloted this flyer. His flight became the first manned and controlled flight in history. The flight lasted only 12 seconds, but it was a great achievement in human history. The Wright brothers continued to work on their flyer to perfect the design.Directions: Type your response in the box.

The Wright brothers were very intelligent and skilled at a variety of things. Support this statement with details from the passage.


Question 27


Which two sentences in the passage best show how Wilbur and Orville's parents influenced their life?

The Wright Brothers

The airplane was invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright, who are more famously known as the Wright Brothers. Though they achieved fame and success only later in life, their experiences in childhood shaped their future. Their parents always encouraged them to keep learning. Their father, Milton Wright, was a bishop. He kept two libraries that the boys also used. In 1878, he gave the brothers a toy helicopter. It was a simple toy, made from bamboo, paper, and cork. However, it was this gift that first got them interested in the science of flight. Milton later moved the family to Richmond, Indiana, and there he began to publish a religious newspaper. Showing his interest in engineering, Wilbur invented a machine to fold the newspapers for mailing. Later, the family moved permanently to Ohio. Although both brothers were good students, they did not complete their higher studies. Orville trained to become a printer and started a business printing small items such as cards. Wilbur helped him build a printing press. Milton also bought 25 pounds of used type for print jobs. Soon they began printing under the name of "Wright Bros." The printing presses they built were admired and appreciated. After a few years, they gave up the printing business and began a new business repairing and manufacturing bicycles. This interest in bicycling also brought back their interest in the science of flight. They began to explore the question of sustained human flight. The brothers observed the flight of birds and used that as an inspiration to design wings for gliders. The brothers noticed how birds changed the angle and position of their wings while flying. They used the same idea when they designed their gliders. They also built an engine to power the glider. Finally, on December 17, 1903, the "Wright Flyer" was successfully tested. Orville Wright piloted this flyer. His flight became the first manned and controlled flight in history. The flight lasted only 12 seconds, but it was a great achievement in human history. The Wright brothers continued to work on their flyer to perfect the design.


Question 28


Which text in the passage best shows how staying with the Moffats changes Meg?

adapted from Little Womenby Louisa May Alcott

Meg departed in style for a two-week trip of novelty and pleasure. Mrs. March had agreed to the visit rather unwillingly. She feared that Margaret would come back as a changed person. But Meg begged so hard, and Sallie had promised to take good care of her. A little pleasure seemed so delightful after a winter of work. So the mother agreed, and the daughter went to take her first taste of fashionable life. The Moffats were very fashionable. Simple Meg was rather shaken, at first, by the splendor of the house and the elegance of its residents. But they were kindly people and soon put their guest at her ease. It certainly was great to feast on delicious food, drive in a fine carriage, wear her best frock every day, and do nothing but enjoy herself. It suited her exactly, and soon she began to imitate the manners and conversation of those about her. She put on little airs and graces, used French phrases, and talked about the fashions as well as she could. The more she saw of Annie Moffat's pretty things, the more she envied her and wished to be rich. Her own home now looked bare and sad as she thought of it. Work grew harder than ever, and she felt that she was a very poor girl, in spite of the new gloves and silk stockings. She did not have much time to complain because the young girls were busily 'having a good time'. They shopped, walked, and rode all day. They went to theaters and operas or played at home in the evening. Annie had many friends and knew how to entertain them. Her older sisters were very fine young ladies, and one was engaged, which was extremely interesting and romantic, Meg thought. Mr. Moffat was a fat, jolly old gentleman, who knew her father. Mrs. Moffat was a fat, jolly old lady, who liked Meg as much as her daughter did. Everyone petted her, and called her 'Daisey', which she liked very much.

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