web folio by keiry rodriguez. table of contents formulas scientific method three states of matter...
TRANSCRIPT
Web folio
By Keiry Rodriguez
2
Table of Contents
• Formulas• Scientific Method• Three States of Matter• Five Phase Changes• Parts of an Atom• Periodic Table• Solutions• Covalent and Ionic Bonds• Mixtures• Newton’s Three Laws• Simple Machines• Heat Transfer
• Waves• Electricity
3
Formulas
• Velocity= Distance/Time• Acceleration= Final Velocity-Initial Velocity/Time• Force= Mass x Acceleration• Momentum= Mass x Velocity• Kinetic Energy= ½ Mass x (Velocity)¨• Work= Force x Distance• Power= Work done/Time interval• Specific Heat= Constant x mass x change in temperature
4
Scientific Method
I. Research Question: What you want to find outII. Identify Variables: What will be changed (IV), what
will be affected by the change (DV), and what will remain the same (CV) in the experiment that will be conducted.
III. Write a Hypothesis: The researcher’s educated guess on what will happen.
IV. Write the Procedure: A detailed account of what you did in the experiment.
V. Analyze Data: The results from your experiment.VI. Conclusion: States whether the hypothesis was
correct or not and answers the research question.
5
The Three States Of Matter
The three states of matter are…• Solid: Particles are tightly packed together• Liquid: Particles are touching but can
move around.• Gas: Particles are far away from one
another so they can move around freely.
6
Five Phases Of Matter
• Condensation: Gas turns into liquid.• Sublimation: Solid transitions into
gas.• Evaporation: Liquid transforms into
gas.• Melting Point: Solid melts into liquid.• Freezing Point: Liquid turns into solid.
7
Parts Of An Atom
• An atom is made out of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
• Protons are the positively charged particles within an atom.
• Electrons are the negativelycharged particles within an atom.• Neutrons are the neutrally charged particles.
8
Periodic Table
• The periodic table consists of all the elements from Hydrogen to Lawrencium.
• The periodic table is systemized by Groups and Periods.
• Groups are the vertical columns that run across the chart and periods are the horizontal rows that run through the chart.
• The elements of the periodic table are metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and the noble gases.
9
Periodic Table
10
Solutions
• Solutions are when one substance is dissolved into another.
• Solvent-Substance that dissolves• Solute-Substance that is dissolved• The two different solution states are:
I. Unsaturated-it can hold more soluteII. Saturated- can not have more solute because it will not dissolve it
11
Mixtures
• A mixture can be separated• No new substance is made• Substances maintain their properties• There are two types of mixtures:
I. Homogeneous-Can’t see the particles
II. Heterogeneous-Can see the particles
12
Covalent and Ionic Bonds
• An ionic bond is when is when an atom either gains or loses electrons
• Ionic bonds only take place between metals and non-metals.
• Covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
13
Newton’s Three Laws
• Newton’s first law states that when an object is in motion it will stay in motion until a force acts upon it as well as an object will stay in rest until a force is acted upon it.
• Newton’s second law states that the amount of force used to do something is based upon the object’s mass.
• Newton’s third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
14
Newton’s Three Laws (continued)
• First Law
• Second Law
• Third Law
15
The Six Simple Machines
• Pulley• Wheel and Axle• Lever• Inclined Plane• Wedge• Screw• Compound machines are two or more
simple machines combined to make one new machine.
16
Heat Transfer
• Heat-The movement of energy from one place to another
• Heat is transferred in three ways:I. Conduction-Movement of heat through
touchII. Convection-Transfer of heat through
liquidIII. Radiation-Passage of heat through the
air.
17
Waves
• Waves move energy from one point to another.
• There are two types of waves:Mechanical: Waves that need a
medium to occur.Electromagnetic: Waves that do
not need a medium.• A medium is the matter that causes
waves (can be a solid, liquid, or gas).• Waves can be categorized as
transversal or longitudinal.
18
Waves (continued)
• Examples of mechanical waves are earthquakes, tsunamis,
Sound waves etc.• Examples of electromagnetic waves
are microwaves, cell phones, radio waves etc.
• Waves can act in different ways:I. Reflection- When waves bounce of a
surfaceII. Refraction- When waves speed is
affected by the mediumIII. Diffraction- When waves go around an
object
19
Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum
• The electromagnetic wave spectrum is a scale the frequency of different electromagnetic waves.
• It begins with the lowest frequency waves (Radio Waves) and ends with the highest frequency waves (Gamma Rays).
Radio Waves
Microwaves
Infrared
VisibleLight
Ultraviolet
X-rays Gamma
Rays
20
Electricity
• Electricity is created by the flow of electrons.
• Through electricity three things occur:I. Electric charge- When an object has
too many or too few electronsII. Electric field- The area around the
charged objectIII. Static electricity- when an object has a
build up of an electric charge
21
Electricity (continued)
• Three ways to charge an object are:I. Induction- Charging an object without
touchingII. Contact- charging an object through
touchIII. Polarization- Like charged objects
repelling from one another and oppositely charged objects attracting to one another
Example of Polarization: