water footprint application in the food industry - avnir · 07/11/2011 ) veolia environnement...

) 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation

Water Footprint: Application in the food industry J.B. Bayart

[avniR] – 4 Nov 2011 – Lille

[email protected]

07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 2

Impacts of water use: a gaining momentum

What we can’t measure, we can’t manage

Damages Inventory Impacts

Aquatic ecotoxicity Ecosystem

quality

Eutrophication

Aquatic Acidification

Oil

Human health

Natural

Resources

Human toxicity

Global Warming

Resources

depletion CO2

Phosphorous

Aluminium

Water

Water

Input

Output

07/11/2011 07/11/2011 3 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation – Sophie Barteau

...

Water pollution

Water Use and Life Cycle Assessment - History

…

…

Inventory

Oil

CO2

Phosphorous

Aluminium

Water

Water

Input

Output

07/11/2011 07/11/2011

Aquatic ecotoxicity Ecosystem

quality

Eutrophication

Aquatic Acidification Human health

Natural

Resources

Human toxicity

Global Warming

Resources

depletion

07/11/2011 4 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation – Sophie Barteau

...

Water Use and Life Cycle Assessment - History

Impacts Damages

…

…

07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation 5 5 5

Milk (1 liter)

1 000 liters

Coffee cup

140 liters

1 Hamburger

2 400 liters

Corn (1 kg)

900 liters

Orange

50 liters

Beef (1 kg)

15 500 liters

Pork (300g)

1 440 liters

Chicken (300g)

1 170 liters

Volume is a very good indicator to raise awareness…

… but not sufficient to represent the impact on water resources

Traditional volumetric approach


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

575g of tomato pasta sauce

250g of peanut candies

Ga

llo

n o

f w

ate

r

The production of peanut

candies requires 6 times

more water than the

production of tomato sauce

Volumetric approach

Ridoutt, B.G., Pfister, S., 2010. A revised approach to water footprinting to make transparent the impacts

of consumption and production on global freshwater scarcity. Global Environ, 20 (1), 113-120

Going beyond a volumetric approach

Water Footprint: tomato pasta sauce vs peanut candies


Ga

llo

n o

f w

ate

r

Volumetric approach

Applying

impact

assessment

factors

Stress-weighted water

footprints

Ga

llo

n-e

q o

f w

ate

r




Stress-weighted water

footprints

Ga

llo

n-e

q o

f w

ate

r

Peanut production:

rain fed agriculture Tomatoes are produced in

water stressed areas



Tomato sauce contributes 10 times more to

freshwater depletion



Water Footprint is not (only) a question of the volume of water

used; it should reflect the impact(s) of an activity on water bodies

Take home message n°1

Water Footprint: life cycle impact category indicator reult(s) that assesse(s) the contribution of the system under study to water impact ISO 14046 – Water Footprint – in preparation

10

Several methodologies in development…

Human health Ecosystem quality Resources

Hoekstra

Frischknecht Midpoint

Ridoutt Pfister

Mila-I-Canals Mila-I-Canals

Veolia

Pfister

Bayart


Boulay

Maendly Humbert Boesch

Van Zelm

Endpoint

Pfister

Motoshita

Pfister Pfister

Verones

Hanafiah Motoshita

Ecoinvent Bayart

WFN

GaBi

Inventory

WBCSD Peters

Boulay

Vince

Mila-I-

Canals

Water resource per capita

Seckler

Smakhtin

Falkenmark

Ohlsson

Alcamo

Sullivan

Pfister

Water Poverty Index

Gleick

Raskin

Water indexes

Hoekstra

© Quantis, 2007-2010

Boulay

WFN

Databases Methods

Frischknecht

Boulay

Basic water needs


and HDI

Withdrawal to availability

Consumption-to-availability

Veolia

Quantis

WDB

11

Several methodologies in development…


Hoekstra

Frischknecht Midpoint

Ridoutt Pfister

Mila-I-Canals Mila-I-Canals

Veolia

Pfister

Bayart


Boulay

Maendly Humbert Boesch

Van Zelm

Endpoint

Pfister

Motoshita

Pfister Pfister

Verones

Hanafiah Motoshita

Ecoinvent Bayart

WFN

GaBi

Inventory

WBCSD Peters

Boulay

Vince

Mila-I-

Canals


Seckler

Smakhtin

Falkenmark

Ohlsson

Alcamo

Sullivan

Pfister

Water Poverty Index

Gleick

Raskin

Water indexes

Hoekstra

© Quantis, 2007-2010

Boulay

WFN

Databases Methods

Frischknecht

Boulay

Basic water needs


and HDI

Withdrawal to availability

Consumption-to-availability

Veolia

Quantis

WDB

Different methodologies in development, for different purposes



Example: the Water Impact Index – a simplified water footprint metric

The Water Impact Index accounts for… … the reduction of water resources availability generated by a human activity. It allows evaluating how other water users (both humans and ecosystems) would potentially be deprived from this resource. … expressed in “m3 – Water Impact Index - equivalent”

Application: industrial water management

Functional unit: water management of a food can factory for producing 10 tons of product


Food production process 1

Food production

process i


Water treatment process 1

Water treatment process i

RIVER

Factory


Energy; Chemicals

Sludges

Municipal WWTP


Food production

process i


System boundaries


Functional unit: water management of a food can factory for producing 10 tons of product




RIVER


Energy; Chemicals

Sludges

Municipal WWTP

Application: industrial water management - results


Raw water abstraction

is responsible for

water availability

decrease



Water release =

limited decrease of

the Water Impact

Index (quality

degradation)


is responsible for

water availability

decrease



Water release =

limited decrease of

the Water Impact

Index (quality

degradation)

Important contribution

of indirect Water

Impact Index

(because of scarcity)


is responsible for

water availability

decrease

Water withdrawal vs Water Impact Index

18

Higher contribution of

chemicals production

(assumed to be produced in

Spain)

Water Scarcity

Spain: WSI = 0.7

Plant location: WSI = 0.2


Food production

process i



Wish: implementing water reuse. Is it « water friendly »?




RIVER


Energy; Chemicals

Sludges

Municipal WWTP

Indirect effect: reduction of chemicals and energy consumption


Reduction of direct water

impact index through water

saving…

…but higher benefit from

chemicals and energy

saving! (better leverage for

improvement)

An optimum should be

find between direct water

saving and

energy/chemicals

consumption

Water Footprint is already an operational decision-support tool


Combination of decision support tools

07/11/2011 21 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation – Sophie Barteau

« Footprint » combination


Conclusion

Water Footprint is not (only) a question of the volume of water

used; it should reflect the impact(s) of an activity on water bodies


Different methodologies in development, for different purposes


Water Footprint is already an operational decision-support tool


) 07/11/2011 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation

Thank you for your attention [email protected]

[avniR] – 4 Nov 2011 – Lille

water footprint application in the food industry - avnir · 07/11/2011 ) veolia environnement...

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