Warm Up & EQ

Scientific MethodHow do scientists solve problems?

Scientific Method

Series of problem-solving procedures that help scientists conduct experiments

Scientific methods are used by scientists to help organize and plan their experiments and investigations.

Factors of the Scientific Method

1. Hypothesis: testable explanation of a situation that can be supported or disproved

2. Experiment: classified as an organized procedure that involves making observations and measurements to test a hypothesis.

Factors of the Scientific Method

3. Variable: factor that can cause a change in the results of an experiment• Independent variable: the factor that is

changed by the experimenter• Dependent variable: a factor that is affected

by changes in the independent variable.

4. Control: factor that does not change when other variable do• used in an experiment to show that the

results of an experiment are a result of the condition being tested.

Data

• Two Types of Data

1. Qualitative Data: Express with Numbers

2. Quantitative Data: Express with

Descriptions

• Display in graphs (Bar, Line, Circle) and/ or

tables

o X axis: Independent Variable

o Y axis: Dependent Variable

Analyze Results

1. If results are consistent with hypothesis, communicate and publish results.

2. If results are not consistent with hypothesis, modify experiment.

Communicating Results

1. Lab Reports

2. Graphs and tables

3. Models

4. Theories

5. Laws

Graphs

Line graphs, the independent variable is plotted on the horizontal (x) axis, and the dependent variable is plotted on the vertical (y) axis

Circle graphs show a fixed quantity using slices representing parts of the whole.

Bar graphs represent quantitative data using bars.

Models

A scientific model is an idea picture, a system, or a mathematical expression that represents the concept being explained.

Theories and Laws

A scientific theory is an explanation based on many observations during repeated investigations.

A scientific law is a principle that describes the behavior of a natural phenomenon.

Reliable Experiments

1. Other scientists must be able to repeat the experiment and obtain the same results.

2. The bigger the sample the more reliable the results.

3. The more an experiment is preformed the more reliable the results.

Assignment

This car will not start.

start

1.What are some possible reasons the car will not start?

2.How would you test your guesses?

Everyday Science

Scientific Method in everyday

1. Car will not start =____________

2. Out of gas? = _________________

3. Adding gas and seeing if car starts = ___________________________

4. Car doesn’t start = _____________

5. It wasn’t out of gas = _____________________________ (disproves hypothesis this time)

Everyday Science

Scientific Method in everyday1. Car will not start =Observation

2. Out of gas? = Hypothesis

3. Adding gas and seeing if car starts = Experiment

4. Car doesn’t start = Data/Results

5. It wasn’t out of gas =Conclusion/ Revise (disproves hypothesis this time)

Assignment: Write a hypothesis for each of the following research problems. Identify the dependent and independent variable for each.

 1. What effect does high temperature have on onion growth rates?

2. What effect does light have on plant growth?

3. What effect do different mouthwashes have on bad breath?

4. What effect does light have on plant growth?

Warm up

1. What does physiology mean?

2. Who needs to study anatomy?

Anatomy & Physiology

Chapter 1

Pg. 2-11

Overview

Anatomy: the study of the structure and shape of the body

1. Gross anatomy

2. Microscopic anatomy

Physiology: the study of how the body functions Physio- nature -ology: study of

Anatomical structure determines physiology. Example: The structure of the heart is hollow, so blood can

flow through it to be pumped throughout the body.

Anatomy vs. Physiology

1. ____ Understanding the function of each body system.

2. ____ Identifying all the organs of the digestive system.

3. ____ Knowing that the heart has four chambers.

4. ____ Drawing blood to test for iron amounts.

5. ____ Dissecting a mink to determine what the intestines look like.

6. ____ Knowing that the lungs exchange CO2 for O2

What are the levels of structural organization of the body?

1. Atom

2. C e l l

3. T i s s u e

4. O r g a n

5. S y s t e m

6.O r g a n i s m

What are the body systems?

1. Integumentary

2. Skeletal

3. Muscular

4. Nervous

5. Cardiovascular

6. Respiratory

7. Digestive

8. Lymphatic

9. Urinary

10. Reproductive

11. Endocrine

Sometimes Urinary and Reproductive are merged together into the urogenital system.

How does the body function to maintain life?

1. Maintaining boundaries2. Movement3. Responsiveness4. Digestion5. Metabolism6. Excretion7. Reproduction8. Growth

What does the body need to survive?

1. Nutrients- energy for the body Body System-

2. Oxygen- for respiration Body System-

3. Water- 60-80% of body weight Body System-

4. Body temperature- 98 degrees F Body System-

5. Atmospheric pressure- respiration depends on pressure

Body System-

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis: the ability of the body to regulate its self.Homeostatic balance occurs when the body

has everything it needs to run correctly or it is healthy

Homeostatic imbalance: when the body is not functioning properly or it is unhealthy Example: infection, disease, decrease in body

temperature, dehydration

How the body maintains homeostasis.

3. Control center

1. stimulus

2. receptor

4. effector

Warm Up

List any body cavities you may knowWhat is another name for your head?What part of the body is your heart found

in?What part of the body is your stomach

found in?

Anatomy Language

Pg. 11-17

Anatomical Position

Body erect Legs parallel Arms hanging down

with palms up

Why is it important that you understand the anatomical position?

Terminology Groups

1. Directional

2. Regional

3. Planes

4. Cavities

Describe each type of term using your textbook

Warm up: Atomic structure

Protons Positive charge Inside nucleus

Neutrons No charge Inside nucleus

Electrons Negative charge Orbits nucleus

1. Draw a diagram of a nitrogen atom using the periodic table on pg 542.

2. What is the atomic number of nitrogen?3. What is the symbol?

Biochemistry

Chapter 2

Atomic Symbols

1. O2. C 3. K 4. I 5. H 6. N 7. Ca 8. Na 9. P 10. Mg 11. Fe

Organic vs Inorganic

Organic- containing C, living1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic acid

Inorganic- lack C, non living1. Salts2. Water3. Acids4. Bases

Water

Why water essential to the human body?

1. High heat capacity- prevents sudden temperature changes

2. Polarity- excellent solvent

3. Chemical reactivity

4. Cushioning- protection for the body