vocabulary review homeostasis and cell transport cell transport
TRANSCRIPT
Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview
Homeostasis andHomeostasis and
Cell TransportCell Transport
The movement of substances across a cell membrane without any input
of energy
Passive Transport
The movement of molecules from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
The difference in the concentration
of molecules across a distance
Concentration gradient
Concentration of molecules is the same throughout
the space the molecules occupy
Equilibrium
Movement of water molecules
from high concentration to
low concentration
Osmosis
Concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is LOWER than in the
cytosol; water diffuses into the cell
Hypotonic
Concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is
HIGHER than in the cytosol; water
diffuses out of the cell
Hypertonic
Concentrations of solutes outside
and inside the cell are equal
Isotonic
Organelles that remove water
through contraction
Contractile Vacuoles
The pressure that water molecules exert against the
cell wall
Turgor pressure
The shrinking of a cell due to water’s moving out the cell when placed in a
hypertonic environment
Plasmolysis
The swelling and eventual bursting of
a cell as water moves into it when
placed in a hypotonic
environment
Cytolysis
The movement of substances across a cell membrane
with the assistance of
protein carriers
Facilitated Diffusion
The proteins that move certain
molecules into the cell that cannot readily diffuse
through the cell membrane
Carrier Proteins
A complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane
that form a pore through which ions
can pass
Ion Channels
The movement of chemical
substances, usually across the cell
membrane, against a concentration
gradient; requires energyActive
Transport
A carrier protein that uses ATP to
actively transport sodium ions out of
a cell and potassium ions
into the cellSodium-
Potassium Pump
The process by which a cell membrane
surrounds a particle and encloses the
particle in a vesicle to bring the particle
into the cellEndocytosis
Small cavity or sac that contains
materials; forms when part of the
membrane surrounds the materials to be
taken into or out of the cellVesicle
A method of active transport across
the cell membrane in which the cell
takes in extracellular fluids
Pinocytosis
The process by which a cell engulfs
large particles or whole cells, either
as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain
foodPhagocytosis
A cell that ingests and destroys
(digests) foreign matter or
microorganisms
Phagocyte
The process by which a substance is released
from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then
fuses with the membrane to let the
substance out
Exocytosis