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Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview
Homeostasis andHomeostasis and
Cell TransportCell Transport
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The movement of substances across a cell membrane without any input
of energy
Passive Transport
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The movement of molecules from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
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The difference in the concentration
of molecules across a distance
Concentration gradient
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Concentration of molecules is the same throughout
the space the molecules occupy
Equilibrium
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Movement of water molecules
from high concentration to
low concentration
Osmosis
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Concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is LOWER than in the
cytosol; water diffuses into the cell
Hypotonic
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Concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is
HIGHER than in the cytosol; water
diffuses out of the cell
Hypertonic
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Concentrations of solutes outside
and inside the cell are equal
Isotonic
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Organelles that remove water
through contraction
Contractile Vacuoles
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The pressure that water molecules exert against the
cell wall
Turgor pressure
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The shrinking of a cell due to water’s moving out the cell when placed in a
hypertonic environment
Plasmolysis
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The swelling and eventual bursting of
a cell as water moves into it when
placed in a hypotonic
environment
Cytolysis
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The movement of substances across a cell membrane
with the assistance of
protein carriers
Facilitated Diffusion
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The proteins that move certain
molecules into the cell that cannot readily diffuse
through the cell membrane
Carrier Proteins
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A complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane
that form a pore through which ions
can pass
Ion Channels
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The movement of chemical
substances, usually across the cell
membrane, against a concentration
gradient; requires energyActive
Transport
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A carrier protein that uses ATP to
actively transport sodium ions out of
a cell and potassium ions
into the cellSodium-
Potassium Pump
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The process by which a cell membrane
surrounds a particle and encloses the
particle in a vesicle to bring the particle
into the cellEndocytosis
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Small cavity or sac that contains
materials; forms when part of the
membrane surrounds the materials to be
taken into or out of the cellVesicle
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A method of active transport across
the cell membrane in which the cell
takes in extracellular fluids
Pinocytosis
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The process by which a cell engulfs
large particles or whole cells, either
as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain
foodPhagocytosis
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A cell that ingests and destroys
(digests) foreign matter or
microorganisms
Phagocyte
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The process by which a substance is released
from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then
fuses with the membrane to let the
substance out
Exocytosis