vinay action2 research report
TRANSCRIPT
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A Report on the Study of MNREGS & Agriculture
system In Amreha village (Jasra Block)
(Allahabad)
Submitted to:
Prof. Pradeep Bhargva Dr. Sunit
Singh
Director, GBPSSI Programcoordinator
Allahabad MBA (RD)
By:
Vinay Kumar Mishra
Poonam Gwal
Ravi Kant Singh Yadav
Abhishek Tiwari
MBA-(Rural Development),
3rdSemester
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G.B. Pant Social Sciences Institute
Jhusi Allahabad
Contents
Acknowledgement.3
Introduction.........................................................................4
Summary ..............................................................................5-6
Objective of village visit.......................................................7
Methodology 8
MNREGS 9-13
Agribusiness Systems 14-18
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Acknowledgement
We be obliged our regards to our facilitator Mr. Chandra Parkash
for his commendable support. He arranged for our convenient
visit, which helped us to do our work smoothly.
We would like to give our sincere thanks to the Villagers of
Amreha, who provided us all the information that we needed.
Krishna Club members who provide us help in every stage
personally as well as the entire department.
We thanks to Dr. Neela Mukherjee and Professor Pradeep
Bhargava who taught us what Action research is theoretically,
correlates the action research tools with field visit. We want
especially thanks to Dr.Sunit Singh, under whose guidance we got
this opportunity. He explains the steps of Supply chain
management. We also add my gratitude to our faculty membersfor their incessant motivation and encouragement.
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We would also like to thank our college facilitators Mr. Vinay
Yadav & Mr. Vishnu Pandey for their support during our village
stay program.
Special regards to my partners Mr. Abhishek Tiwari, Mr. Ravikant
Singh Yadav and Ms. Poonam who supported me during our entire
visit.
Introduction
This time in the Intervention of rural area, we got the opportunityto study the status of NREGS and to see how NREGS function and
good agricultural practices Agribusiness systems at grass root
level, we study the aspirations of Kisan Club members and
important is the mutual understanding among them. We found
much help by checklist for completing our task. As a rural
development professional our objective was find out their
structure, working culture of development organization. We were
required to find out answers to following questions based on
interviews and group discussions: How it related with
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development. What are its different components/elements? Is it a
learning organization? What is womens role in the organizations?
Summary
Amreha village is agriculture based and it is a large source of
production of various types of vegetables. There people had less
amount of agriculture land but very fertile for agriculture. So
people who have less land as two Bighas they also produce
vegetables in satisfactory level for their family and for sold in
market. In 1 km far they sold their vegetables in a Jasra mandi. In
this report, we try to analyses their agriculture system and their
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agriculture related problems from production to procurement and
market related disparities. Our objectives were to drawn
agriculture related following informations from villager and know
the grassroots realities
Change in agriculture system from past to present time.
Agriculture practices Irrigation facilities
Pattern of cropping system
Impact of new technology on production system
Supply chain management facilities in village
Second part of the study was understood the impact of NREGA
and assessment of assets which made under NREGA. Are the
assets are using for village development or employment
generation activity. We assess various people views about Impact
of NREGA in their village and individual life, in which some job
card holders, school teacher, outsider which living near in the
village shopkeepers also. Our objectives were to drawn NREGArelated following informations from villager and know the
grassroots realities
All people share their views and gives suggestions to
improve NREGA condition in village.
More people said NREGA is a best employment guarantee
scheme but it cannot follow as a guideline basis,
The activities like Corruptions and illiteracy of villager
making NREGA not fruitful. It needs both sides
understanding to improve NREGA condition.
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At last, we try to correlate the NREGA work and
agriculture system. What are the interface between NREGA and
Agriculture system? How the NREGA relate works contributed in
well improvement in agriculture related problems as irrigation,
road linkage, Recharge of traditional ponds, lack of social forestry.
NREGA work helped to build good relationship between labors and
farmers, which is, founds contradictory to each other. Their good
relationship development gave satisfactory wage to labors in their
land cultivation; irrigation related works and farmer got good and
reliable workers for agriculture related works.
Objective of village visit
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Village visit in Amreha village of Jasra Block we had following
objectives
To Study the Agricultural System in grass-root level and
overview on supply chain management from producer to
consumer.
A supply chain management is a network of facilities and
distribution options that performs the functions of
procurement of materials, transformation of these materials
into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution
of these finished products to customers
Good or traditional agriculture practices and new
technological practices used in agriculture.
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Methodology:
1. Non-participant observation
2. Semi-structured interviews
3. Transact walk with the villagers and Kisan Club
4. Participatory Rural Appraisal
5. Use of 6 helpers i.e. what, why, when, how and how much,
whom and whose
6. Find Household details
7. Mechanism of job card registration
8. Check Issue of job card
9. Check Registration & application for job (work)
10.Impact on Wages, Income and Quality of Life
11.Impact on out-migration
12.Assessment of awareness and constraints of GP
functionaries
13.Verification of assets created under NREGS
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Agriculture system
Findings:
Good Agriculture Practices- People using cow dung onlyBio input and no traditional practice of making fertilizer. No
organic farming practice some government and privatecompanies comes for training of organic farming so some people
started to made organic compost but not regular in their work of
making. People do not want to do organic farming because it took
time to made and it not much increase in their production but
decrease their production. Farmers know excess use of chemical
fertilizer decreasing their land production capacity with passage
of time but they do not want to use compost fertilizer. They said
in less land they cannot profuse more from compost fertilizer and
they want easy way to got more production, at first they want to
live for their present and not conscious about future.
Caste settlement In Amreha village, Higher caste peopleare Kushwahas, Morya, Yadav involved in agriculture and lower
caste people as Bind, Dhaikar are labor.
Land distribution-highercast people had maximum land
was up to 30 Bigha only but production is good in 2 Bigha landalso.
Soil-There soil was very fertile so people mainly focused onproduction of vegetables.
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Crops Vegetables-Wheat, paddy, and seasonal vegetables.Main focus on seasonal vegetables and crops are less produce
because from crops they got less money cause of long time taken
in ready to sell, need more water for irrigation, labor need and
machinery like tractor, thresher, so crops sowing was costly forsmall farmer and less amount got cause fixed rate in mandi. In
producing of vegetables it taken less time to ready in 1 to 2
months only, no need labor, less water and in mandi they got full
payment, some time they got high rate for vegetables according
market demand but some time less loss on sell.
Irrigation facilities-Ponds, tube-well, wells and main was
canal. People paid 80 Rs. /hour in 1 Bigha. There are 6 ponds butonly one was using for irrigation which had low water level and
other 1 large and 4 small ponds are using in Fisheries under
NREGA.
Seeds- Farmers using Hybrid seeds of vegetables and paddybecause It is timely available in market and in fertile land it helps
in more production and good quality of vegetables. Second cause
was people had less agriculture land so they used excess quantity
of chemicals and chemical fertilizers as DAP, NPK mainly. Theycould not use to prepare seeds in home because less production
and hybrid seeds available in market .Hybrid seed of Paddy need
less use of water and in 1 Bigha they produce 20 quintal which is
much in one Bigha land. In tomato farming farmer use hybrid
seed it produce better quality and hard and less loss in tomato
procurement or sell in market.
Chemical Fertilizers-NPK, DAP, Potash, Zinc, Urea. Excess use
of chemicals increase their production but they using chemicals
only those vegetables which they sown for marketing purpose
and for their home consumption they sown vegetables separately,
because they know excess use of chemical effect in their health
and cause serious problems.
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Availability Of chemical fertilizers- Many time chemical
fertilizers not available in market so farmers bought in black
market. In cooperative Society seeds, fertilizer and chemicals not
access to poor people because society distribute large amount in
large farmers and small farmers not got fertilizers in time.
Marketing of vegetables & Grains- Amreha farmers sold their
vegetables in nearest mandi in small mandi, maximum supply of
vegetables from Amreha and nearest villages. Now days they sold
cabbage, which is maximum sown in village, according market
needs. Minimum rate was Rs.2 /100 and maximum rate was
Rs.8/100. Second number was potato which minimum rate was
Rs.60 /quintal and present time potato prize was Rs.18/kg. Many
time they got very less rate of vegetables or some time rate is
profitable cause of uncertainty in market demand and depends on
production.
Problems- In case of potato farmer produce old potato and in
mandi, new potato supply from Furukhabad and Kanpur mandi at
that time old potato rate goes down. In production of vegetables
villagers produce same vegetable in every one field so when one
vegetable much produced in village and in mandi they not gotminimum support prize. some its against production level less and
demand increase or rate high at that time large farmer got its
profit and small farmer loss.
Paddy and Wheat is main crop and its government rate is
Rs.1000/quintal. There is Buyer center old grains but payment
done by check, which is hectic for farmers. Check made from
Allahabad bank, which is far from village so scope not easily goes
far for only money. So people not sold their grain in mandi sold tomiddleman in less prize which is loss for them.
If a vegetable rate goes down people not sown that vegetable as
garlic rate was Rs.25/kg so people not sown garlic but now garlic
rate become Rs.60/kg now people felt loss why they not sown
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garlic. This problem shows without no forecast of future prize they
loss so farmer need information of future approximate rate of
vegetable and it demand. It is main cause of uncertainty for
farmer.
Farmer Club- There was farmer club but it was only for name
none of work they done from farmer club for other farmers. From
cooperative society farmer not got seed, fertilizer in time and
their people easily give small farmer only large farmer had access
to seeds and fertilizer in time. Small farmer goes to market.
Farmer club nothing doing in this direction.
ObjectiveTheir main objective was saving money this was the
main cause of formulation of their group. They were savingregular basis. In addition, saving habit made them free from
moneylender debt. Today they not go for money outside their
own money them using in their need and in problem time.
Mission-There mission was using money in sustainable resource
which help them lifetime support. They can enable to make
investments in health and education and assist her to build up
assets like housing. Other people inspire for Savings mobilization
through KISAN CLUB, which was highly effective too- especially in
a context of vulnerability of rural households to a range of
idiosyncratic and covariant risks, and ineffectiveness of informal
social networks in protecting them against such risk.
Vision -Kisan Club vision was to give well education for their
members about agricultural production. Develop a sustainable
livelihood option and use of money in future making of Villagers.
Kisan Club members were illiterate and very poor they had no
ability to deposited money regularly but they minimize their food
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related expense and save amount of money what ever decided
by groups per month. Therefore, they had no long-term goal and
mission for achieving any dream project. They want to safe their
present and future by saving habit.
Leadership style- There was one Head and one secretary or
treasurer who elected by Kisan Club members and it can be
changed if any head not well performing his work. So Kisan Club
seen as a leadership style group and every one had right to lead
or express their views.
Learning organization-Kisan Club was learning organization
because the members of Kisan Club always learn somethings by
formal training session of mandi Sameeti.
Womens role-It is not a woman Kisan Club, so women roles are
absent.
Output and outcome- There output was due to saving habit
they incresed savings money before formulation of Kisan Club.
They had nothing bank balance but today they saved money from
their less expenses.
Strength and weakness-There Strengths are as follows: as a
Team work felling, well interpersonal communication within the
group members. Their Weakness is uneducated, untrained
members. They had no information about banking facilities. They
need guidance and awareness about process of banking.
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Suggestion-Awareness about money invested in right place.
Need of short term trainings for increasing of income generation
activity.
Learning- From This community Organization I learned the lesion
as follows:
Improve saving habits for future it is need of everyone
without money we cannot imagine our life.
Now a days when we are paying for that natural thingswater, cool air which is natural resources then we should
learn use money in a best way and develop a saving habit
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Evaluation of NREGA-
Findings:
Descriptions of NREGA:NREGA is designed as a safety net
to reduce migration by rural poor households in the lean period
through A hundred days of guaranteed unskilled manual labor
provided when demanded at minimum wage on works focused on
water conservation, land development & drought proofing.
Notification of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
came in September 2005. It launched on February 2, 2006.
NREGA is the flagship programme of the UPA Government that
directly touches lives of the poor and promotes inclusive growth.
The Act aims at enhancing livelihood security of households in
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rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days
of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every
household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled
manual work. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
is the flagship programme of Government of India, which is
unique and first of its kind.
Objective: The NREG Act guarantees every rural household up
to 100 days of wage employment in a year within a period of 15
days of demand for such employment. Among other things, suchas creation of sustainable assets, rural infrastructure, etc. the
scheme ensures better quality of life and enhanced income for
rural households by providing 100 days of employment in a
staggered manner which is intended to be utilized by the
beneficiaries in a rational and judicious way to combat drought,
distress migration and lean agricultural seasons, etc.
Objective of NREGA:
Augmenting wage employment. Strengthening natural resource
management through works that address causes of chronic
poverty like drought, deforestation and soil erosion and so
encourage sustainable development. Strengthening grassroots
processes of democracy Infusing transparency and accountability
in governance. Strengthening decentralization and deepening
processes of democracy by giving a pivotal role to the Panchayat
Raj Institutions in planning, monitoring and implementation.
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Unique Features of NREGA: Time bound employment
guarantee and wage payment within 15 days. Incentive
disincentive structure to the State Governments for providing
employment as 90 per cent of the cost for employment provided
is borne by the Centre or payment of unemployment allowance at
their own cost and emphasis on labor-intensive works prohibiting
the use of contractors and machinery. The Act mandates 33
percent participation for women.
NREGA implementation :The following image shows the key
processes in the implementation of NREGA .Cost sharing: Central
Government 3/4th, State Government 1/4th Adult members of
rural households submit their name, age and address with photo
to the Gram Panchayat. The Gram Panchayat registers
households after making enquiry and issues a job card. The job
card contains the details of adult member enrolled and his /her
photo. Registered person can submit an application for work in
writing (for at least fourteen days of continuous work) either to
Panchayat or to Programme Officer. The Panchayat/programme
officer will accept the valid application and issue dated receipt of
application, letter-providing work will be sent to the applicant and
also displayed at Panchayat office. The employment will be
provided within a radius of 5 km: if it is above 5 km extra wage
will be paid If employment under the scheme is not provided
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within fifteen days of receipt of the application daily
unemployment allowance will be paid to the applicant.
Monitoring & Evaluation done in NREGA:The Ministry
has set up a comprehensive monitoring system. For effective
monitoring of the projects 100% verification of the works at the
Block level, 10% at the District level and 2% at the State level
inspections need to be ensure. These convergence efforts will add
value to NREGA, works and aid in creating durable efforts and
also enable planned and coordinated public investments in ruralareas.
Evaluation of NREGA: Assessment of the effectiveness of
the scheme vis--vis achievement of its desired goals and
objectives depends on (a) gauging the outcome of the scheme
and (b) analyzing the extent of implementation of the guidelines
enshrined in the NREG Act in letter and spirit.Impact of NREG: Female-headed household participation in
the works is very encouraging ranging from 12 to 52 percent.
Though the scheme envisages at least one-third of the total
person-days to be ear marked for women participants, it is too
early to judge on this point since the effective time duration of the
scheme in these 20 districts is uneven and in some cases the
scheme hardly taken off.
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Critical Issues of NREGA, how they are address -
Issues Related to Job Cards:
To ensure that rural families likely to seek unskilled manual labor
are identifying & verify against reasonably reliable local data base
so that non-domiciled contractors workers are not used on
NREGA works.
Issues Related to Selection of Works:Selection of
works by gram sabha in villages and display after approval of
shelf of projects, to ensure public choice, transparency and
accountability and prevent material intensive, contractor based
works and concocted works records.
Issues related to Execution of Works:At least half the
works should run by gram Panchayat. Maintenance of muster roll
by executing agency numbered muster rolls, which only show job
card holders must be found at each work to prevent contractor
led works.
Issues related to measurement of work done:
Regular measurement of work done according to a schedule of
rural rate sensitive Supervision of Works by qualified technical
personnel on time.
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Issues related to Payments: Payment of wages through
banks and post offices to close avenues for use of contractors,
short payment and corruption.
Grass-roots level difficulties: In Amreha village Pradhan
shared his difficulties in implementation of NREGA was that in
roads contraction work interlocking blocks were using and it
needs very less labour so beneficiaries are angry to Pradhan
because he using less people in road making work and Pradhan
said it is order from Zila Panchayat to used interlocking blocks in
road making.
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Observations on Payment of Wages:
gender-biased wages
Bank A/c in Bara block but pass book not given so delay of
payment,
Work-site and muster roll Observations:
1. Basic facilities i.e., sheds, drinking water, crche, are not give
to workers.
2. Participation rate of women is satisfactory
Positive Impact of the Scheme:
1. Creation of durable assets at village and household level There
3 small and 1 large ponds made under NREGA in which fisheries
are done by village people. Every pond distributed to beneficiaries
and they earn their livelihood from fishes selling.
2. NREGA no effective in arresting out-migration because people
migrate in Amreha village for stone breaker work there they got
150 Rs. per day and according to work so lacking people inworking NREGA. Another cause was new check payment system
is hectic for rural poor to go bank and there many days taken in
opening account and formalities in banking system.
Difficulties in compliance of features of the NREG Act:
No facilities of drinking water, shelter, primary health care or
child care for working mother children.
No attendance record of labours in working site.
Not complete work of 100 days in a year.
Gender biasness in assigning of work.
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Pass book made but not distributed
Many beneficiaries not got payment of work and some
people got less than their work
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