vietnam war pwr pt
TRANSCRIPT
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Vietnam War
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Early US Involvement
• US involved through 5 presidential terms
• Truman—military aid for French
• Eisenhower—financial aid for France; military advisors for S. Vietnam
• Kennedy—military personnel in advising capacity
• Johnson—sent troops into battle
• Nixon—pulled troops out of war
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• Eisenhower defended US policy with domino theory--– Vietnam falls to communism so would others
• French struggled with guerilla tactics—– Irregular troops blending in with civilian
population
• Geneva Accords—French Indochina divided into Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
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Textbook Pg 773
Vietnam divided at 17th parallel
•North controlled by Vietminh•South had pro-western regime
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Edging Closer to War
• Ngo Dinh Diem, ldr S. Vietnam, refused to hold national election
• Ho Chi Minh, ldr N. Vietnam, set out to unify North and South Vietnam– Created Vietcong, a guerilla army
• Kennedy continued support for S. Vietnam– Military personnel sent in ‘advising’ capacity
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Johnson’s Turn
• Inherited Vietnam problem after Kennedy’s assassination (4th President in Vietnam)
• Cautious, but determined to keep S. Vietnam from becoming communist state
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Textbook Pg 773
Gulf of Tonkin incident:
*N.Vietnamese fired upon US ships
•Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – Congress gives war powers to President
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• 1965 Johnson sends in the troops
–Fight along side S. Vietnamese troops
• Underestimated Vietcong strength
• Refused full scale invasion of N. Vietnam
–Feared China become involved
• Refused full-scale attack on Vietcong supply line—Ho Chi Minh Trail
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Textbook Pg 797
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Tet Offensive
• Tet (Vietnamese New Year) offensive surprise attack by Vietcong and North Vietnamese
• Attacked almost all American airbases in S. Vietnam, major cities, provincial capitals
• Military disaster for Communist forces
• American public shocked enemy could launch this size attack
• Media openly criticized war effort
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Textbook Pg 788
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Problems at Home
• Increase in casualties, led to increase in protests
• Public resistance to draft escalated
• 26th Amendment lowered voting age to 18
• March 31, 1968 Johnson withdrew reelection bid based on public opinion
• Richard Nixon elected President based on campaign promise to end war (5th president involved)
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Ending the War• Henry Kissinger—gained authority to find
way to end war– Began peace talks with N. Vietnam
• Nixon began Vietnamization– Gradual withdrawal of troops
• January 1973 both sides agree to end war
• March 1975 N. Vietnam invades again– US refuses assistance– By April N. Vietnamese capture Saigon and
united N & S Vietam as one nation under communist rule
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The End