r" -- ........

at DO B•Of a di Of o.t- Qlly 1 t s I lib rfllllemb<Jr

during the Moscow all · "Gene raJ. fltafi'" nail killed ott and Trot~f himself, t..>.•~; gu11 t;y or· the m ~!~~~~~~an It '• , the a tate. -" ......... ~- --wu,. '

or•n•u.J.-..v, the total disregard tor and, moe:t or a.ll, . ~-a whole _decade ant.l more of' time--in which to fabricate . ·· . s . g_l'eJ1.. test fJ:Allle-up,, in all his tory. fJv£~" twfL.rJ:tJ&. fv'-.</-ftC.,p.J 1 > _ <?~.f/-~ ·~1 ~~ew- ,.v,cr- lt-11~ '71'l;;,~M- .,,..,r. ~~+ '*'-,y'JI.rM-·,..:·-"·•r-'~·

!l'hoa ~~ax~:can press w<>.lld hold open two columna or spac19 tor ~ ,.,;J i""'"··­Tl'otsky to answer thE\ ~barges. He had only a coupl_e_ of hcr.1rs 1

1.;,7/; r- ·

1n which to do this. '\J!il n&Vel' knew what the accuaa.t.ion would ' be~~'Kat -~he ;rear he was alleged to have done this: or that. "·:-·"'...,"""'~rli Mol'eWer, the Trials ~U-'1~~ at a time ot tha greates'l.,personal gl'ief' in the Tt'Otsk;y ~~ tor the long arm or theGili!JJ G-ru had reached out to kil the oniy living sQl of Trotsky, Leon. .

$edoU. It was a pt'edete!'mined, insidioueJ.r planned feat ofc.~ , master intriguant, calculated to give Trotsky the blow that u·~,~ ~ hcpad would render him incapable of answering the accusations against himself', that they knew would COU!e in two short weeks.

y, . Indeed, the death of Leon Sed~ inflicted the deepest wound 1 and in the moat vulnorable spot, Leon Davidovich and NataJ.ia IVSllOVna locked themselVes into ths1r room !ll'ld would see no one,

For a whole week they did not ccue out of theil' room,and only one pel'son was permitted in--the one who brought, them the mail, and food, of which they partook 11 ttl e.

ThOse were dismal daye for t.he whole housellold, We did not see either L.D. or Natalia. We did not know hew they fared and feared the consequences or the tragedy upon them. J

We moved typewriters, the telephone, and even door belle to tbe guard hOUse, OUt or sound or their l'OOm, Their part Of the

"'•\ ' ~\

-2-

hOuse beoama de&thl;r 'qU1et.. Then was an oppressive aixo, as . it t.he WhOle mOWltdn oha!n ot llexioo wen p~ess1ng down Upon th1;a_ h'!Y.Jaa• · ·

The blow waa the hard ex- ncL'rml;r beoe.use LeO!;I .BIIIl~~-had bean tb.eixo onl:r l'omain1ng living c!J;;ld, but al.so ~m he had been Trotak;r' a clciaeat 11terar;r lllld political oollaboratoxo. Whan Trotalq,was 1nt.erned in Norwa;r, gaaged, unable to anwet• the ~Clttatroua ohat'gea lmolled against him in the Firat Moscow 'rl'iala (Augupt ~936), B&itol.f had penned 1d! ,1;4-!!:g ~. which l b7. bnlliantl;r. exposing the Moscow tal.s.1fiera, deliltan 1l'~arabla blow to tho prestige ot the GPO,

In. t)l.a _dart daye a1'tar ths tragic noms had reached us, whom L.D, and_ t.ldaJ.~ :r.vanO\"Da were tll ooatfld ilt thal r l!"Oom, Trotsky wxoote the lit'or;r (!1 their son's llrief .lite, It was the t'!rst Ume a_1Jtcn prc>-l'eVoluticmary daYs tb&t Trotsk;r had written by hand,

Trot13k;r labor&~! late into the night, One da;r he was up at 7 a.m •. , and wrdlte until midnight, The next da;r1 he arose at 8 a.m., and workfild atr11.ight thxoough to 3 a.m. the t'ollowing morning, ·

'lti.e last day or that week, he did not go to sleep until five 1n the morning, He drove himself harder than any or his staff,

Leon Trotsky- ·r~rote an average or 2000 words a day, He gave statements to the NANA, the UP, the !l2, Havas Agency, France, the London DdlY E!<preu, and to the ~!exicsn newspapers, · Hi'll -declarations ·..-ere also issue« in the Russian and Gel:'msn languagos.

I The matel'ial. was dictateci in Russia!!. While;-il'anscribed the dictation, the other secreatriee checked eve!:')' date, name, and place mentioned at the tl:'ial.s. Trotak;r demanded met,ioulous objective research work 1 fol:' the accusers_ h~d- t.o. -b& turned into the accused. 12621

. .'_!, .-

..

·,' -,.

~sJ' -~·

< - ' . • . 3 . . . •' if!).l: ~- g .J:<'-:...~o u:msed to o.ub.Jectlv !sm was th ts rcvt>lutlp~flry .. bhatte · m de~nlv incensed w:,en t)le -raT'ers urlnted "rumo••s" that Stalin . had e.t nO time .bo~n a revolu.tiOulst ... · but had 'always been an o.gGnt

T_se..r !irld ·was noW lnerel;-r wreakinr: ven~ettn~e. I ~>hen I of. the

broug}1.t L.D. bJ.COd OUioge 1

,, the newspaper s thn.t carried he exclaims·, ''Sut Stulin wa~ this cxolan&·tt on

a revolutionist1'1

\~~~-n'l.t o._ moment," he I)IJ.J.b d to me as I was' J:2o.v~.ng the ro(•m, ·

11Wel!ll· a.ddd\ noster! nt to ·tod·ay' s article. 11

of the·

'H~ ;!l~~~~~;:. : .. ;h~ news """ boe~ wide l:r spread through the pzoeas ·_to~ tiH~ eff'ect thet_ Stalin suppotledly wa.a an agent-provo..cateur during

days~ and .that he ·is now aven~ing himself unon his old enemies··· >no t1•ust whatsoever tn this P;OSoilo, From his youth Stalin ·

N,,,,,,,Honist, All the !'acts about ':is life bear wttness to thls

:~~l·:~~~~i~~~~r~-~~it~hls biography ex r•ost ro.cto means to <tpe the nreaent • ,,.,_,,,'", btteaucra.cv . 11 ' a revolution~-=t', bMemo the lende1• of the ..

. . . the. Dev;ay .Goml'lisslt>rl had bro·•l!ht in the .ve,dict of not _ pr'ess.Jconf'erenca wa.s cul1ed, ~rrotsky Wn_s asl{ed: "Do­tic conclustono ln ren;ards to· sccl.ull.s!tt. .flow. from the

the ·ve(dict or t})6 Commis~ion ?u . '-··

tlie rnor& intransigeant on~7.once the · the .. r:artv e.nd stut~~/became 's:r

War and ·the fox• tTa• tn him a

o.r c~urS:e,all revolutlonarv ~ .ill.arxlsts shn•Jted ~ 11 Bet_raye~s,11 Ger1nan Social Democracy that !'ad voted wa:t• cred!ts to the Kaiser.

·t' ;;MII!llta there the~.r stopped.

c.fi;:;;2S's""''-"'·~~;;~;;;~~~~J:~ne was dissatlsfled, not mereJ~r with the betrayers, ~~~~. Lenin ~lone nrocbed·ec. to a.nul ,.,'7.€: the . betru•.ral l not

fil.i:IJJ' .. . . ·.......--but wtth ,i<onlvas

1 of departure in octi.on, but in tn-:J>u'!li-t •

. ·uSin~e Mar~ lam is not t?. dor.;;ma' but a m tho or tho'.!ght and anal ~rsis J '3UCh -:- g-eneration of Marxists inust lntcrp~·ot •a xi~w, .for 1 t~elf. Confronted \:.~ · ." with the apnea.ra11ce of cou.nter-rev,luti , wt tl~~'the revolutloP.S11Y 1;,,J · movement, Len:ln was driven to search r r ;..h!l.osor.ht that woulC recon- d

stltute .. hl.s--nwn reuson. I r I o/i~ ~ '--..:~::.~~~.~~!dt. '. '~

I.'3nin.'n\~tt.1tude was a dual o:1e: J) w!ly dld t';ey betray? an~. 2) whnt; t was ~\~ in t~wlr t~!.n•d.nr: unrl mtne,- thut L did not f'oP~see the f

• bctT"s.yal'f' F'or u. rP.v(')l 1ltiona!"y to udmit tl,at the contl"adTctton ls tn ~ on~self te.tres some deer" dt~r:l:u~;J lnni.n riid not fllnch:

\--~'None of the .Murxists, 11 vrr-ote Lenin in his fh~.lnsot:--hio li<':'tcbooks,

and tl1e em7"'·'-hsts of' th.'e ;:-lur"o.l ltJ hl..q, "for ~;t-e ;nst helf~ntl"iM have ) understood f.~b.rx.J1 11 ~: .. 11ce tt was ".tmDossible to P"r•asn CA;ITJIL •••• tr ·:ou huvo n~~ -~-t~dle.d-thro~~~h th~ who:S of ~~"3J.tel 's tcnrc. '1

-,_-

Hiu rn'r,..:adirw of t.l'e~Sel•s :d.en.::e of Lo~lc former; the Grer.t J.Jtvtdo 1n ~ .. urx.ts'ir., not onl·-r t.,(~twec!1 betra~·ers-9:nd lo-··t~Jtst.s, bur. b,o:-1twecn HcP'ellnn ?.:arxtsm t..nd un~.r one w~o cUd not fu11v o:r14~ t1e l)~.:.:..lectl.c)for than

l~62~l

.,

-5-

the:r cannot, suld Lenin, be u_fu}.~y .J-1irxlst. 11 He :;:aJ.J th~.s irl hls ~ -!iiJ..L of no les~ a- r;erso:n f:.h9.n a loadiu.r. Bolshc:-v.!.!c t.heoret~c tan--~-~!kolui

· ... B1ikhMin. . · . . . ·

· ~PhiloaO>hic Noteboo}ts (~:'T:IXIJff I Hil Ji'rf&~·.·"QJ:,.tt'a:·_a 7 sted;, 1';a.--

. ,·...:.t3i·ae;£S..~) Shr.w heN com::letel~ he ~eorgnnl:!.ed h.\s corer op-' . ior~ of. the- relationship betwe.an the cconomtc forc.ea, j_;"ld th~ huma..?t orc~_s, ' 'the rel<!ttonslO.p between, sct•m~es und llU!J•un "ctivltv.=:J"Intell!"ent

idealism," he wrote, ts n11.rer to intelll 7ent materl!illi!JIS1 thun !s C' lv;;r.l u ,. • ' otJJJr ~ stupid materialism. r;-;,,\.Jd•} M1 ·.1 , .,h · .

·JL.. . /J.? I/J{J¥4'1.bA t. '

~~~ c:ialect!.CJ'it-. rrincf. pJ.e) that bO.CUm" the basts/of all '·iS e.nalyS~IJ in.that period ;'f.., 11 tt•a.nsfo::>ma'tinn into or.:-;osite. 11/ Juat as !''T'ae Cmtl?e­titlo_n had become trt~nsformed lr.tto its on·:.oaite--mOllOPC'Jly--sc, a llt ... ~turn

'ot ·the prolet.ar·iat--th(1 arlstn.~~!'C";r 0f Ja bor--.followe!l. This was 'at the tJ::·e b&trtt.;.rnl\ unrJ now N\:trx1 s ts rnus t go nueeper and lew ef" ln the· ·

'Pl,O.Lat;•<r:L""· ar:.O. t·!.iCI•9 fl'1d ''fl:ew uasston~ and new forces" for ths . . of society <-n new bel):inninr,s.

· S.C~ion Jin 1917; ~rrotsky ·becr.me reunfted with Lenin, 'l;rotilky

~~)~i;~:t.\-.~~!~:~~[~1~!:~,"~;--·.·an~. 'uch ;>hllo~;~o,-.hlc. p::o_eparati. on, t_o r.tMt dest.lny in the ... ·_· .. ~· ·-~'c~v· ... ,,. Nor cU:d he do it whsn, shor~ly ><ftar Lenin 12 coati:" the;. tiv -, Sto:.J.tn ancl himself ended· J.n tha vict.or·1 .of Stalin.· ·· .· . metnc.Yj;l,lgy; he coul.d not fathom the e phenomenon or '

·ta.te· }?eir.g t.z•!.\nsi'nrry~ed !.nt.c, lts opt}_sl:ce--o. st.ato

. led tho faut. #e denied the theory. lie d&nled the move.nient ict~· .fT"om monopol.y. to 3tate Ci. rd ts.J i•m(~lll~'le

·~.ag!i-iif::i't s't(Q inlsm had thC · a tr Of 9 elf-defense 1 heY/eVer, beCaU:Je · h~ ~as subjective, but -i:.ecaune, oljec1..1vel~r, .. J1~d~f!.)Y1 nothinrz: rtmdarr.~Jntall, · :new in world c~tpit;alist devolo;ntentf'Jl Nothi'nb'j~hii'd'cl:"-ngec s t-.o tha dec Of 1-l-1924--except the lange r·ship.• Stalin' wus the" organizer of a•m•a•:.,·--and. cr~z..mi.ze vl.ct:orJ ~s--:tf the rroletc.r·1at. fo;L1_q1"f~d .,~,~-

, 1;~_621

-6-12625

-7- " . '•, . . ' .

. . . • r-\' -' •. _· :'t<_ ... ---~

transforml.nf>;., · ~ ·.the min uta national plan!".in~ wus inst! tuted )hn .·~tl'tlrted nDopart:v into " fetish :;,

weT'I.t hac 1.;: to

. ,. •.The theoretical axis of iiiarx•s geatest 110rk; Cl''ITfl.l.,/is the des,·ot:tc ""\'·

.. plan ·~r; r£' .. ttal .vs, the cooperbtlon of i'ree\1-:V associ~ted labOl'• tlo state~ 'thB.t "'..,-a::'pe&r-s as ~'lan 13,· in actual·t_ty, tho auth()'Tolty 0r th~ can1taJ:ts~. lle· ~edicted._.that 11' the l~w "f mc.~on of cs.dtali•m--the concentration. •· an"d ,Central1Z.at'ion of cul>i~.i.t·~'wetJIP on unh6r0r:BJ~ed, tt w O!J}d end ,.tn the_·

1.:',

eentrtllizot.ion of cadtsi ln h,e hands of a •sln<;le ce.nlte.ll.st. or ca-.JtaJ:ist .· c.O!-pOr_e.tiOr.a wlthout}in ~my wa~,~chtlnt;ing_the.p:onGrUl a~solnte laYI ~f tho :· -_~lnfl!mployed a!'my and the c olla~se of c t·t:.l t.allnm. !!e c!~.d r·< t . 1 t •te vo see

·-: .. Russ~a.n stv.CS as.p~'.taliSM v:!.th its ubiquf.tous state, f'orcl3d lahor cnl"lcs, police, ~ryr of t 1.1e m1.nd and tody, .tn iJ. wor•d--totolitarlanlsm. wo;lld .. hall'!had no <Hfficulty in recognl.z)'n.o; l t ,,.s the ultl.mate

41-p~·~nt _·ol' c~•J:ttal:tsm 1 f!'rn-r. i're~ com~)et:..t:t~,e) thrv./fn·1~o.-·.Jol:r.J to .'Jtate.

as_ ~a't9~1 1f.H~,1 he fouaht the l"~~nners of' his ~ay •.. He ~s eB;rly as 1P.ti5, ln hln 11 l:·q;ve.rt~.,, of ?htloso.'hy~;l

ilnt:rcldttce Plan . when the basis of Dfoductlon ls the' factory ··- · - •. c ttn lntroduzi-ng into the rmtrkd t what. ~xists ~.n the ·

·:t'iiC<it:'ot>v~·-l;!f'e tiSm of ciu:ital. Just ~!if would ''">:" nothin~ to .do· ,;Vii\'•w1 . on theorte~--&11 .var·iet:Jes· n 1 u~~::er-consUl)'.!"'ttor(~sm ~r· -- . _..

;;::·;:J2.t• ho would h~'.ve .. ncthinc:z: ··to de. ·1-:l h :::-l~!1!lers. rlQ warned that the· ,., .• ,_r,rBsctH ··couid _only he 11 on'3 s.!. r!gle m~at.P:~ • 11 '

the Russ'ian nevolu~iml, and not th;:-e hyfotheticill devr;;~_ci""ment of . · J,n " straight lin~, }.lld bt•ought abo&·t;,e nat:l.onull ?ntl.on ct'

;£her~;;;~; of ~roductton -lil1d the 3.tate plo.n~ate n·o~e--tv and workers SJ:UOn~.".'!10Us in Trotsky's mtnd. \U.acktnn: le!1ln 1 s rre __ t~":.odo].oav,

.. ·.. ~ for _the new pas31:nns u"!1d f\"'.rces enc:enr· e!"e::-r hv t'J-•q J15 Bon, --,·_ · ·only . lt. d.lffe1·ent~ kind of pl~~1!11ng, d'·\fJtt,f,f-,tbtt\t~rn;.os, dJ.f:s1•ent

lead.,fshl';l, dlffer9nt anvtbln[! but e. dl.fferent.~"!!tl'itl'liOl"flY· Not even the fa« t that .. tbe "'or l<er s_ !lad _lost_ ~D. ,th e.l,r_.QJ'_l. r;llnul l' ~ r;'1 t?, of c ontl'ol_ of . . pri.oduc_ti?n; -rue- t·ory·- conrerenc~s ;--"t1i) torlS':~ii?- of·~-ey•u ted ln~(th!J <> ta t6;- -t.-7~v..1·-­

-_tb~_-' 1-Ji_~i&a\1lag maun~ o.r G~(9. .. 11.iq_~-(~J;.:tr..:1:ne~·ex::·ense of me··ns of c~nsumfltlon-­exnctl:·r as tn c~~..,i.tulls17"·!'It-nt-e~--·FO'l1C froB l·d.m frout t1~,e f'~=d~t!:ihJ_sn: of

. 11 nat:tonal l·zP..d 11 ~"rnr~e:rty) and nl~Tl~e~ual<:. w···rk"5r.s' st-t~te • .=f ' !Uke o.ll ~e';[ooJ.Sms, t'''' rot!sllloo• 0~ ol;c.t~ c!'O'···rt•r bllnced Trotsk:! ·-~ . . from· ~ollcw!.no- t~1":' (!.o·Jrse 0-·· ~.:-.o:. cc·:l~t-~r-ro•Jol·ltlon 1n thP- r·t:J.::;.tton~ or ' _. · .. '"'roductton • T'!-ltJ J.e~tt:hr.~_?.uttnn of the co-JnteP-revol•.itlon B.Gt':.l~st: .. ) ,: October---the 3tr.lln.ls~ ~onstttut1.m.1 OJ' ::.9;)G-- 1£rot.:::k;; vtawl.::id mer~l7 as i . : sotilo._thtng th~.:.t f'lr~t "ct't:h.tBd tl;.e polj tic:J.] !;ron;l,.:;e for t~u birth o!' _a 1

· ( new possesslng clnss." t~s ti' clt~.sses 'NFJ!··c bern. f!'Crr. --::ol~tlcal nr·e!T'!ISe·s: Hect:.use to h l.m .3tultnts t ;{:1.s::~ ia ·.n~s still u wo'!'l-:c:-·_s • !i tatt:-1, ar,e thcl.~gllt that. the I.'oscow 'l'r·iuls we-'4i-teaod stt...lin1sm. Pctl.•ullv, _the;t.' consoltduted ,

'\..... th.-• T'Ul "'·. Rut )to Tr('tskv 1 th9 nu .. ct...bPe Fr~mJ • n :"Uf'P:E:3 , nl ,. ~J"(Wflrl t:l1:..:.t , 'JJ.sovlet soct~tv Ol''p;untcaJJv tl'!nds towo.rd~ t11e .3jcCticn ne tlv~ b1..a·~sucl"a.cv·: 11

~Under the cl rcwns '-tl s "r.p1·euls tr, the wm·~d croletc.rl9.t" were rat'18r hr.!lilow. I be ~ts one t nf world rev~1ntlu .. ,_.,._.,.

·:·_j . . '·

'. -P-

126?.7

_~.,.

-s-

· .. ";rhe world oolitieal sl. tuation as ·a whole 1 1~ chiefl~; characterized

.. :,,.:hi. atvl'tct crisis. or the leade,..~htp of ~~e 'pr·olet~f..~"~·" He rurther. '.lll>).kes · /ithU .. criSis of· proJ~Jt&riat j!,o.d'3t"sh1p h:Mtr .. p; be.CI)~Cl·lsts in mankir1d s , •

1. srie"!!!!Ji culture,..whl ch. can be rennlved only~. ~h~.sourth r:.~~a.tl anaL

\.l;:lieed; that has always beeil Trotsky's weuklnes5f;" leudarsh in(\ and 'he·nieasufoed Lenin bTJ" it too: '1E1or Innin 1:9 slortans to rrnd thelr WfA'I­

tha msses t.h.6I'e had. to e.xlst <:adre3 ••• ·,The v!t"l mainorrtn" in thl\! nroc .. as ·is the part;y0 Ju.st as the vb.l rna~SP .. t:.l_.ng in t!Jc r•!M!'lanis'!l ot u •• :~l\ party is its leadershln." . (J__e.,..: .. ,_·, .

that· wne ex~ctl·r. wh~t tho vitfll mal'1:Jn!-:tilg_)cr Lenin's nhi.losonhy·w&.s .(ln t Vf!ry eva• of' th.l!'. revo~.uti.ont ··~threatened to resi.;m f!'om

1.· com..,itte'3: a!' the .Polse'!'n~lks1 and, as he exprcs:s~C '"t' '1p;o_, '"''"""·H.or 5 11 'who Oetter re~_eseoted t~;e t~nvol!';:t;.ions.ry will of

,,,,,,,,, o,t:h•tn' ~ert:r." To Lenin l !:t vanguu rd . part~"_ was v~:nguo _ . ·th,jroevolutionar~l will of the m!iSs5sJ ann in act.t

pro,Va1

s it at g~eat histoi'ic t!'lo~-ants_,un~ eve_ry dn·~r ~J~~--

'l~De "Man of Octuber 11 couldn't have .fuJ ideas and rro thode logy 111i1. o1' the ilus3 I th"''·eory, was nresent.lnr; an !.i.dtnT.ni strut rnv.xirnuln nroduCtlon--thO true e;ods

i:Jn ~n;r dee'·.er n burea.u.c2ucy

r'c:>r·mulu f

Into the ml.r•e of the l'<hlch , Instead of

ntmu.1: coats a

i .. '

II. ' .

... ._ .: ·.- ... ): ·I