What is oppression?What is oppression?

How would you resist oppressive How would you resist oppressive rule-with violent or non-violent rule-with violent or non-violent action?action?

Why?Why?

Page 432Page 432

What is communism?What is communism?

What groups of people What groups of people does communism appeal does communism appeal to?to?

What are some countries What are some countries that have attempted that have attempted communism?communism?

CAUSES OF THE CAUSES OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONRUSSIAN REVOLUTIONI. I. Czar Alexander IIICzar Alexander III (1881-1894) (1881-1894)

strengthened the strengthened the autocracyautocracy- a - a government with total power, using:government with total power, using:

- censorship- censorship - secret police- secret police-exiling prisoners-exiling prisoners- oppression of national groups- oppression of national groups* Russian the only language allowed* Russian the only language allowed* Jews were persecuted and discriminated * Jews were persecuted and discriminated

againstagainst- - pogromspogroms- campaigns of organized - campaigns of organized

violence violence against Jewsagainst Jews

II. II. Czar Nicholas IICzar Nicholas II (1894- (1894-1917) upheld autocratic 1917) upheld autocratic rulerule

- worked to improve economy - worked to improve economy through industrializingthrough industrializing

- built the - built the Trans-Siberian Trans-Siberian RailroadRailroad, the longest in the , the longest in the world, linking western Russia world, linking western Russia to the Pacificto the Pacific

III. Problem of III. Problem of IndustrializationIndustrialization

- poor working conditions- poor working conditions- child labor- child labor- low wages- low wages- gap widens between rich and poor- gap widens between rich and poor- revolutionary movements growrevolutionary movements grow- photo: the shell-shop of the photo: the shell-shop of the

Putilov works, St Petersburg 1903Putilov works, St Petersburg 1903

IV. The Rise of Marxism- IV. The Rise of Marxism- favored by many workers, favored by many workers, who hoped to overthrow who hoped to overthrow factory owners and the czar factory owners and the czar and redistribute the wealth and redistribute the wealth equallyequally

- - MensheviksMensheviks wanted broad wanted broad support for a moderate support for a moderate revolutionrevolution

- - BolsheviksBolsheviks- led by Lenin, - led by Lenin, were more radical and willing were more radical and willing to sacrifice everything for to sacrifice everything for changechange

V. V. Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War (1904)- (1904)- Russia loses, morale Russia loses, morale decreases, and Russians are decreases, and Russians are disappointed with the czar’s disappointed with the czar’s governmentgovernment

VI.VI. Bloody SundayBloody Sunday- - Jan. 22, 1905Jan. 22, 1905

- up to 1,000 Russians were killed - up to 1,000 Russians were killed while protesting working while protesting working conditions at the czar’s Winter conditions at the czar’s Winter PalacePalace

- Czar Nicholas II creates a - Czar Nicholas II creates a DumaDuma (Russian parliament), but it (Russian parliament), but it dissolves soon after dissolves soon after

* considered a “dress rehearsal” * considered a “dress rehearsal” for later revolutionfor later revolution

VII. VII. World War IWorld War I- lowers - lowers morale, 4 million die in 1914 morale, 4 million die in 1914 alone, food and fuel alone, food and fuel shortages, and inflation—shortages, and inflation—PEOPLE WANT CHANGE!PEOPLE WANT CHANGE!

2 REVOLUTIONS in 2 REVOLUTIONS in 1917:1917: March RevolutionMarch Revolution- -

overthrows czar; established overthrows czar; established a provisional governmenta provisional government

November RevolutionNovember Revolution- - overthrows provisional overthrows provisional government; civil war begins; government; civil war begins; Communists (Bolsheviks) Communists (Bolsheviks) control Russiacontrol Russia