uvas lahore 1 improving food security in pakistan munawar hussain program manager punjab & ajk...
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UVASLAHORE 1
IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY IN PAKISTAN
Munawar HussainProgram Manager Punjab & AJK
The Micronutrient Initiative
FOOD SECURITY
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“When all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food and to meet their dietary needs and food preferences
for an active and healthy life”.Source: according to World Food Summit
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FOOD SECURITY
FOOD SECURITY
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• The main determinant of Food Security is Malnutrition• Low income families are more prone to Food Insecurity
(Nutrition Policy Guidance notes, 2013)
• Food Insecurity principally connected to o Low production due to famine/natural disaster (eg.
Flood)Although, Famine instigate hunger and food insecurity, but famine is atypical concern
o Low socio-economic statuso Increasing prices of food
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Few Among Several Consequences of Food Insecurity
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Induce considerable economic cost
Reduced lifetime productivity
Expanding/ Elevating poverty
Slow economic development
Resource deprivation
Food Insecurity and hunger are social & moral problems that embarrass to our global society
Malnutrition Reduces Productivity!!!!
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Overall loss to the economy of 2.7 to 4.1% of GDP annuallySource: “Economic Costs of Malnutrition” DFID
Reduced Productivity Pathway
Cost inefficiencies: (e.g. illness, deaths)
Direct links: Decreased physical productivity
Indirect links: Impaired cognitive development, schooling and productivity
Nutritional Food Insecurity Status
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Indicator NNS 2001-02
NNS 2011
1. Wasting % (Low Weight for Height) 12% 15%
2. Stunting% (Low Height for Age) 31% 44%
3. Under Weight% (Low Weight for Age) 42% 32%
4. Anemia (Children) 51% 63%
5. Anemia (Pregnant women) 29% 51%
6. Iodine Deficiency (Children) 63% 36%
7. Iodine Deficiency (Women) 76% 36%
8. Vitamin A Def (Children) 13% 54%
9. Vitamin A Def (Non-pregnant women) 6% 42%
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Factors Prompting Food Insecurity
1Incompetent Supply Chain (Farm to Fork)
2↑ food demand due to ↑ population
3↑ food demand due to life style modification (↑ food loss)
4Temporary climate changes
5Price instabilities
6Unsafe food and less human resource capacity
7Inadequate production (not utilizing all resources)
Food Insecurity
Factors Inducing
Copenhagen Consensus & Food Security
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The Doha development agenda – Trade
Micronutrient fortification (iron and iodine) – Malnutrition
Expanded immunization coverage for children – Diseases
Agricultural R&D on micronutrients – Malnutrition
Deworming and nutrition programs at school – Malnutrition
Lowering the price of schooling – Education
Increase and improve girls’ schooling – Women
Micronutrient supplements (vitamin A & zinc) – Malnutrition
Community-based nutrition promotion – Malnutrition
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Article 38 (d) ensures provision of basic necessities of life including food.
“The State shall provide basic necessities of life, such as food, clothing, housing, education and medical relief, for all
citizens, irrespective of sex, caste, creed or race, as are permanently or temporarily unable to earn their livelihood
on account of infirmity, sickness or unemployment”
Food Security: Constitution of Pakistan
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Future Challenges to reduce Food Insecurity
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↑ food production to feed a growing population
↑ food production to modest surpluses for export
↑ crop productivity using lesser land & water resources
Ensure a rapid growth of national income
Attain macro-economic & Micro-economic stability
Effective employment of growing labor force
Securing improvement in distributive justice
Reduction in rural poverty
Both supply-side and demand-side issues need to be addressed to ease food insecurity
Future Challenges to reduce Food Insecurity
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“Food security is possible well into the future. Science provides the tools, agricultural research the modality,
intellectual insight the design of the next revolutions that will help smallholder farmers improve their square yard of
earth, and help the world to keep pace with population growth”
(Austin, nd)
Policy Options: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
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Safe Environment through total sanitation and hygiene promotion
Solid waste management
Applying “Pakistan Total Sanitation Policy”
Equitable access to water provisions
Public awareness programs on nutrition by HUD & PHED, Health, Education
Policy Options: Agriculture
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Increase productivity by shifting from traditional to value added agriculture Fortification of grain crops
Subsidies on micronutrient rich plant varieties to attract farmers
Address geographic disparities
Breeding programs for cereals
Enhancement of Fertilizer use efficacy
Targeted Subsidies for poor farmers
Promotion of International Standards and Accreditations
Policy Options: Food
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Reduction of Post harvest loses
Targeted subsidies on food to poor and food insecure population
Mandatory fortification of wheat flour with iron and folic acid and its enforcement.
Establish specialized Food Authorities as in Punjab
Policy Options- Education
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Nutrition and life skills counseling and weekly iron tablets for all adolescent girls (in and out of school)
Ethnic specific orientation and training of school teachers on nutrition
Provision of healthy nutritious food in school canteens
Include nutrition, health, hygiene education modules in schools
Annual Nutrition days in schools