utlitarianism
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Did Batman make the morally right choice?
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Utilitarianism
The morally right action is the one that produces the most good.
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Jeremy Bentham1748-1832
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Pleasure Painv(Maximize) (Minimize)
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Pain PleasurePleasurePain
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Greatest Happiness Principle:
An action is right in so far as it promotes the greatest happiness of the
greatest number of those affected.
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How do we measure the value of a life?
Cost – Benefit Analysis
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Are pleasure and pain on a single sliding scale?
Or are there different kinds of pleasures?
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“The game of pushpin is of equal value with the arts and sciences of music and poetry. If the game furnishes more pleasure, it is more valuable.”
-Bentham
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Higher and Lower pleasures?
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Listening to Mozart
Brushing your teeth
Listening to Lil Wayne
Eating a doughnut
Drinking wine
Watching a Shakespeare play
Going to a club
Going to a museum
Playing the flute
Paying bills
Watching “Jersey Shore”
Going to the gym
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Akrasia:
When we know something is bad for us and we do it anyway.
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Is happiness/avoiding pain the most important quality
in life?
Or should we judge ethical matters by another means?
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• The Queen vs. Dudley and Stephens 1884
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The Trolley Problem
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Railroad Tracks
People
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80% of the general population would change the tracks
68% of Professional Philosophers would change the tracks.
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The Bystander Problem
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Responsibility
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The Milgram Experiment
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The Bridge and the Large Man
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Killing, letting die, and saving?
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The Transplant Problem
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The Ticking Time Bomband Torture
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•The NSA
•Stop and Frisk
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1. Transferring all value into a single metric.
2. The Problem of Individual or Minority Rights.
3. Knowing the real consequences of our actions
Critiques of Utilitarianism
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When RPTJ is interfered with
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• When we think about a person’s intentions, then the consequences of their action becomes less important.
• Why is it is worse to intentionally run someone over than it is to accidently run someone over? The consequences are the same: i.e. the person has been run over.