use of geoinformation in water management · 2018-10-31 · use of geoinformation in water...
TRANSCRIPT
IHE Delft Institute for Water Education is the largest international graduate education institute in the field of water. Since 1957 the Institute has provided graduate education to more than 15,000 water professionals from over 162 countries, the vast majority from the developing world. 136 PhD fellows are currently enrolled in water-related research. The Institute carries out numerous research and capacity development projects throughout the world. Three pillars: Education, Research and Capacity Development
• Water Use Efficiency for agriculture and other sectors (industry, domestic)
• Reporting and monitoring method
needed
Geoinformation in Water Management - International
Geoinformation in Water Management - National
(Spatial) Decision Support Systems Location based services on mobile phones (Apps) Dashboards Tools Models
Geoinformation in Water Management - Local
• Administrative boundary (province, country, region, etc.) • Natural boundary: (sub)catchment • Other:
– Delta – National park – …
Geoinformation in Water Management
Boundary of the Vesdre catchment
• GIS as a separate tool: – data
preprocessing/postprocessing – model output visualization
• Tightly integrated with modelling system: as an important component, e.g., SWAT, MIKE SHE, HEC-RAS, HydroGeoAnalyst, MODFLOW etc.
• Python libraries, R
GIS and Hydrological Modelling
N-load [kg/year] at the outflow point of the Scheldt basin
•Sharing data, information and knowledge using Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI)
•Examples: –Planning small hydropower plants –Citizen observatories
•Geoinformation in capacity development for water management
3 Topics
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)
Agriculture
Health
Drinking water
Sanitation
Economy
SDI Entrepreneurs/ Researchers
Added value, available for the water sector
Development of apps and services
Decision support systems (DSS)
Models
Spatial Data Infrastructure Enabling environment that supports easy access to and utilization of geospatial data.
• SDIs are more than just data repositories:
– Discovery catalogues, search engine
– Visualization interactive maps, infographics, real time data, etc.
– Evaluation quality, metadata
– Access to geospatial data and information web-based, apps, services, GIS
What is SDI?
• PostGIS/PostgreSQL for storing data • Geoserver for publishing data • OpenLayers for visualisation of data • pycsw for storing and searching metadata
SDI Software
Finding data
Sharing of: • Spatial data • Metadata • Documents (e.g. Open Access papers) • Profiles (social media)
SDI and desktop GIS
SDI and desktop GIS
A piece of data/information or source code is open if anyone is free to use, reuse, and redistribute it — subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and/or share-alike Publicly funded data are a public good, produced in the public interest and thus should be freely available to the maximum extent possible.
What does “Open” mean?
Source: European Commission
What is the value of data?
•Commitment of all contributing stakeholders is needed
•Data in an SDI doesn’t always have to be Open Data, you can choose the license
•Data policy is linked to business model
SDI & Data Policy
• to organizations by more efficient data collection and processing and reduce duplicate efforts
• to scientists through better research when more data and information is available and can be linked with models and tools
• to public administration, citizens, and businesses through better services
• through innovation for new services and business • greater democratic accountability • to society through better management of the common environment
Benefits of Open Access
Overestimation of return on investment of selling the data: –legal costs of creating and enforcing restrictive
licenses –development costs of restricting access and use of
data –administrative costs of issuing licenses –sales and marketing costs to promote the data
Costs of selling data
•Low willingness to pay (like with music, movies, etc.). People are becoming less prepared to pay for digital products that can easily be copied and shared with others
•Competitors or communities might also be able to undermine your data business by releasing their data as open data.
Strategic risks of selling data
Mapathons
Register through http://www.un-ihe.org
OpenStreetMap vs. Google Maps
OpenStreetMap Google Maps
Olderkesi, Narok County, Kenya
https://tools.geofabrik.de/mc/
Using OSM data
Analogous to a road: • Reliable environment allowing the movement of data
• Maximize the reuse of data: open standards
• All about reuse: data, capabilities, skills, investments,…
• Sharing: data, knowledge, … • Learning from others: collaboration and co-operation
Working smarter not harder!
http://www.opengeospatial.org
OGC standards
• OGC Services
OGC Services
Data
Web Mapping Services (WMS)
Web Feature Services (WFS)
Web Coverage Service (WCS)
Metadata
Catalogue Services
for the Web (CSW)
Processing
Web Processing
Service (WPS)
Intangibles more important than tangibles
SDI and trainings
maps.mamase.org
www.snieau.bj
Mozam-agua.net
• Projects tend to develop their own websites with sharing functionality – Not sustainable/active after project – No reuse of existing data from other projects in the same basin/region – High cost in time in money for development of the websites
• Integrated Water Resources Management needs sharing of data among projects in a region or basin
From project-based to regional sharing
• Internet connection is an important issue • Offline synchronisation (“Dropbox/Github style”) is needed
Challenges
+ +
• Urban planning of land use and infrastructure • Mapping of sewage systems, drainage systems and waste water treatment
plants • Potential of small hydropower dams • Potential of sand dams
Geoinformation for planning of water infrastructure
Potential of small hydropower dams
QGIS Graphical Model Builder
Potential of small hydropower dams
• MSc programmes – Introduction to GIS (QGIS)
- Georeferencing, digitizing vectors - Import tables, join, interpolation - Map algebra - Catchment delineation - OpenStreetMap, Open Data, Mapathon
– Fieldwork preparation (ES) – Fieldwork implementation (WSE) – MSc thesis (all programmes)
GIS in Water Education
• QGIS (GIS + RS) • GDAL • Python • PCRaster • SDI
Tailor Made Trainings and short courses
Examples: QGIS for water companies in Uganda SDI for the water sector in Benin SDI for water managers in the Mara River Basin, Ken Water productivity training in Benin, Rwanda, Mali, …
• Open source software often provide better interoperability between internal and external components
• Open source software often use international standards • Proprietary tools impose limits to the user; it is difficult to
make improvements, complicated to change supplier (vendor lock in)
• Open source software is improved continuously thanks to the participation of the user community • Quick implementation of new developments (at the
forefront of technology) • Opportunity for innovation
Choice for Open Source Software
http://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/top-10-open-source-myths-busted/
… from citizen-based data collection to knowledge sharing for joint decision-making, cooperative planning and environmental stewardship
Citizen Observatories
Citizen Observatories
ocw.un-ihe.org
OpenCourseWare
