us history final exam review. abolitionist reformer who sought to end slavery
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US History Final Exam Review
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Abolitionist• Reformer who sought to end slavery.
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Anti-Semitism• Prejudice and discrimination against Jewish
people.
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Big stick diplomacy• Roosevelt’s policy of creating and using, when
necessary, a strong military to achieve America’s goals.
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Black Tuesday• October 29 1929, when stock prices fell
sharply in the Great Crash.
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Blitzkrieg• “lightning war” that emphasized the use of
speed and firepower to penetrate deep into the enemy’s territory.
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Conscientious Objector• Person who refuses to fight in a war due to
moral or religious beliefs.
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Dawes Act• Law enacted in 1887 that divided reservation
land into private family plots.
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Dust Bowl• Term used for the central and southern Great
Plains during the 1930s when the region suffered from drought and dust storms.
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Ellis Island• Island in New York Harbor that served as an
immigration station for millions of immigrants arriving to the United States.
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Emancipation Proclamation• Decree by President Lincoln that freed slaves
in all Confederate territory still in rebellion.
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Espionage Act• Act Passed by Congress in June 1917 enacting
severe penalties for anyone engaged in disloyal or treasonable activities.
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Genocide• Willful annihilation of a racial, political, or
cultural group.
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Great Awakening• Religious movement in the English colonies
during the 1730s and 1740s, which was heavily inspired by evangelical preachers.
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Hooverville• Term used to describe makeshift shantytowns
set up by homeless people during the great depression.
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Imperialism• Political, military, and economic domination of
strong nations over weaker territories.
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Internment• Temporary imprisonment of members of a
specific group.
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Jim Crow Laws• Laws passed in southern states that separated
blacks and whites.
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Kamikazes• Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed
planes into American ships during World War II.
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Lusitania• British passenger liner sunk by a German U-
boat during World War I.
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Middle Passage• The forced transport of enslaved persons from
Africa to the Americas between the 1500’s and the 1800’s
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Monroe Doctrine• Declaration by President Monroe in 1823 that
the United States would oppose efforts any outside power to control a nation in the Western Hemisphere.
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New Deal• Programs and legislation enacted by Franklin
D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression to promote economic recovery and social reform.
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Okies• General term used to describe Dust Bowl
refugees during the great depression.
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Open door policy• American statement that the government did
not want colonies in China, but favored free trade there.
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Pearl Harbor• American military base attacked by the
Japanese on December 7, 1941.
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Populist Party• People’s Party; political party formed in
1891 to advocate a larger money supply and other economic reforms.
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Pump Priming• Economic theory that favored public works
projects because they put money into the hands of consumers who would buy more goods, stimulating the economy.
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Reconstruction• Federal program between 1865 and 1877 to
repair damage to the South caused by the Civil War and restore the southern states to the Union
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Red Scare• Fear that communists were working to destroy
the American way of life.
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Social Darwinism• The belief held by some in the late nineteenth
century that certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore destined to rule over them.
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Totalitarianism• A theory of government in which a single
party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people.
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Tuskegee Airmen• African American squadron that escorted
bombers in the air war over Europe during World War II.
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Underground Railroad• Support system run by abolitionists to help
enslaved people escape to freedom in the North or in Canada.
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Works Progress Administration
• Key New Deal agency that provided work relief through various public-works projects.