abolitionist approach

8/12/2019 Abolitionist Approach

1/18

rherneg a'rrd cat rcegts i t r e . t r ah* [ i t ia r r i s t a .ppr-oach to cr- iminaI j r- rs t ice ,

I rr trrtdr-rc t i r:11

1r.n ih = t r. f rFr=. r I u i iS t . : s i l , : .* t r ; - - :u t th=. r : r= ,= ;nd :*nce .p ts in an;eb*I i i . in i= . i . . rFr t r r* .ach in cs-in:i*a jLrs t i re , I4y r,*p=. , ; ; ;= nf l t .adre=,s theg=n='; '*} qus=t ' ic r r r rcf purr -qhr+='ret , I =s=..or"*ishrcent s-= a sger i f ic fars l a th i i*r.* ; : .* ter- .*r i :" ' r- :'*h ch

c*ir he +b=.=rve* in ri:-=nv =sr :* l , . i -*r t ices :far*r i l lr ' '3 sc i i r ;E ,3 n i ' ' t r :{- l ; ; = , r r r : r i . In th i= ge*=s Fl- tc t t re} 1y e1.e ; -u s . r rs i=f anrr 31*r ++ii-h gru; . i ' sh*:* .* t .a=. ,*re l r i* th* i-"r= or-

l i ,=r*qr," . . , i=r-*c , , aF ,nthe l-r=i= *t- , ,*r j - r, - t i '=h*t-0 . . {i :

Ths i r*sqr=. ,srs*Flle hal . s alr**i ir ir*i c*l j , - r=t a=, arer greda: r r inant l - r rb .*gpr i l J i l : r r- r ni*Si* Fres=.Fr te* . i* .* c , f *he .*ci i r, t ie= sf c .*_in: i r : ; r ] jus* . tce ,{E}l ' jhe* *h*t ' l i t r*r i*r- t= .35 p;r r t ' i r r s* te in.crir*inal iugtire nr s=.se=E the'E: r r5 . t*sr r. sg *r-e l*r i , :p , rE ihe,g 13s th i=. nrr t fus t ras is *f rnedi.a images, Inrr i r* i* .e]

jus*ire* *. r rgr_l .xge rf g*_l. i-r .=hr*eni is used and people preslrFF*s=,i 'h=r t thsre i= rnngrl ' l i t , ." t**tpte*n ' ih= pr*r*i=hnent cont=, :q t they aref *cr+i i*:


2/18

thr=: l - i f ,6{ - r Fr t : i r=t - r-= ' - l .E {iLirer"is- T*e p. : . r- i i .c ip , : . r- r t= rli , i r- i r f , t t r-y ta r-Ear-h,:sf -i5Ell=.1=.. Th,:",t { I.E -* tfi te-',.r. r: iolr=rr{: t:r". tlerx=t= lrr.e-=. r.* th the ,l ivr=:-= i tvr:i.- r=r.;i:*:- i er::e=

.j=ec=

. t-tr3= .*t-rd l-tr=o=rj-= 3:rr.F -E.=.r*rj t.l lh* qr-*u.g -il-r t -ie ='.,.,=l-rir-trl "xe Erji] r*,=.1-eerc irr : ,* ,3. i.:.r-ge =r:he,*,: ,*.1 L th,==er: .*il-r i*e*r '= '* . r- td t r r := - t ian= ' . . . r=ie : r=d rr th := =x,* . i r l t - , f r- j .FE- l r- r khepe-'ef *.*t- i.c'*it=rj fr-,er',:e uf *h i.= =cher*;. r 'te h*.d r-r+tr-:.r-* . i. *1,:.de r-ecrri f , :r-t-=t*,zz-?:.= f*rr..=it-,*; :=r: r+Fi,=.t =h*=r-.:.d he rlr=r:e e.?*, . : t r=ffer:de --qr hut th i==r== i; irrr-l r-r=r'ri-s,*t:ed trt-,3.f e i.r,g. . 13. b l,:.lrl.,:-

Fe*p l* t":;.t:ir=d $3,3.i-r':r.":r :{?-tf-ete acf; ixn-*= r.rh r:h r*ts. 'trl he. c l,===.if ierl itrr,=h* ' ' ; ' .= t - i*= t : i r-*dt -*==,=. : :d Fr-Eed"e : t i*r- t< fo ' , - r l the =r- ;h j r=ct - r*e . t te , r- l . lh ichfr=l - t r : r= the hs '= .1- t *f th* r=ff i : : i .*1 ele , '* ,* ,*e -- t r r l - l i=hnrr=rr t r=f r=ff+=r-r r ler-s - - ( .{ . r. s* -]tr1.r "."r*l-"ir . l- : ,3. -rJl:,s. 1 l1+c s-gFt-,==er':terJ- *r:# fr:l- tfir= rr:r-rrr-=t:= ,=.Ct nr-r==r.r.gr3*=t=d b,C i:h* p.:.r-t .cip,:.r-li= irr i;ft* r"*r:r-1.::t-{3,LF= th-ere {."1,3_-l-},f,1-r,:&r.r-,3.*\-'zr*, le=.= (.s:=i-= :r-= *r=r-#= r-: ti-:= i=?,=g.llE: :-_{ *e;f?aEGL _e_bat-. do*'{'=t-lder-h@di-: c,:r*,n,=ilior-, thr= sr-.ltcerxe rf,f H-red i=; : r- l=gi*=e: i r : t t re s


3/18

_

Lf,s. ue=.. Se=,*ec * '.r+i h :; r,r::e i rrdi l."idr_1.*l5i* I i d;:;- t", ' p;i ih th*:=.e.

fr:r- the, d iffr=r-*t-:rs.=d*rinr; hi=. 1i{* }"idiffsr*rncs5.

3,

L,eir"re**-i i .rrd vidu,s. l= {,s.r-}d evE -1iirp:1 arrd tret*een cnl lectivit ie=,

Ltslue=- Frfife=.=isns erld auth;-;rrtrs=.ire iher* fsr pegple in therrdi ' ;* ' :r-El t , ,r. . Thr FrEf' . ]e. .are nnt ih=.r. fr. .r the authr,r i t ie.=. .=nd thep:-rsf=='=' ic 'n=' ' Thi=. i i*pl ies tt ' :*t **thc'r-i t :== +nd p'rofgi==i: 5;-r= h*'r."=.to5Ps-13F ths:r-l trr-r=.*.-< rif cli=,r*t= i 'c ihrir- ,Jive;-=.i t ,r" ta be legitim.ate,

B'asic ssLltnFttinn. **i.hcrr i i i= .= .arr$ p;-r,f =s=.irn=. ai-e cnly able to=er1'r= il-t=' i '*t 'e"-=st= *f rl s-: . l t= in thei;- . i lv.=r=ity l+h*rr ths==, c3ie;-ri=h.er.e s*r, .r=,r i* irr- =.rrl ih=.rr ;+rt q" t i6,=._

r -5. , t+3idi i t nf 1=ccns*.r*ci rr;-r

Easic assunpti*n' The rnenu ig *st ihe rre*i - The rnasi g.:c- ;. i * fe 1;-o.. .nf dsc =i*,rlr-gf r : - 5t ' f Lrf t

** er.e 's ' : t r+ilrh g lh=^ *ts. :srt *f * di=r*ur=s i l : -l*+l ' : F l* i :-CrrE.ES t=. .*Ir$+,1'5 :r- rt*rrSt. :-r-rri .ed, The

i -=* i = rr='r"=:r 1$g*t i =.*3 t* ih= sr.ent .

i= nclt the$f en1. fa;-;*

' rEt3ue- lr*.ag=='==ir-a '4 =*r .s3 pr.aat ices the fi :r=.*. aEFF;:*==.s=.sed i=. ihe qr_re3itor. rrf the, rerc*n=irurt icn gf arl =,r.ent*f *f,f .*irs .- ls t .hs rer,=n=*rr_rrt ix "val id" ? Flecnn=trurt ian*hich he3*xg r.*1=*i irr the re.*Ir* cr f * l : fe r,rsr- d, ars +.rr lih=*1":=r= br=sd *n thi rrsai i lng= *f iha *ain artnrs in theThis rr i*eriussl f*l ls++g d rs=*Iy fr+r, l the vslue= rnd b.asicrsrerriia;-:*d

**d=.r a .and tr .

t tnberlr cf g =-tatec:f er.err t=:

y val d ifl i fe prr*rId.

assur*pt isns

Ccncetr tE

--[r- ir*e

l ' Je are incl ined ttr cnnsider "crininal events" aE e: ,rceFtional ,eve*t-= r+hirh dlff ,er ts .** lneprert .ant esient frsr* sthsr events shich arenrt t def ined t= crimin.eS - n the crrn 'crsntian.al ;- ieu" crirsinal canduct iE,crrr-*=' idered *r ' t re the m*st i :*pcrt*nt ceus* cf these E,r.ntg- fr irninals. : rrs -- in thig qier+-- a =peri ;r l f**egr-rrr. r 6f peaple. and ths, errceptign*lnature :rf crir*i*.al =r:ndurt , *ndJsr the =riminal , iust ify the sperielnatl- tre crf the rp.*c t an ag.= n=t i t ,

F=aplg r*h* arg ir+rrr lved in "c;- inrinal" sventg, hcr+ever, da nnt inthernsslvss Fpsar tr : f ,nir.or s sperial c.*iegory, Thc,=e r+hr: .are offici .+1Iyrectrrded as "r5ir*ins " cc 'nst i tu*e nnly a gmal l part of thgse involvedin sr ' 'ents thst ' eg*l Iy per*ri* crimin.al iu at ion, *rnong themr ypuflg ,ng,nfrcrn* *he ffi*st dis .*dvantaged gect . ians *f populat ic ,n ire heavil ;* averrFFrre=ented,

l"t i t 'hi* the concept *:f criminali ty a leide range of si tuat igng arel inhed together- Flest :rf these ' ha*rewer, h.sve separate propprt ies andnfl c{],Ffi ortdsnornina*sr: vislence wi thin the fami ly, vic, lencE, in ans '- tf l rr-?m{}us Dnterqt in ths streetsr trreahing ints private dr, lel1ings,tontpletel)" dir"ergent r ' r*y= of receic. in4 goods i I legal Iy. different type=*f

randuct in tr '*ff ir ' pat lut ion rf the-enviror,**nt r and s,orn,e orn= sfpal i t ical ac*ir, ' i*ie=. i lei ther in the r:rst ivat ion sf thase whs areinv$Ived in such ewents" n(tr in the n*ture of ths rsnsequpncps? nor inthe possihi I i t ieg of dea ing' with thern {be it in the preventi tr,e sg,n=E,

i l{ . - . - . f ^. - t :&+ == .


4/18

r f , - ' t - t the =s'*=e t=f khr= *: r- r* i r- r : I *f i f te car- r f I ic t l r : ,3 .1rar r t r t rG&ftg11'=hr-u: t s - . r ' t - r= h+= rl i=ca'sel-*d. * t I th , : . t th==e .=rents h . : . , re irr connorr i= thatih= rr- i r : t ' r i t - i ,+ . j r- : .= t i r :e ,=r, sElr=,e . r. li= , : . r_r th : : r- =*:J t* ta[ : : := , : l t i*r : ag i r r=t ther*-]j*me r=f . the=* e?Ei- : t := , : ,* . r_r.= ,= r : r f - t .= i r j s r- . : .h i= =ul- f ,=r- i l rq tc t f iase di rer : f lyi t - :" . . " r : i ' . . . . e r1qui te , : f te r- l , : . ff ,= , :h i l - rg fo*th , ;=: -*Etr- , : l .a l - a . r rd vic t i r r. E ,=r_ ,=i , le l_ .' l '*l- r=rr. ' : t : r* l -e . t r- '* t" f ie : ,a r :r : i r J* t - i t= , , i . r-raJ- . . . r i - , : i*r-*c= r


5/18

{,

e1f? i l : i t l '"" : .uFtrtf , t - t the ide ' : . r :f '+. * ' t ' i*. iul- ,3.Ii ty and t teces=i trn af cr in: i tra. Iu=tirr=-

l* ihic. .=.rl-qs st**3ii i*r-r is the atr '=lr t in of the nr-er.si l ina acaderni=1.*nq*.*9.= ' .*trrrut. r r * i r l+] ; ,-r-=t ce ,arrd lhe rep l .arenrerii clf th i = l angr:ageh,r ' .=:-rtr*iher l .*rrqu.*ge pahich perrnit=. i . s r =ubr i r i t cr i rn in .a l jr-rst ice to thecr i i i= ' ; . I hr- . ' t*LrhE= i=: 1n **her r", 'nrds l ' ; l-r ch en.alr ] r :< tcr ie=t theh".1p*ihe=r= th .s t =r ix in*] i r- rs t ice i= nrt "natural " arrd that i t="r#r:=.i .rLri*irlrr" E.*{-lrsf, . , i re }14itls*.a ted. If that h3*pathesi=. is valideted,*he ' p.re '""*r I i r l4 Senq*.=qe *b"*ru* r r imin*l . . , ius t ice has t* be decon=tructed.and rr inr in .*] jr-r=.i . irs e .* i I ] ; lFFer ; rr ; r= . ar pr- rbl ic prnlrlenr instead of a=: : l : - l i i*n *f plrbS ic Fr::hle,is-q. Th=r f irsi t}. tr=r af .abgl i i i s '* r"".i l thus be3 =g i i .r*.*t:.d ,

3 i . s l i , : i ; - ; th is Fr.*Fs; - r**ir :31 ' e l ,*u* the =ecsnd f ar- l l l s f ab*l i t ior. t ,f lh*] : i i** ==. tr. : t ir.a3 hr.rc, thgsi:r {Sr*deur l??3, p, l* iJ .1 r aradenric'=.*z=7. i i,=r-s.

i l r ix in*] i=at . t r rn .*nd ir rn na] iug*. ice

t"Jh; r t . i '= : r i* : r r*] ir-r=tice? Fgr Lrs : r r r i rs i*al i*=t i re is a epetr i f icf t : rns *{ ir- : te ' r s r i i .= .* bs*r+ss+.8 f ,r l .* i* nr-rrsrber c l f .frqprrrie= such aE theprl iceo the r*ur t= { i s lh= t ' rr-r:r ds.=.1 5e.:-rre, i .e, *rt iu=.t the judge=,t : : - t t eg3=.ri th=' grut r l i r g l -*=ei l :* $r. s : r l i=i tnr=, e tc . l . the prrrbetign andihe ' p:r i '=r : r* s r. r""" i . reo ] .* ; , ; .=r:d cr : 'y:irrrrlr- rgp d*p.*rtnrs lri .s in the :rademicr" ;*r ld" *he 1"1i '*i=.i =r rcf Jusl:re .a '*d Parliarr=nt. l"le r -l rrrsi , :p surd= ' f i r l i t i r s ' i r rs f , -= ' r imi l - l . s i ir-r=tir* sl . .st=.r: viELtr] try r*e.en= af the frqnre crnt 'h* ' nsut F*gF. *k:r- r= ' *f ths=s crgarsi=atisrns arp in thernseSl 'eg rnarried to=r is ; in .*] *: - :s i i rE.o they h.=ve fPr. .E'n if they are 50 rnarried t r an e : . t tent )* l i fe '*f th*ir s+r ' r* . #*st *f *he.ect iv i t ieg of the pol ice fsr p:{rsF}Ie,ds r* '=t * .*1, :p pl.are

lnli*hin ths frarnep*r:rl , : of th.ai =pecial forrn ofin ter.*=*inre , 5 i*r i l r. r i iy. t r+sEi af ihe actir. i t ies af the =aurts do nrrtt s l ' :e p3*=* l+ th *.r cr i* : is .* l iu=t:ce fr.*txer+sr: Often they act in thef re;*e rlf r i +.i I *r .ad*: : nr str.at i l"s j r- r=t i ce.

l" jh .s t * .hsn i= that e-=F=r if ic frrr* rrf interastian crr --in otherl+*rd=-- crf rultural and saclal organiratisn {Gugf ield 1981 }- r+hichpr*d*c== rr i r* i r r*1i =st i sn? I u i I ] be r*FFi t r br ief and *nly highl ight cert .*ir: nursber cf EsFlpct= phich ssers: *n me irrportant for our irnrnediatetepic .

The f i rs t spetrif ic thing t lf cultural organiration rs thatFITr : :1

Iace and it free=eg the

iJtjc,.-n-there *ffiepert t* tr,aT*Tn=-;aent tc, s pgFsanr Eindiridrr.al :n t* 'r, rh{rnr n=.trunent*li tp {cau=*l i ty} and blarne can be.*ttr ib*ted. The resn] i is thet . thr i*di '" ' idu.al then becsr*e 's separatedrr r- t t - Hs is in csr t .+ '* inrp*rtarni pr*ot 's i 'saI .ated in respect of thatin= idsnt frsg* Ah g sn, . . i rc:rsent , h:s f r iends* his f .ar*i ly* the mater *lsubs*.r.*turs crf his r**rld. He is.aI=* =ep.*rated frrrrr thsge pesple rahsfssl l"ir t i*r*i=ed in;r sr tuetidrn r+hirh rnay be attr ibr-r ted ts his action,Thsse "- '*i tr i . i lvrs" arp Eeparsted in.a ro*parahle way,Scr, the cultural*rgani=stian crf refererrce srt if i cixl ly setg certain individuals apartfrgc* *heir dist ivrct i l"e enr"i ' r-onrnent.and i t separates peoFIe mho feelulct irei=sd frsm FsErF e rqh$ sre rorrsidered in thl '= =q?r-if ic set t ing aE"perpetratrrE" , In thi= se 'f iEs ths cr-r l ural argani rat iong of Er irninal

iust ire cree*eg "fic*it icrus indi;*idLr.aIs"* snd .a "fict i t isus"i nt c'r.ac t i sn b,et r*eerr t hem,

i{rg {c,r re - rangtruct lgl _tqqtf l_yE-S1r:sr: . i 5F er i f ic $ay. l i -F=,ELrc 'E .a cc,n=.@-b1. fqcusinq {3ru=in* $n:--- -- -


6/18

F-+


7/18

,

&rr: : thsr- f* , : . t : : . r-e cf the cu . l tur- ,=l r : r-g '= . r-l iza t i t r ' r t f , f cr- inr in ,J . I j r- r.=t icer., th i. t-,

,:.t-rd

h i*r.* l - r :hT trf " ,1 - ,* . t r h :"nr ' . ' .E{. : i Th i= i ' ie t -ar- r :h :s" *{ gl- , : . ' . . t1 . i= *ra i r r i"y bui L t

*?-r l=r'::F - r=rrcr= *:-t ,:. i imi l=:-{ t-.3. -}qe af e'ret:*= wi th irr the ,s.l-tr-ral {l=l-t : r f r t=idr=r*dl cxcr : r t re t*r- l le r r f , - f , f - :g -=. ' , "n5f1=r1; .l - th i= F ' t l - , i . r l r id Fr- ,3 .c t ic '= . 111" . r :crt:rtr{rrF.3.t-.=r=u i.= E.t.l 's.de *i ih e'..,=r:t-=. ,:.r-rd beh,:.\oi',lrl . :=ut=ide th.:.t r-elnqE.Gl-'*d it 'rr= t ':.1::*-= p ,+.ce t* & 1.=.r-r3,= r::ter:t it: a sEg,3.r-.-.te urrir.et-se dr=ter-rnir-tr=rlfog. . ' hs =.tr-r-r.r : , . s .z- - - ef cr- i tn i i - l* . I " iu .E. t ce i t -qel f . l l : l : r- r=i=ierrcy nf the s .ce . er*i th i.t: ti:e et"=Le*-: r.-le=e=s,*.r- 13" le,*d= ta irrr:r:r-r= i=ter:,- ir==. r+i th the =c,*le=rrf * .h*se dlrrrt l ,o 'r{rrr{ernad cruts ide the S ' r rs tpr i l . i : r s r r far aE va}ue=. a*dFre . r ;s ,F-+. i**= * '=r : :c is i t ' .*r=. r : : r t . r- ,1 . r- - f+r-x- The "prcsqr.3r*" f*r blanre.*11*r.* t i t - -6rr 1" , , spi :*3 f*r r r i r* r :* l iu=. t i re i '= a t rus r*py a{ the drc t r i r- r r*f " thE '1 .*=. t . . i*dgens= ' l r t" .**S " pr. : : -q*tr r r.1 ." d*r.* lc lped in r= ' ' r- ta in r, . .a r is t i : e 'sq : f + ' t sgi .ern i lhr i=t ian lFrs*3o*:n" . 3 t . iE n:rr ' :*d a3=.* t rv fes t r- r reg sf"Ief i t t -43 t1"" .*nd "t*t .*] i i*r i .*r : snr" gFFf , i f ic far tho=e dnctr ines .l4aiura3l1" , , th*r=r *r ig *s -- th is *s ld ' r ' rx t lnnal i ty-- i= . h idden behir rd' ; ' F t"*t ' r f , i rdgt " t3frd" i= repl .*c*d by the "Lar 'r" and the "c$rrgprrgus of theFrFfiplg". h1. "l"dg"

I rsssr*e *c ,Fa *. : r thg . =psr ia l f ,E 'a ture= sf the gscia l organi=at ion aft : t - i t s t i l - ,= . I j r, r-= .*i r :e . - I r* i13. r t rent i r- r r : t r*c: t t j : r= f i ra t f -e .=t r- l r-e qf the =, :c i . : , 1*t -* '+r- r i .c ,*Li . r : r. t r=f cr- ix i r r.* l ju=l i :e i= t*e rrer-.* $ E; t l : : pn=i t icr r which"t{ it i t t t s" -- '=trd b1l ' . . ic t i rx= I l*+=,+. r- rhe per-=Gr-{ s - gr=r-=r:rr= +*hr : fe ,=lt r*r- t t t l s$ b1. ; rn r : l ' e r : t i l r .3 Eg 'q | . : s l - r=s sf = . -*= ' r r t s - - har.e in i t s f rame 9frefer-er tce- {, l . t

l , J* r"r rs*]d .*r_qxe ih .a t t ,he ac t iu i i ie= nf pr ' : fes=isns arrdt*l t r r.=l*cracis= c.ar- be r r r l ly i rsef : - r l t r l c l ients when they ara gt- i ided tr1 . f in.*r t ' i "+* p*tr t ic ip ; t l * : ' i r- r f +13 th= penple '+: r +*hc=e hshalf they arer '+rlrl , ; r* F. Ix .s cr r* i r ra Susi i re f r.ame *f rgferersre, there is - - in

pr i*r iFne-- n* rcr '* : fnr =r lc i r.an .*t r t i r.e p .*r*ic ip .x t isn and quidance. l*henthe p*3ice i= r*c ' rh i r rg r*i th iFi *: r inr in* ius t ice frarne thev tend nst *st+s di : -ar ted ars5' rnar=, by *.hs *+ishe=. and de-=lres *f the rrrnplainant , br-rtb-v the r*qu:rsr*ent=- : r f th= Sega proredure t ' lh ic l - r thet srp prsparing.The r*r*p3.* * .**l - -*he Frersf , r r r r ' rh i : a=l ' :ed fnr act i*s-r f r f , rnr the pal ice--bs=*:rses i*gt**d af + gl- : ids f*r ths i r ac t iv i t ieg * "r+i t r less" , A l . r i tnessig n t .= nl" . r ; " i*n} t ' ta t r r i : rg legal pr*c=eding= tcc ; t succpssful end. In a=**:p*r*blr *" l .*y th= fr.ar*e c l f c*Lir* praceedings FrFcludes -- i l r n la l l ss i t*nyr ' raF EFlsr i .e l -1" d i ff i r*] t - - th+t the vic t i r* e:{Frrer=.: ' E's freerly his vipwE,r t t lEe s i t*at i** +r enters n en i r : teract isn prlth the p*rs*n r"rh$ iggt '**ding as .6 s*Fpcrsed nffender befrrre *he raur t , Slsr* in that=- i t t - t .* t i sn hs i=. f r=t iT .* "r+ t r*ss" . ss*ef i in th*se leq1el sy=tern= r:-r

:*hich * sFref i .a . .p*=i t inn hss t rge '* cre .* ted f rr vict irns. The evaluat i r :ngt*dis l" r*hich i1 .*r.e up i. l] nsrr.r treen dsrne int l the re=ul t= of changes inIeg*I prc l r*dr- t r* ' s . r* i - r i rh tsnd * .a re inf*rce t .he p*=i t ian srf vic t i ros ui th in'3. trt- irxinal iu=t ice ft-anre h'="re r-r-F t i i I rr*t* =hnt"*t'r iL lrery d i=a.ppa irrt irrgt -e=s . I t tF*t t ,* .17 LFF?3

$1 =ecc*nd ' fe**. r t re c , f s*c .aI nrg . :n ra i inn crf cr iminal jus t i .ce is i t ss : ' l i r r"sr re divigic tn crf I;rtrc"-rr r lr iented orr central i red cr inr inal law{tr l r i t ter l }s*t Gr f ,$mn}crf i l* l"r} . This n:e l , : s r=, t tery diff icul t for thefunr t inn.*r ies to gear thei r as t iv i i ie= ta the prnblems as e;4Fer iencedbv th*sg direct lv inr"s l r.ed- Snd i t mal ' ;es i t ext rernely diff icul t forther* trr *s ' surr, lg Fersgnal re=pcnsabiI i tv for thei r ac t iv i t ies in th isrespect* One nf the main character is t icg sf cr iminal . ius t ice ig that i tpreaches in i ts d igcourge "personal respt rnsabi l i ty" fsr "offenders" andth*t is suppressps "personel responsabi l i ty" for the persong which workin i t s f rame of reference.

\; ,)*

I

f

z-= i t= fr:r:r-.r.= arL",hle.trlF.. -g.L l-ecat iEi-I" - Ttrr=l-e i= a =.tt-t:t-rg terrderrcl, '- :t- ir* ir-2,* .ir-:.=f rr:e t* ,:.==e*rb lr= +=r"r=Et= ,=.rr:j heh,:u ir--*r-r.r-= e,E l t r.ri th

E.3 .1 'xci i . t - rs * .ggtr i r=d i . r- : ,* r : r : , r- rEi=ten* ar-:d cr:her-er-rt palterr-l , :r-r:urrd a

(,Y

IA


8/18

Th* r-e* . I '=acial * . t rd cs l tu t -a . I arg ,=nira . t ian nf the ac t iv i t ies af B. r- rr : - rJ ,3 . r- ie ,a t i r : r- r * ' ro .y he m;=r-e or l l==._c . n th=. l , :ey of rr inrinel jus t ice- ThisFrerr : ig tc , . i155F55 in r+hi ' :h iq . ; r-}- ' .he " t :ehar. i r i t - i r" af practires develrrFl=,

Tct rsslrn*" rr inrina] j r_r. s t cs c*nsi=is en the crne hand of the*r t iu i ie=. nf rs r ta l r r etren=is= ir r =cr far =E they sre the fru i t of thee'*r] isr de=crlbrd s*r i .Ei .ar rd ruliur.al cr4a*i ra t ian and on the otherh*nd *f the recep*icn an* Segitins* n* r : f lhs=e act iv i t ies in thed ffs rs r* i segr**nts of "sr r r ie t 'g" , *bt : I i i . c rn addresses both areas : thea: t i r i t i*= f l f the *rrgani=etinrrs ar rd th=ir r-ecept ian in "societv".

i-lr i me Frrr i:1"

"fi :-1r** p*i ic1"' i= crf ten r i r rder=, t* l :d as a "p*l icv r"+ith re5t rE,c t tnr r i r*e *r td cr isgr i r*e+ s" , The es is tEr ' s r re t : f " rFi r r rp and crinin.*lg ' , isEPr tE ' t* l ]rr ' rans dgrgd *E a "qi1err": , EE a ngtural gr,c ie] fgct , ns t apr*re='=' $f {ssl=cti l 'elr def tn i t i* '** t \e re=pnrr=.*bi I i ty and the objec t gfp$I i='g- 3t r ' lguld be a f*nd.ar l le re t ; r ] er i - fo t r in our debete tn def ine " t r r i r f ie

FCrii ' ." ' ' i r* surh

a I i rn i ted r ' J .a : t ' . f lne c , f the necessary canditians fsr aI t=efu] di 'srus=inn nn cr i rne p*I i=i . . is t r prrrblen*ati=.e the nniian= gf"{r ir*=' *nd cr inr i t '} . : r}s '* . The degree tn r*hrch "event= and gr t l ra t ign5. ' ,sha l - r ld be =.r- r l* jec tedi ri r:rs-1,:- sb.*t e -

t ; crilr l in*l =st ** r"ii I be rne t r f ih* ro.ain i==ue=

" i l r i ff l s p*3ic1" ' i=. . arr th* *ns h+nd: Fsrt cf ar r+ider =n,cial p, : l icy,trui o f , l r i t 'hr $*.hsr harsd. *rt t=t re ' ta n a re.r l*in alr ic:n*rfiv +'r i h .re ,=ppct - i ; r :+^his l"+idpr f ie ld . A ugeful appraach in th is respect i s to consider"cri tnF pal icy" as er "pal icy r*i th respect to crir*inat just ice syster1;5, , ,

Surh * prl iry ;+i *h rs=Frpri tc . 'cr i ln n* ju=t rre sy=terns, , rgor.r ld ber**3ii * f*cr*gsd: l . ' r i i r+ner3d sddress i t=e3f trr the develr lprnent *{ the{lrg '*nieet i*ns r"lhich farm the meterial base sf the sy=tem tpalice,ccr- :r t 'e* pri 's*n=. etr.3 .s*d *h* *yster*s af refer=:nce they ilsp; ?j i tr"rrr*ld.*ddrs.ss i t=e , l f t* th* qr*est isn.*g tc* *hich type nf event= r*uldba dealt **iih by *he s.*sten:r under r*hirh rsndit lsns and in r. ,hich r.rra .nne,r{L|*dsr th i= c*teg*ry tha *'gate - l ' :esFinq" functi*n of rr irne poticyr+*u3d :-*quir* F*rt =u -*r ; t t*nt *nl ; :3 . i t pr$uld :r,oise recammendatis :-r=absst =.aris l re*rg.a*i=.at irrn rl ather .*rs-as af scrciety r+i th respe,ct *apr*hl*rest ic si t rsat isr ts uhich har".e beccrse the abject sf a cr irre policydeb.ats- t :3:

Ftrf ter thege rrbserv.at inns *Lrrut different he,y rancepts in theIar:gr-rage *f a ' rrd .atr*ut . cr i :nin.al . iust ice r*e cannrt yet c*.f lclude atrout ,th=qe a '*gu.*q* igsueg tr=lfcrre. Frg ' h*?.cE' ' :csrnined the 4uest inn of the nl*V*f 'g.b*li t i rf , rr - Let LrE thersf trre turn t lr tha t quest ian-

,

Fart I I* l . fhr. abol i t ion------------:rs*frr* tr-r. ' ing ta *fl .=i , rpr the quest isn "Llhy .ab*I i t icn , ' " i t i s

nFtess '*ry *f, l givs sat t le inforrast irn .abaut develnp6ents of ggr knrrsledg,e n *he f ie ld af , *. th.s t n rr isr inslogy is cal led the dark f isure.llr i.g i.n,*.1 'g cr- irn inn Iag is.t= t*r:r-$::ed -ta get an ide,,* abcu.t tfre f-equ.erlcy'*. t ' td n*t*.1-e sf ct- i .me- l t i th "s te . t i s t ice . I d,s . ta" ahsu. t the a.ct ivi t ieg efcr- ier rl,r, L cour- ts -

hlhen i t u.*s di=.c*vered that t$eny cr ir*in.al iseble er.glntg denouncedt '{} *h* pcl ire did n*tss ' i r end up in caurts {fsr r l lany reasons, one ef thembeing th*t nE

PerFttr.*t 'nr= r 'ere f*und . cr irninslsqists gtarted to prork

,, r


9/18

E,ft ' : t-r= &ii t ;h police statist ics inste*ed *f court statist ics. Thediffr=rr=::a:s heir.reer- t-epsl-hr=d crir:re q i ; - l a*i ice =ta.t i=tics and cr:r_r. i_t=t ' : . t i=tic '= t"r,*= defir:s*r,== dar-[: : f igure- E.,=ri*e dec,=rrrria d,]tr a -rei . , lFei-E=Ert:i ' .+e r:rr *he d,=:-$:. f iE*.r-s =.h,*r-fed lr: de-.sr=lr:p, elherr =elf repr:r_i;inqr-: ' i r- ir== '*.l-td rs -rt irn ir:u=r-: . ; .r1ee {.153 f.ie?-,g irrtr-arlr- .Lged. L,: . ter- fer I lat*erj ht tGb'=+"i-...,",t i::r'r ter=hr.t

.qr_;.e=

- ti,F i, ; th.*i ef,f ,q:c t i ve c;- i mi n.a i :at i n*r,*r-e ,s.l-?d er,.:ce* t i*l-t;: I erd"_r-rtIr-* thr 'f ield *f, crirrinsli : '*tisl ' rr tr*sEd o'n ' ,re, . :rrt ive palicing,,

{ *her-= *i-s FFr=f,: ' rrs p;h* feE, l *n ju=.*"11. tr-e=;ted in an event and inFr;trt c='th* pnl re.ar*.= then *nl-1.;rfter * f ,{r,ErF,a nt h.*= been lodqedlth= rr '*ir rE.tq{'fi | ' ihor 'cri lr l in.*1ia*hle svsr*t= are nrrt criryrinalis=,d is thatFic* ir:=' d$ ' :-r+t den*unc* *hs er.en* i* the pn ire. Fut therp .are fia-r,yre h*r rs.a=*r ' :5- Ferh' :+p= +-he po lre h;*$ ncs ti lne tn de:l p;rth a dencrunrede'rr='nti frt ihel ' r i id n*i find a perpetr.*t*r. rri- they deajt r+ith it in aprablsr* *ris*lsdr ns;] - s:r rri in*l i=rng ,rt .=rlrr.F:,rh.*p the E*Lti-t had nr ti ; lrets de*l p;i th the sl"e*t *: - ; there. uu=r* ;:r*cedural ab=tac Ie=.

ln the fistd *f crixn.ati=*ti*n b.ased gn,,Frrf , acti-t*g, Folicinq,,{ i l , ; s r+ffencsg irr the f isSd gf i } l*g*tr drxg= .and *r.sff ic safety} it isdiff icr*I t far the pnt re i+ lr ilr i id st ,nut. erre,nts; thls and the l imi tedpt=1if'rPs$u'tc.=. tcr pr*re=.= l;:E*i*.f-rer,rF - , t5 .Adnrinistr.atively are thE, ryrainrPs=-f, ,n.= th** "Effeciire =r r* n* i : .a t i**" tbringing a c*=,g, tg, a crinrinElltrf,tt-lr - *r .sF,F 1.,i n* .enrst-hetr f *rr*.*3 F.*:n[ i i c*n.r i s =l-+ch a rfi:-e. eveni .Ths 1.er-C=. nr+i*rit-1"" 6r; rr r*ina3 i=ab3e er,"ents , i , , .sg.:g_iC:l_r:*, ,and ,,f*i .nar, ,fr ' l '=l .L-relr:*g= thr-:= t* the darh f igur*. *l I th*=r sl .s ' r ts .a:re thr-rE de*it|+i*h **i=.ids rr rs+ r '*a3 j*=-iice- 3 =..*or" *trntinn.*3]o", , ,de.alt +,t i th, , ,tr*r '*r-ls* t" ' lg =.h*::3d nr** crlr, ' :n:i i . the err$F tfl thi*lL th.et r"rh.*t is noi inactqr "-=. -lr: t ir ' : mu.l . ldfi- Th,: . t r*s da r-rrrt l : :r-:r :er.hr:r".r rlgi*thir-:g L= ,,de.sit r+ii ;h, ,d**g nret .rr ' :s . ; lrr t s *r** "ds.slt pi ih. ' , Elre:s-ythinq irr i i i= , is i ;- ;"*;r+t? dEEIt pti ih b,s. thrs=.e dir=ctI1. , i .cl l .c, re.d,

e:4arnples r f different r*.ays

sutside criminel ju=tice=hould be dsne. I i rrni i

Iv

E]=r+hers tHr; srsan I?Tl 3 I gal ,e det*i I*di* r"ahich rri*ir : ; r l lseb3e

er.e*ts .grs ds.*]l r+rth.*nd h** rs=e.+rch in thi= field n rgrr. . .:p * anr*yself hsre t* ;* fer+ qerrer+l rem.srl , :E_

Fle 'ar 1 ' 'aI I *venis problsr*.at ic i , , s ' r rer.nF {a pers*n. *.nrtrgani=e*ir+ri . t {*Ervss:F**. .1 r*-**be appr*r.*rhed n a iegal proceg,s in nneP'a? ' Elr 'snrt*hsr Jcrir*insI iust ice, cir. i I just ice sr adrninigtrat i 'eiust icel . Lrut lrsr_$* er+ *f thern arg, , ts th* da;- t , : nuii lbe;- : rn ir- imin.aljugtice *s uerl as a*her farr*=. rf just lcs sh*r+. Frngt of thealternst ives ta crir*inel iust ice ere *J 'a prede*in.antly non - tegaln 'at*re- Thess al ternatiq.e= rs gprrFra lg nnt , , inventisns, , of peopleinvrlvs 'd in crirne p*lici . , or tegit pcl icS. in genera , br_rt are applieddti I l" ' t r"*rth*se i |1""ollued drrec*Iy *r indirectSy in prc,blemetics events.*lan - leg*I appr*arheg .are "gtet ical " *nd stsE' , 'ytsrr*st i l rely, , t in then{3rnt**iui t-y Ef i the trer:F:Ie inl .s lr.edS the rlr le; , , legal igai . ic , .n, , i= a r6re*:tr*F*inn- This hes str ' ; t1 '5 tre*n sco is gs nf, i ' r.and FrLI pr*bably be soin tFre future ' Thi= reali tv s trbsc*red r*hen erg, af , :p as stert ing pc,irr tthe "rlstrr$.*t iwi. ty" imp ied in ihe tr.adit i r :naI crirninal just ice detra*e.Bsrauss only thera }re fin,J * nf,rrrnst r" tT in uhich crininel just ice isthe rule and =. r:f t-=n {q-lr :r :rncir,usl-e. .} .suprc,sed tl : be --cantrary to .al Iscient1fic f ' :ncr*ledge-- aI=a a gt .at ical fart .

Tfie e:creptisna i*y {lf effE,ct ive crininalisat ion tt+) sfcrisninsl isatr le events *nd the fact th.at thev are as ;r r l t le dealt r. r i thin differents F,ays about xhich r*e larl , ; inforrn.at in has in m.any respectsr 'elerr 'ance fsr the a=se=.=.=sr,ent nf the Iegit imacv af rr i*nin*I jr-rst ice,The neg.at ive asFrsrt= af crirnin.al i i is t ice, t fsr ihe perpetrstclr=; andthase rlase tn thern.far ths pers*n ",hs suffered a ."rf , fng in thecr imin'al i aaLrle event

'fc r r the function.ar lsg in the agentr ies and for the


10/18

t r r lhLir : , : . i [ ,*r-ge] h ,+ . ' r r=Eler-r'r"=.t ds t]:eL i=. tFF;*tli r- r de t .= . i i -

Ths' f .*r t ih=rt c; -

br=r=lr,=s ter :=iseLy develaped else whr=r-e (HulEmar. t .. t .Er* ,==pr=ct I r* , : . t r t hr : r" tever- t r : de t .e lcp her-e {n, f r-e

inrir-:+i sa t . ian c ' f c:rirninal i sa t r le er.ents iss . t .* i :=i i r ; r311. srng i - r r r, r r* . ; l* :ss i t r e . :c repi . r rn .* l pr_: t= . .* nei+ _=:r iE- . : tabcrui l -re]eqlt r**r"1. ' 39 rr r r r in ; r l j*=ilcs srl th=.a-cende. The frern=, sf i -s . ferer : re efcr inr i* .4] j r- r= . t ic*:=. * ,=t .* $fr f i r ff r l u .* , r, *f inier*ctian betr*=,en ci t i rE, r, s .; i*d t r r r*rf s=.o- inn.* ls . l ' '1 . ; r s1" 1; ihe sr t ivi t res profs=sicn;ls der.e lc ,p pr i thrncr inr i *el j r- rs t i r=' * . r-e ; r t c*d=. vi th the requirenrents af th=. co .nr.ent isn .sqrn hr-l#r.:r* r t s - Thcs='e ' c r r r. ' . rn t ians c . 'n te in erc=ept rns wi th resE,ec t . tntn hur* .*rr r i t}hts

thrs*: - r rq : - l i rEi*sni= f t r r r r : r 61r**t jus t ice apprs .ach , b i r t nnly i f =: . . rch .anrurepi i*r r rg "nsrp=.Ear, . . r r dsnrcrcra t ic sf$cie ty, , t IS] l"lho cr_ruld clairnhh,* .e " ,? . \ - t El t ' - .epLi*r : i= r :e t==E,3 . t -1 , , ' . s*h=r, *ne , l : : r- r r : ,*+=ha. t c l - rx i t ra l i l ,*. t i r : r- r i=' f ?- ' r i- i= =: i l r.=Ft ic t - l e.r-*rl th '=f ; r=t -*r= ,a= pr- ,= . t rLic ,J . 11y r- la idea hr=l . l thn=e ev*r-l tE'*.t-= de,*. 1t r.* th r=r-.r.ts .de cr- i*-* rr,s . L -ir_t=t ce _ t. L& l*= *. re- . : ' ? -13: - : - .E=ir : i - tqe , : , : .? - r =ur '*r*,* -i=e cr- : . r- : t - i t ic i -=r.1 . - r : - cf hhr= cr i rx i r :aL-:*.=h l"c= E..ssEier,.t; =:= fr= I ir:s.r=: |J:;r- rJr=epe=t l-r._pr-aach t, : rr- ixit-t,=. I ju=t ire iEhh': 't i t tr=t-rd-= t* g il'"* ,3r'r ur-? -eal i.=t ir: &.qr-r=tr-uct iarr *f crh,3t hagperrerl a.r-rdhhet-sfr:t-r= ,*l=r: t* q iwr= ;.r-* g. -ir-e,*.I ist

ic arrd inef f*rt irre ar:gt+er - [ t tenrjsfr:.t-tt-r=r- tr : er:r:lr-.r.dr= the feer-*:ea.[ ,:r-e.s.r-rieatian= =u.ch ,3.-= hr= pn L ice an dt-r=r-.e.a-t= t-r=r::l de,:. l ir-r,g ir: ,*. =r-s*.tive s.+a.y .lith those errerrt= arrrl lear_rrir_rgft-*tlt lh=Err- ll:r-inrin,+. . .ir-.e.=.ii.r:e =ee|}j= ,=.t ::drl,=. r.{iih ,s. 1 tfre lhr-er= vaLr_r.e= r*eln*sr i i r= :*,"j ,=hr: "".*-

" i - l r i i . . i ; - : .*3 i=.*ii*rl" i=" unjugt i* ._=gfar r= b1, i t= , rp1f =tructurg i t#sni='=. the e'r ' ; i=.i ir*g r.ar ie . i i r= r- g ,=r .*I 3 fe.*nd th=. di ffe . rent="ufftF+'a*ifi*=. ' ' h:- l= gener 'at '*d= .=rr :d bec*r- := .e it i s r;nable t$ Fr. r i -e ive thern*nd r*pg r ' r r lh thsr*- : t i=. *3.Ec, uniugt -_gr, i t= nl+n tsr r*_=__ becauge itc '*nr*cti ds 'a3 Fq$tI 5 r+i th p*'rpe*.r+**re r ; :d vic t inr=. ; r*il=tr *f thenr d* nr- r tF-*p -l .= l rF.E ' .*r is ' :=ide =r lsxi : ' : .+3 jus*ice {d.ar l , : f igure}; E5 a rule they aredeel* t r ' i t 'h el=euhere i r r * rr.a 'y r+hich is ns t even L:r ts r+l - r n=ide crirnin.al. . r*s t i re ,

Part IIL HnT+ absli t ian-

H*r+ dsr r*e etrrr rEh crir$in.a iust ice?

flc .ade{tic .abs} i t ion

Le't ' : -*g f i rs i . te l t s ; t r lE , -qer Ics*i , : at the acadernic f6rr* cf atrol i t ion,E$r*= cf * 'hE. rnrcE.pt r- : .*3 .**d l.**g*+ga i==l-:gs have been *lreedy di=ru.5sedin F*r* i ' l*e h'=o'"e t r r r* tg b;rcf , : tc , thsnr n*u sf ter r+s have dige=ted theinf*rr* .* i . i*n *f{ 'ered in F.*r t I I .

I t ; " . ' s c*l- 'n{*t t ' t f i r l : +*ith ih* def i*ii c.ns of re .*I i ty pradr- tced bycr *'rri**3 iust ce ' *=c*rr3i *q -* . r r ihe -**lues def ined above thase irn*ge= nfre*3 i t 'y ar* inual id and t*i . rel iable . Thi= impl ies tha t .*cadernics hal ,e* ' r ' r r r r t ss t rucf t the e'" 'e ' r l ts thems*Ie*ps indrpendent E}f the crirninelius t i re =' ' r"st 'er* an* i rr r*nf *rm t ' ;* r ' l th the nrent crned ear I i e r r.a l ues -Tl-rug r+s'h 'at 'e in th* f i rs t p l .a re *c , gr t l r tho=e direc*ly involvedirr *he svent 'and as | , ; t l ss ' r r prhat happenedn in which uay they fe l t or feelgr$nged 'abrrut i tn to nhsrEr gr *s shich "s t .a te of affa i rs" do they9: t t i t r r re='pflnsatri l i t les f *r the er, .eni . * r+hat . do they r+ant to ds aboutii *nd. . tc : r uhs t da the , t r,*sn*. ts be dans by others .

Thi=' "rteFr" farr* *f rercf ls t r r- rc t ian h; r=. natura t Iy t .o re ,sFg, r t thedynamics sf the d*r.elr 'pr*ent af ec .enls fc , r thsse di rec t ly inr.olved and


11/18

..t-

/o ,their er:rrir-onfient- Ilr thi-= r.ray i t r* l i I t .eL=a pr-rf r.nirle . :n irrsight irrtr : the' . .e. t- iet ' lr rf ,f t*.3. '3" ' ; ,=r:rr=r-dir-rq ir: ( .rhi . :h r:r-i$irr,+Lil , : .blr= ]vet.rt- .< ,3. -e de,: . l tt* l th. Tt':u'= r** r.l i. I qst .3r-T dr=,:. hr:t* tha=e r.,*r- it i*= r-e l,:.te l:a th eg'lr- I iel- rxr=t-tt r=t-:g;r+ ...* .u*= { 1?i - t:ile+.a rr:1,:.g,== rhr:ut f i*iri= arrrj ar-r=a.= r: fpt-t :hler.r,*iir: =. . :- t .*ti*l-r= r.


12/18

' 3 .E '311 act r ide l r t . l J t :e d , :e= r r r : t a t t r ihute ih tr : ,3 . r- r r*ene Bl- ar ry th i r- rg s . r rdlsa l , ;= . anly at i t ss Et fsc t of I ive under a persElect ive t r f "regtsrationi t r the i*r tnedi . : . t e . atrd r- i=tr : : preventierr in the futur-e- Thi= i .s a r. le .y efr :r t r i . rEtr-r- . r.ct i l -rr3"".sr : t= thir ;-? i= wery r=f ter- i u.=ed in t :*tre= r:f cs.=es irr rchirhn't-,+.[ i-E't] ' to ' tre- "t-el ig i .nu= =.*t- ir.ne" iE. i*r* E :=rl - rt= e.i-r ,i . -r,=[.{r=r- ,: v r= lerrce i.t*ttir:h -,i . irf,$l - c:r;=e r=. bu.t-t-i+=rj dr:r*tr aurj ls*f,rlt- r:hi ld l . i i ir=d ,r. 'rf ,u bectrmE Eti t I&,lrf,l-s '*,r:Lir."= L.s: hu:. Lt ,*. ,=.:{l:: .=tE r*i.thq*r-:.* "e.p,3r-the .d. '-

I h i '= r:t-c1".'" E-t Ll-te frr-*,: , tJ cateq*r-ls. * . the t-if th t ,r ;1. . ' r :f ccrr=tr-:-.r.ct ir-rqet"oet:h'= -,* =r:r: . ,=.. l:r=rrtr-r* I ,=*pl-x*.cfi- th. : .h .3 r-E=F,f,r-ls b le . : . r : r :r- , a" 'pe t -pr=at - ,=f ; r=t -" * l tgr- .= Lhs =, :er : r= . Er+.er- r r, Lhe. t r :a .Ee the , ,pr_: . r- l i=hrnerr t*t'f,del o* i. '= ertll"g r:r::= r:f t$'l* r


13/18

t2, ;

t 'he prr-tbler* fieldsr prfrr. . ldes a "nursery" for ner4 trractices and nentsyster-n= af refere*ce f ,*r the org.ani: .ati . l :ns which ere at the bssis afr r i rs in ;e i ;u=.*ice ' .* ."- r ' J ,-r thi= r,a.ay ]e*d t r r the di=etrFresr.=nce sf therultur.*3 and s*r .* i *rq=l : r.+i i r rn +*hrrh I define.:=. the =nre rf crimin*1iu=t i re. ,

Th= r{:rniribt-: i i ,=*= r.-rg ,* i r rrrsl :F isr the abolit icn sf r r i r* inal j*=. i . i re

di ffsr .*rrc l : rd ing irs f3l-ri -g*r=. i i i*rs ' ; - r I i l .= . . I f r, le bel*rrq ta one crf thetlrg.* '* =ari cen=. p,rhirh fc ' r* the r* .*ter i ,aI b.a=e af crirsin=1 jus t ice , He har, .eather Ff i=.s ib i l i t ies *h*n t i rc :s .e *lh* d* nclt belong tc thase professians.

l ' I&-q+.crf *he "pi*le '= .=. i t* .*fs" r*ar i , : i f i* in these org**i=at icrn=tpcsi i re . r i lur tE * leg =] ; : i l ,e=. ss : - -* ics=,1 he\.F ch*,r, .re= icr inf luencs thee ,"c is i i*g Frr*ct i rss i ' r r r* *trc*] i t i*n:*t 1, .) ' l1r33}, ll{ten an absl i t iani=tpersF=f,t r, 's ' i=. ih= : r '*31. ' pg ' . : -epec*i . l ,e r*hich perrai t= tc tre re.al ly=;tt i=f ie 'd p;ith l+h*i c+n= i= d*inq ir; =r-r=h r:rganisatis rr=, ** absl i t ia*i=tF gr sF.gf, t i ,cg i s g*:rd ir+,r- rr'{-1t.tr heee } th ,

l-13 rr rliti.=. dr ih*== ;rraf es=. *rr=. r'ie *r e nnt psr+el- I =.g=. f,r i rxi n.ajr-r=.t irs d** 'g **i . rs is i - *s ly r:-r the. f*r-s*; r ] in=t i tu t iar ]=. . The act iv i t iess : :csr f , igsd rr thp i ' :e1 .5; *hs .s*r i* sf id ru l iurs l s rgani=.e t ic ln s fr r rssrir+.s i*=. t ice= iha 3.*;=guage {J=.E'd, , the r* .*ge= r;-e.ated rF Eo fasni I i .art* 'ns .*r l r. . g"o.p - ,dtrrrd1" gr; r-r=. th*t the5 I-=' p.;rrt cf rrur FE' rcept ic lns , ot .rre t i i l*deg.*nd *l l l - t rsh*r. i*ur, * l=* 1n t ,h is rpsFgr t the f ie ld af "cr i r f ip.*r :d rr i ; -* i ;+*3=." s 1 .F - r l r = . rEr ar t* *thsr= f ie ld r*h=r=, 1=sr-res frf "pere'**d l* .sr" . " l - .*r i .a3 iE=.1-r= '=" ared "gend*,"- isgues" sre debated. I hape th.*tf r lo-far* ' - ' . ' d=i .s i 3sd de==rigti :r :r af =c*re '=f the aliernaiive=; in {Huls*an,3*r l -s .* i d* f , l* l s ??:3 1 .=nd {l- lu lsr* . :** }5'?3 } r*i } t he lp ts u 'rrderst .and hclr+thi = 3=:lgu.ege' ,*nd ihs=e iss .*g*= *f cr r* n .* l jus t ce i nf luence us arrdr**=. t r* i n u=. -

3:r th ig a-sr t=s ' thpr; =r r* ins ju ' s t l re e :qigts in ne.arll .everybody r lfLls ] i l t s "grnde.t- p ; -+. i r- rd l is" and .* scrm=. *re*g crf ths r+*:- d "rac ialpre iud cs" E ' :c1=.*g i : -e r r= ' .*r l l . * '* ,er-1 . . $ns . Abol i 'b ion is thus in the f i rs tplace sbol i t ion of cr imin.a l ius t ice in nneself : changing perception=r

.ait i t*de=..=rrd beh.ar*i*: - .1 : r. *ucia .* ch.an4r t:rings ebsut a rh.=nge ofSenguaqe **d *n th= gther h.*'r :d a ch*nge *f language me". , . be, a pnr+erfuill"ehic le i l= bring abcru* =h.*ng=, i* prrreplian= and ati i tr-rde-=. fhanging&rtss eng:;age, ig esrsrsthir:g ee"eryb*d1' =.able ta da: t* s cer i .a in deqreefr- ,r rtrrrr - prrfr==irr*.a1=* i* *ray be s i*Fr, lpasier *h.a.n fsr profes=ian.als.

l" ls *re .* t r3e *c. ebrS igl - r r r i r : in .* . i r- :=*lce ln t :ur=slves , tr usean*thsr lexgu.ag= =* th.=t ) ' ;s =sT-: perrelre and nsbi ise giher ressurcegta de.*l r+i*h pr,atrler$*tir s i*u.a t icr l= . l*hen r ' le Lrse ansthar languagei r*ptsach thai l .*nguage trr sthers. tr{e ireviie ther* i r* *hat i* ,ay to abol ishrr i r* i n .*3 ir- rs i i ce a I gn .

Sordrecht * e?19-197 Loul, : Hulsmsn.


14/18

No tes

{ L} [ ' r r t 'hs s{3ci* rf i : - r t s , ' , ; t= I h .ar. .e trscame rnor-e Elr ]ess f *rni I ia rr"". ih inrr tar i ' :d part= cf the w*rId* *h* pr-rn =hrnent mnde sf in te . r ac t i*n r. rss

reg*r-*ed fcrr re] 'at ively =in:p * prcbler*at ic =ituartions of rni :ncri*p*r t ' sncs ' l ' ' lnre cctnlFl i ra tsd {1r icnp{rr t*nt issues }+erE, a l r, , re i . s d,al i + , ; t hin ather | , tay=. ,

{3} "f ,* : ff rp}eie" punighnre ,n t Frrssr-lFF,r,seg .*gr*e: r rent bet r" ;esn purr isher .andpl-t ' r"l shsdl *'opunisher"

i ' rho vr*ni= tr punlsh and a punished per=cn whr:*cr*pt '= *' lrr ac i iv i ty nf th* p*l-risher e= punishment, I t . i s poss i t : ]e th .a t=*a"ebr:dp- 'r ;dF='rie*cs= .* dscig s r : *f *n: : thsr psr=. i l : : . a= punishr*errt.a l th*r :gh *he =upp*s*d p**ishsr h . : :d r** ii*teniir ln i* pr_lnish. T*1:e Ef , r*=,*rr=,uhlr q*i 's in his j r t t '*nr ' th*r funr t * '* he *up=,r i*n;e= .os . a degredaii*n*r td r"lh* r ' r r f , t - r*1s* sl-tppc:se= th** ihi= rh.ange af f l r r rc t ien r.{as mes . r- r t esSr-rrrr =.hsrlpfii .

I r- i=' a? =cr rnss i t r le th ; r t srlm*tr*dy r. rant= ta puni=h b, - r t tha t th=,"pu' - t i= 'hs$"'d*es n*t reragnis='his auth*r i ty ta dn scl ernd g, :{FE,r ie . ' - ' r .**his ac t iwi ty .as il legit inrate via pncp.

nside t rFirn nal ixgtire pn*re= errenf . . s *f , , ree l , , p*nighnrent ceyrt*f ' ;e pl 'ace-shen relations sf au*hclri ty t re t r*een invalved perssns ar=,sgt 'a t r3 i='hed' -9* I observed in a dacurnentery f i lm htr* rrl c,Ider p*I icgrn*Flin * crisri*43 inc"estig*t ' i*rr cr=,* ted a resl rela*is,n r*i th .a y*u*g=,r'*ccl - l sed *nd punishE'd him in the proces *f inve=.iigeticn. He reprg ,achedhim hig bsh 'sYi**r in sn s*th*ri i1. ' relaiisrr end this repr* .ach r. r r.eg;+ccepted *= sl-rch- Funi

sperrr ,* nece=sary elernen* af puniahing.

t4) f , Iaudi 'a L'aubr *rl argentine s*cialngist r+h* r*ori , ;ed fnr a long t i rneirr *hs Ffr*istry nf Socls3 *ffeirs n ihe prar. . incs csrdsbe, Argentin*,pl*ys a centr 'a l role irr *hi= crg.*nie.ai i r*n.She is . :1ss +=snciertg,d r,r l ihthe '*c*ivi t iss^i]f the furapean Fsrunr far Llrban Securi ty, I t r i ,a5, in therrsnte:+t r*f the , ect ivi t ies sf the F*:rum that I *et her fsr th=.f irs tt i*s ' F+rt icipat ian in *he F*rus:* art ivi t ies l"raq ropry frui tful l f13r $tE*{} ge* '* bet*er understanding af the issues discusged in this g,5 '5ay.

tA) Thet is puen true . far FreFF,Ss l*h* *rethe r : rg .*ni ae*. i *ns r+h ch f *r r : r the :n .a ier I a]di ' , ' i= *n *f ] .ab*ur rai th in the .=_.*s lprs ff : .* i ;esf unc i *'r*er i c.s tn h.ar"* di rsr t elcper i ence *ft+hirh fcr r ry : t*gether the pr*r*= c$f cr i r* ina]

tS l I ref ,er lhere in the , f irgt placeen*trf ldi 'ed n ths expressicn: *I t ain ' tcr i t ic .s l w.sIue, A very ir*pert ,ant partts values *rhich .are nn* enntr ip.atary

t6) I r*i 3l enplai* later in more detai I s tha t the fac t the t aspects ofa gitu 'et icn rna1" tr igger praresses *f rr irainal isat isn {primary ;;--=ecrnd*ryl dses Fot imply al aI I th .a t thp s; i tuat ian is ,problenatic ,frrganissi icns l i l re pal ice* ccurt=* the e:qecutivs, and parl iar*entir t l '8lve thernselveg in t-he

f i rs t pi*"* in crimin.al ieing activi t iestrecause i t is seen as their interegt t f , | dn Et] or Uo fr.armfuf l to themnat ter ds i t i the same ig, t i a large degree, true for the indir"idual

a-- prof ess ior laIg r, lor l , : ng inLra=e cf the =1r=tein. The

it near ly irnpc'r.=iL'le f r r rthe di ffer-ent ac t rv i t ie .=

i =et i c tn ,

- t res t def ined agr+ i th

npt

to the .acadernic c{t re tpsgar i ly =a":af the acadenic

a t s l I .

i t ica l valuean ef i lanc i patorr*

prnducticrn refe;-s


15/18

8.t: t ,f l-E r"ri th lr-r the'=e'= rf, t-E'; .*il*tir:r-ls . In vie l*l r:f th*= gr-ev,a,i I irrg L.apqr-l ,=.geitr *hs= cr- i rg t i* ,* . t . ir-r=h ce debat:= 1., : .r-rrj r-l the gu- i L i .r : ,rL debate i r- r qeneraL )i t i= r=,*=' . tn r : l - the Ltlri i l . idr-1.*1 ,*.c:tr=t-= t* rreutr-sl i=e "their- rlr, ,n-li-e=Fif -{'=b i I i f;""s" fxr- the r:u-rt-l= =lfU.= -?f= -

(7,3 =;r1,"

o ' t*qi" , . , "e * har-rd tc: F. .Ff, ,E,]e_ . " s. .- ld nat , . tf i dEvelnp rnndels tor[tp*- ' - 'o trer.*u=.* ] s.uh=rr LcE' i* the. l*r1. . i :-r uhlr:h Fruc.auI t { IgBS}

det 11s'5 t 'hE. r*]e c,f the tr.*de:*ic in the=e i.s=.ues. Accnrding to hin* the*r.*dFn*ir =.h:$-alS i : r :* =,1.i i , ,"e ta F, aT t.hs rale af the intel Iectual -praphet r*hr: i= . ] l= ih* pe.r 'ple a,fhat the.1" h.ar.e tc, dr. and prescritreg fort 'hersr f r*f is '* nf *'h**ght. ntrirctiv=s snd rne*ns {r.rhich he develops in hishesd" i" tc t r l , : i s i* ih is Etudl ' surraunded b,y hi= tagl= - the iraditinn.alr ' ;a? in r 'rhirh trt*rt\f cri lr l vr.*] l*r" l ac.*dsnir= her.e r,r5 rl , :*dl. Jn=tead, ther*i r ' c*f , ihe ' . :+r.=d='ri i ir i s ln =h*pr I3 hnlx lnsii iuti*.1-r= re.*IIy fr;nrtis:no'*rrd 3t r""h.**. . :rrs t i-rs re;rI .r if issql.rpnres i , f the,rr f *nr t i aning i n ihediffsr*: r-*t =.eq:ne;. : t= af =.*cietlr- ln addit . ir,n. he h*= in Ltr,c:l1.E,r B) theej*=*ers:=. t : f thclugt pahr=h r_lnderlie lheqe instrtutian= srrd theirprc*i=s=' l ie hag t* shc'r+ the hi=tcrriL.al rsrrie: .r t gf

ihesE, systerns, thecrrn='- ' tr '*rn*= *he'1 ' e:cer{i=='*n u=* .=nd the fact that thev have becorne ssfar*i ] i*r lh*i the1" rp F. t : - t af *ur perreptians ' sr-rr att i tudes and o1-rrbsh.*l"isri-rr-- i- .*=tlyr 4l* h= -;*= *s r*cerl , ; *c*ether prith those invslved arrduith pl-Eaf,*ir-rr:er= *.r l fflr :glfy the' i .r*=tit*-lt i irns and lhe r pretctices and toder.*1*p *lher f,rrr;rr= l : i f lhr,*ght._

3* i=. rtcrt =li 's=ibSe i* hs f*ithfr_r3 *cl t .--ri=. nic,de] of fl lnctianing andir* d*'*e3c,p EFrFrLiI *t ir"s]p. rs*dels rrf a3 te.r_.r_et vp=..

f gl I :*e 'a* EqrFerneflt nn *h= f, .sct th.*i state strlrrtures ought to beEeCrJ.t '*.t-,*.nd .'r*r'l fr-il. r1,*.ettr=lrt,=.i.=.t- Ever-yh*dy r*iII hr=.s.r.:,:.r-r= r:f the_ fsglth*.h Hhi= 2-E .tsil-el}?st.th isr .i -r rE.3.r-}"*nfl-e;}.Es r-tr{}t se.ti=fied ,:.t ,:. l. l*iarryE*t* st- ,3rtice=. =.t i[1 f*l1n** the c]r*del *f tata. 1 i t , : . r- i s .m a.rrrl e.uthcr-i tarie.nt-= I i* ir:l 'r= -

(9) I se;sn*i$rsr ' ,*h=nr here in "sten*graphlc" fsrnr as I presented thernsarlier irr Hr-l]Eftr '*rr. TFl , . Th=.". . r{g,rE' r*cl rE, develgpe,d in F;*r_rgeron andHr: I =n:*rr, F?$ -

{ l |}} Ths *egic :d=-= := ihet purllshr*ent according to grarri ty is theccrn=siflne *f flrdsr ' He]*ted t* this i= ths idea thet esFecialIyserious sffe*dsr= tsay r:st egr.*p=s puni--hr**nt: "Thig ig =o serious thati t rannnt gs unF$rlished". In prECt ce. e, ,"ente l*i th real Iy dig,astroustr{}rl5FEluFflres l i l ' :e the gthnic rleansing ir l Yugos .a-*ia and Africa gtrrte.*rl"r".*Ir"c.aF.E Fr.af, t irel . ," . r*ith*ul. p;_r*i._qhrse.*t. In additinn i t is mye:4Fsrience th '* t , pe*ple I srest t i '*

Hsller*d snd els=' r+h=,re, in th=' p*orld)ttsE' th* punishflsn* nrade} af sclc ;r l r*ntrsl frrr sr:ra]l .a*d nat ss r*pr:rt ;rrs* tr*nsgres=irr*= *f rsles. I ' thex things trecar*e inrpartsnt perpteh*-.e rs5$rt ** vsrY d:ffereni fs;-n*= *f =c,cisl reguletl lrn: rer+ards,rcfsif , ] i at i"t*rg nsgaf,i . :et i*n. Thig ig nst onty true in fanri ly meiters butr* ge. ' r*eral lr"rorl{ rrrd bu=ineEe rs ls t l*n. e ic , )

t 111 n *ther legal Frrcrf,psess tc iv i lJadnin gtrative , the r,rrongedprgcrr is cle*rly the client snd he h.es the power {nver theprofessisn'alsl t s erient lhe prnredure. If he is not s.*tisfied he c;gnstnp the praceedings'The par*y =alled in court alsn becornes a clientand he .*lscr has Farqrer. Ir* crirnin.al iu=.*ice this is dif ferent - ThisaeFer* has been tnrrre elabcrrated in F.ar-rgernn and Hulsra.an, 1??b.

{lE} FE'r B cctr-}trrete.applicaticrn of guch an approach to crirnp pnlicy,


16/18

EBr= the L5th [ : r- ior i lr l : larg ica . IE*-*-r :p := { tFE43 . e=Fsr ie .L Ly the*f the cr:t-ife -st-i[e - f,*r;r-rr i I r: f':.t-td T{-teir- I,r.lp . ic*.t i,:t 'rs f.-r=r- r-

Eesear.ch f , r : r r ference r : f th f ,nur- rc i l oftd*p led r-er:,tr$t{ ler:d,:t iqr-t= and tror-Itr r:.s icr:sfu . t - r :pe : "Eeh:saL Eeh,*vi r :ur- and at t i tude ,=

i*r i r- r,= . t r L, : . r


17/18

l

: i :- , : ; . ._?.: :T l*;^_.1: ,?: j , . . ?iscs,_rrs s_r*,= *r-,= rct cancer_rred y rhe fa,:r H_refi

?:_"?i,:-,1::; *::" .::_:- r.,re,:r==r*J; ;;;;;;;"-;; ;;_:"=,.,;;";;;::,.,ilo rved

ll"-ll:';:ll'.-="il:::.':-' -::l=:::*l=::=-;,*:--;'-;=";;;-";;l;=:=:I"=,li*,,nl,;..11=,_:-y;.1?:*r:,:.1 ",:;-,;;;-,,;_;;";";;;;,,=.'iII';"f'l=.;:il?,;;:;-';;;;' o.l"f,,,l''L,;, Iii ""11,,:::(19) TXE. di=, l : - rc t ian t re . t t+sEn thclse r+hr : ; r r= , d i rec t l l . . inl .olr.ed;nd tho=e"h* *re r t r * i=' qu te rleer in ihe rentr*l area cf ihe cancept hui er t'hr Srr i r ' 'ha ; r ' r* it rs**F he quit 'e cn 'n*rsver=. i+r, The distincti*n is a lscrr t t ur*i f r r r ; s r f , ' c t r ths di ffs rent prc*ires n r"lhich the =oncept ha= t* begpliF'd { ' s rs r i rs

' ' r* 'dir+ *3eg'*I= p*L'}ir ; rdr r : in ls t ; -a t ic** . inurnal is rn .arsdlher sr*di ; : eF . f , i . ,*I i t i s=] . The re .=earrhe: r h:s tn be aware nf tho=edi l fere . ' s : re= i * il- le r r r. r- rs t r r_sr t i*n c , f the . *r.ce=sdry indice t*rs . As I see t the *r:l ' icr* nf " ths dir*ril ' r, nc.a ue.d" f ,annf i t be res t r ic ted in legalFr*r t i r*= ' t -* i*dir--idu.a s-1 .**- l - t ra l perEr i r. s ; ta r-par.a t i 'ng and other"c*l 3]sr*i . ; l*. ig '-q" Frar. s .6 gcr bs . d i r=rc t l l s . : i l t "El lyed. In cirri l cgse _ lar+ a*t r+f r*=ter i ; r3 , inierssl rrg far cans t r r lc t ing , t roundar ies bet ."=.en thase

l rgr t o . . " i .*1"rr ]xr :d .*nd thr_r=s prhs .are nnt : faFr be fQund.

{Er3} Lib*r*t *qFrFrEFsit q.=. *ft* trp b*.=e,* s *

iheir g r, r s ,ps l r rs is aI=.s ,* leg: r l obligaticr-r i r r thehr- t ;x** r ghi . s : lhs ,Fql - t s ; rL.1 . *f pelple befcr. r-e the l ; r r" r htsc*f ihe pe . r :p}=,r-Fns.*i;-r=. .*rr i i 3 *= rsn .1: ' : '_1:"n

r*r*: . rg=d **$ yi=i i ,x i red, gc,cieI integr-at i .*n

{aI} Ths ' l h*='rat i*n nf *rrr :nged per=ans.and of th*se r+hs.are as}, :edrr ier""ene ix pr-i l t r ler :r.*i ir = *r-rart arrs ig *Iready put in pract ice insc*I pc t l ic ies t* pr-ornote urban secur i t1 . , Infsrr*at ian absut thcseFr.act irs= c.*rr be fclr_:nd in *he putr l lc+iinns sf the Eurepean Forunr,rb+* *er*.rr tb.= *?F:, f i*e Lianrc,*rt . ?=, , lE. paris .France.{eP} See ;r lr4r: t th= f$rur: : the pr-r tr} cai ic*n t in French and Engl ish)ecuri ty and Der*rccracy- *r, .*r. ; r,*ic; l I =*I le_qe an urben =afet lr, Forurnltrctpeen p*Lrr I* =e:ui i*. urbaine. I??4. Farurn Elrrcpeen* 3g Flueianr*ur* o ?=r3 4 par i=* T=.] : 33 - {,3r?g3l t

to50trre

f sr

te3 l fefferc ln i j?SF, = e gaad e: tar*ple in e dcuble rua1, : I , Jhat you can*chise 'e ire an ebf l l i r r r* is t . dr rec t i sn in the , uni \3=, r=i ty and hol+ lar+,x ,s , f -g*n r*nt . r b*ts irr .+* *b*Iii *ni=i l , r .1 in the caur ts ,


18/18

E b I iocr-aph ie

f ,*unci I af Eurape {ed} "5,F:{u3l Eehsr. iour and at t i tudes .and thr ' l rimpl ic.*t i*ns frr fr irsin.s] Lal+" o 5*r.a=hrr r- r r-q , tg84

f ,1r. r ;*r i I rr{ Eur*p* l.ed.t "Hepclr- t *i- l rJsrr i*ninal isat igfi""

StrasLrr}Lirq'l '=trrfr

[r-rrrrpe=n Fnrunr f c l - Lfr t ran ' i i= . r_r*r ii ' , . I e.d t "SecLrr i t : . . and Dernocl-iry r ' .* : - r.*1yt c .*3 tc l l lege crn U; . t r.*n F. :*f ,* i1 . - F*rum Europeen pour la gecur i t*r-t l-h+i 'rrs, lF?i{ . Fr-rrurs} Er-r r r*peerr,^

^Sf inFi , , r r.L, i .*pqnur t ,

"5t l , l4 Far is ,

F*tteh, f- F,l^1,,*L*J4^lt "ld'"L(o^' '= ++ '{q^a-uJ^l ' / tn,-"4h^

= gf{A;}'}J A>*trecq-vvv -ftM** l\^,-tAF;ruger '=n f , i- e* Hulse*.arr L. = Ls d*xelcrppernent . ds la r r imi i l rd lhqie *u

s* ' in d:- t i lcrn=.e i I dg l 'E*r*pe; *t*t s t Fer=ssct i r, ' es ,o i - Tul l , :ens F-,s f , rs3a; r" l - i . ,0 iedl "La iu=*. i r= p**.r ls err ELrrrrpe", Bru:re l les , I"?&,

Fr :*reul t , Ft . . " f{Lr '*pel le - t - r lFr pu*ir" , in F. Finge}he sn , ,d- .oFxnir t ' - t r i r l tre;tr-r s r l l J r i {br*:aei}e=, F:re=4F=. Univers i tar reg de I 'Unlver=it*l ihre* 3995

:3*sf is I* *- = "Thr ilr-rl turr r r f Fuh] ic Prnblern=.= Sris l ' : ing and l l r iu ingsnd ths Synrhc*I ic f l rdr- . i" . i lh i=+g*rLr: : .ds : - r- ' lgEl l

H.*r : ;*} , ;* . = Siehr J- = Ftein*:r* H. . * '*rgernisse l rnd]et rer r*l ' ; .* i*=*r*phFfi" , Fie tefe3d* *JIr I?S?

Hr-tlgn*;sn L, * "FrExF -lr r'in de3 del i t:r 1.. rrt-ievas f orr*.a= deFrero 'en= :* q:; . : rderrt= d*studis,r 'd*c*r**.nt*ri* * lblarrh t??1.

Hulslr ' .a* L-o "Tbe absli t snis .* crEF: alternative crirnelr.*e L.*v Feview* vcl E*,r r :rcr, 3 - c ' , lS?l

, iust ici*",

polir ies-"

r r t nHr-rl1:r ' r L . . , Fernat de f ,e3i=. J , . Fs.rras perdidas, Lt-o,r t^r- ,

/ \ i{e ' , . r Kl. 1F+3,df*ff er**i E. = "Er: trrlscs de eo- pene= perdidss" , sd . Ediar, Buencls

lSi res , l F8F.

abolitionist approach

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