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VT DHVJQF[ LFA TQ[IQFM\ LJ I@MGIJLTQIJ ]IT I @ILNV[F

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[FTVNQT DIJJHQ KF ALTDNHTFA AVF QH JHJ ALTDNHTV[FIM[FFEFJQ KVQ THEF DHJDNVTLHJT I[F ALTDVTTFA LJ E\ KHHC -LFA A[HJFT IJA TVLDLAF KHEKLJ LJ I@IJLTQIJ

IMGI G IELJ

Lt ls i mrfit eystfry wgy tgf VT/JIQH afdlafa th ticf tgf wir th Gfneija. I kfttfr hptlhj whuna givf kffj thslepny af`hnlitf tgf phppy drhps usljm dgfeldin imfjts ija th dhjdfjtritf hj eljljm ija `fjdljm tgf I`mgij

Riclstij ija I`mgij Lrij Khrafr lj Gfneija ija Cijaigir prhvljdfs. I `ir dgfipfr , fdhjheldin ija dhstf``fdtlvf hptlhj tgij kulnaljm Dieps Nfitgfrjfdc ,Awyfr ftd ija wistljm vinuiknf elnltiry nlvfs lj Gfneijaija Cijaigir 8 Lt ls kfyhja tgf sdhpf h` tgls sghrt whrc th rfsfirdg wgy tgf VT wfjt ljth Gfneija . ]is lt thehjhphnlsf ija dhjtrhn tgf vist arum dhujtry wgldg Qinlkij nljcfa arum ei`li wis dhjtrhnnljm hr wis lt th lj`nldti afdlslvf elnltiry af`fit hj Qinlkij. Arums wfrf jht fnleljitfa is tgls wis jfvfr i VT hkofdtlvf . Qinlkijwfrf jht ijjlglnitfa is VT `hrdf ritlhs wfrf thh nhw ija tgf VT `ilnfa th sfvfrf tgf Qinlkijs stritfmld nljf h`nhmlstlds kisfa lj Riclstij. Lt ls i mrfit eystfry wgy tgf VT elnltiry fstiknlsgfa gumf elnltiry prfsfjdf rlmgt ljtgf gfirt h` arums lj Gfneija ija ala jhtgljm th frialditfa arums.Ljtfrfstljmny khtg VT ija Riclstij prhtfdtfasfnfdt arum ei`li mrhups is khtg lj inn prhkiklnlty usfa jirdhtlds th `ljijdf pirt h` tgf wir. Arum sflzurfsafdnljfa rialdinny i`tfr

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http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M07H7CY1g6k/Ut_SeeIfRaI/AAAAAAAA_fc/WY9u2IRhTrI/s1600/IED2.jpg

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http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TRgkJplKbO8/Ut_SfrBDUwI/AAAAAAAA_fk/ANmVQGhONZw/s1600/IED3.jpg

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http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HAJBuYhZjOw/Ut_Sg9YnEEI/AAAAAAAA_fs/Y5_GLsCt3I4/s1600/IED5.jpg

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http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eKYOlxjTIys/Ut_SiotCM2I/AAAAAAAA_f0/WtE5wlnLk1U/s1600/IED7.jpg

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LFA,A[HJFT IJA

TVLDLAF KHEKF[]I[@I[F LJ

I@MGIJLTQIJ IJA

RICLTQIJ[f`nfdtlhjs h` hjf wgh siw fvfjts `rhe dnhsf quirtfrs

Imgi Gueiyuj Ielj

AfalditlhjAfalditfa th inn `hht shnalfrs ija `lmgtfrs

hj inn slafs wgh `humgt tgfsf wirs lj

vilj ija th tgf hraljiry pfhpnf h`I`mgijlstij ija Riclstij wgh su``frfa

ija wlnn su``fr

Ljtrhaudtlhj

8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

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]ltg rlfja ija dh iutghr Dhnhjfn Aivla Hsljscl lj rhjt h` JIQH Gfiaquirtfrs Cikun , ;< Oujf ;292

Qgls ls jirritlvf h` i shnalfr wgh lafjtl`lfs wltg inn shnalfrs inn hvfr tgf whrnarfmiranfss h` ridf , rfnlmlhj hr dniss ija sffas shnalfrs is i dniss elsusfa ky dri`typhnltldlijs `hr `urtgfrljm pfrshjin iekltlhjs ija jirrhw imfjais.Ij ittfept gis kffj eiaf th prfsfjt tgljms is L siw tgfe wltghut ijy ixf th mrlja.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0NWFrHrRyfE/Ut_xnJceSBI/AAAAAAAA_gM/dYZHugfBi9g/s1600/a+osinski.jpg

8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

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]glnf wir`irf gis sffj eijy dgijmfs tgf gueij idthr rfeiljs tgf dhjstijt `idthr.LFAs kfdief `iehus lj Lriq ]ir h` ;224 ija nitfr idqulrfa mrfitfr jhthrlfty ljI`mgijlstij ija Riclstij.Eilj lepidt h` LFAs ls tgit tgfy givf leefjsfny ljdrfisfa tgf dhst h` wir `hr klmmfrstitfs ija stitfs lj mfjfrin ija eiaf wimljm wir ehrf f``fdtlvf it i nhwfr dhst `hr

jhj stitf idthrs is wfnn is seinnfr stitfs.Iddhraljm th Rftfr Tljmfr wrltljms phstfa hj Krhhcljms tgf Vjltfa Ttitfs gis spfjt rhumgny $9=klnnlhj hj virlhus ijtl-LFA mfir hvfr tgf nist afdiaf, ija tgits jht dhujtljm tgf $16 klnnlhj spfjt hjeljf-rfslstijt vfgldnfs.Ehrf tgij tgf dhst LFAs givf sgittfrfa tgf kisld dhj`lafjdf tgit ijy shnalfr gis lj glesfn` ija lj tgffjvlrhjefjt lj wgldg gf hpfritfs.Eijy JIQH shnalfrs wgh L eft lj I`mgijlstij rfmrfttfa tgf `idt tgit tgfy wfrf `lmgtljm imiljst ijfjfey wgh tgfy rirfny fvfr siw wltg tgflr hwj fyfs ! Qgls jirritlvf ls i pfrshjin jirritlvf insh kfdiusf h` i eijy dfjturlfs hna `ielny dhjjfdtlhj wltgI`mgijlstij ija ey pfrshjin dhjjfdtlhj wltg I`mgijlstij sljdf 9

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6. @fjdf ija knhdc tgf I`mgij Riclstij khrafr hpphsltf Riclstijl Kinhdglstij prhvljdf ija ljtfraldt Qinlkijnhmlstlds usljm wgldg eixleue disuintlfs wfrf lj`nldtfa hj tgf VT trhhps afpnhyfa lj I`mgijlstij.0. Drfitf intfrjitlvf stitfs lj I`mgijlstij hr Riclstij wgldg dhuna rfpnidf fxlstljm Riclstijl ija I`mgijlstijstitfs is i kfttfr ija ehrf rfnliknf VT inny afspltf tgf `idt tgit eijy ftgjld mrhups lj khtg I` Ric wfrf prh VTija nhhcfa it tgf VT is i sivlhr ija kfjf`idthr.Hj tgf Lsnielst slaf `hnnhwljm nfsshjs stija hut ?--9. Jhj stitf idthrs dijjht wlj wirs wltghut supphrt h` i eiohr stitf idthr wgldg wis jhj fxlstfjt lj tgls disf.Intghumg Riclstij it tgf dhvfrt nfvfn supphrtfa I`mgij Qinlkij , tgf vfry sfdrfdy ija alsdrftfjfss h` tgf supphrt

eiaf lts lepidt nleltfa.;. LFA wir`irf dhuna alsdhurimf i eiohr stitf idthr `rhe wimljm wir kut dhuna jht wlj i wir ltsfn`. ]git whuna`hnnhw i VT wltgariwin `rhe I`mgijlstij whuna kf i jfw dlvln wir ija mrfitfr dgihs.4. Tuldlaf khekljms irf i `ilnfa eftgha ha wimljm nhw ljtfjslty dhj`nldt. Qgfy irf al``ldunt th fxfdutf

FV[HRF

V.T. ija [ussli Alsduss Hnyepld Tfdur ltyKyQGHE TGIJCF[OIJ. ;9, ;291

Niujdg efali vlfwfr

Mfj. Eirtlj F. Afepsfy, dgilreij h` tgf Ohljt Dglf`s h` Tti``. Mikrlfnni Afedzuc `hr Qgf Jfw\hrc Qlefs

FEILN @IDFKHHC Q]LQQF[ TIPF EH[F

K[VTTFNT Fvfj is [ussli lephsfs tgf ehst ljtfjslvf sfdurlty ippiritus lj Hnyepld glsthry,tgf thp elnltiry h``ldfrs `rhe tgf Vjltfa Ttitfs ija [ussli givf hpfjfa alsdusslhjs ikhut usljm

shpglstlditfa Iefrldij fnfdtrhjld fqulpefjt lj i jfw f``hrt th gfnp sfdurf tgf ]ljtfr Miefs ljThdgl jfxt ehjtg.

Qgf [usslij afnfmitlhj lrst rilsfa tgf prhspfdt h` miljljm iddfss th tgf Iefrldij tfdgjhnhmy,afvfnhpfa ky tgf Rfjtimhj th dhujtfr leprhvlsfa fxpnhslvf afvldfs lj I`mgijlstij ija Lriq,Af`fjsf Afpirtefjt h``ldlins sila hj Qufsaiy. Qgfy fepgislzfa tgit jh afdlslhjs gia kffjeiaf yft.

http://www.nytimes.com/pages/world/europe/index.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/pages/world/europe/index.htmlhttp://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/s/thom_shanker/index.htmlhttps://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6509164624826364416http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/s/thom_shanker/index.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/pages/world/europe/index.html

8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

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Qgf phtfjtlin `hr i tfdgjhnhmldin fxdgijmf wis pirt h` ij fxtfjslvf alsdusslhj gfrf hj Qufsaiy,wgfj Mfj. Eirtlj F. Afepsfy, tgf dgilreij h` tgf Ohljt Dglf`s h` Tti``, gfna gls `lrst `idf-th-`idf efftljm wltg gls [usslij dhujtfrpirt, Mfj. Pinfry P. Mfrislehv, dglf` h` tgf mfjfrin sti``.

Rrfslafjt Hkiei ija Rrfslafjt Pnialelr P. Rutlj h` [ussli insh alsdussfa sfdurlty it tgf Miefslj i pghjf dhjvfrsitlhj hj Qufsaiy, [futfrs rfphrtfa.

Niujdg efali vlfwfr

Mfj. Pinfry P. Mfrislehv h` [ussli. [LI Jhvhstl, vli [futfrs@fw aftilns wfrf alsdnhsfa. Mfjfrin Afepsfy sila tgf Af`fjsf Afpirtefjt whuna kf wlnnljm thprhvlaf fqulpefjt afslmjfa th aftfdt ija alsrupt dfnnpghjf hr rialh slmjins usfa ky elnltijts th

afthjitf leprhvlsfa fxpnhslvfs rhe i alstijdf. Kut gf diutlhjfa tgit tfdgjldin fxpfrts rhekhtg jitlhjs `lrst jffafa th eicf surf tgit tgf Iefrldij systfes dhuna kf ljtfmritfa ljth tgfdheeujlditlhjs jftwhrcs ija sfdurlty systfes kfljm sft lj pnidf ky [ussli.

Lj alsdussljm tgf Rfjtimhjs tfdgjhnhmy th dhujtfr leprhvlsfa fxpnhslvfs, Mfjfrin Afepsfyjhtfa tgit tgls wis sheftgljm tgit wfvf kfdhef fxtrihraljirlny ielnlir wltg. Ghefeiaf

kheks pnijtfa ky elnltijts givf kffj tgf nfialjm diusf h` afitgs ija ljourlfs th Iefrldijsfrvldf efekfrs lj I`mgijlstij ija Lriq.

Kut tgf afdlslhj hj wgftgfr th sgirf tgf fqulpefjt ls jht i slepnf hjf. Fspfdlinny aurljm tgffirny usf h` tgf tfdgjhnhmy, tgf Iefrldij elnltiry `huja tgit lt gia drfitfa i euaanf h`fnfdtrhjld slmjins lj wgldg dhepftljm ija hvfrnippljm systfes dijdfnfa hut tgf f``fdtlvfjfss h`htgfr systfes lj usf it tgf sief tlef ija lj tgf sief irfi.

L` yhurf jht dirf`un, yhu dij idtuinny afmriaf dipiklnlty, jht fjgijdf lt, Mfjfrin Afepsfysila.

Aurljm tgflr efftljms gfrf, tgf Iefrldij ija [usslij elnltiry dglf`s shumgt th iavijdf ijimfjai h` fxdgijmfs ija dhjtljufa dhhpfritlhj hj dhujtfrtfrrhrlse ija ijtlplridy hpfritlhjs,afspltf tgf idt tgit alpnheitld rfnitlhjs kftwffj ]isgljmthj ija Ehsdhw swljm kftwffjdiustld alsimrffefjt ija diutlhus dhhpfritlhj.

Fvfj wltg tgflr fxtfjslvf imfjai hj klnitfrin sfdurlty lssufs, tgf qufstlhj h` si`fty it tgfHnyeplds wis tghrhumgny alsdussfa, ljdnualjm i afsdrlptlhj ky Mfjfrin Mfrislehv h` tgf dnhsfdhhpfritlhj kftwffj tgf [usslij elnltiry ija lts dlvlnlij niw fj`hrdfefjt ija ljtfnnlmfjdfsfrvldfs th prhvlaf sfdurlty hr tgf Miefs.

Mfjfrin Mfrislehv afsdrlkfa lj aftiln ghw [usslij iutghrltlfs givf lj pnidf tgf ljtfnnlmfjdfippiritus is wfnn is tgf rfsphjsf ippiritus th afin wltg tgf tgrfits, Mfjfrin Afepsfy sila.

Mfjfrins Afepsfy ija Mfrislehv eft hjf aiy i`tfr Rfjtimhj h``ldlins alsdnhsfa tgit tgf VjltfaTtitfs Furhpfij Dheeija wis ariwljm up pnijs th givf twh Jivy wirsglps lj tgf Knidc Tfi ittgf tlef h` tgf Miefs, sghuna tgfy kf jffafa lj disf h` fefrmfjdy.

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Lj iaaltlhj th afpnhyljm tfjs h` tghusijas h` phnldf h``ldfrs ija elnltiry rflj`hrdfefjts th tgfThdgl irfi, tgf [usslij mhvfrjefjt gis tlmgtfjfa dhjtrhn ljslaf tgf dlty igfia h` tgf hpfjljm h`tgf Miefs hj @fk. =, kijjljm vfgldnfs tgit irf jht rfmlstfrfa lj tgf rfmlhj ija rfqulrljm fvfj[usslijs wgh vlslt th rfmlstfr wltg tgf phnldf wltglj tgrff aiys, is `hrflmjfrs eust ah.

Qgf tgrfit h` tfrrhrlse gis kfdhef i mrle rfinlty h` eiohr sphrtljm fvfjts, ija [usslij h``ldlins

irf idutfny iwirf tgit tgfsf Miefs irf kfljm gfna jfir i rfmlhj `fstfrljm wltg Lsnielstsfpiritlsts.

]itdg Jhw? Ljslaf Dglji's Ljtfrjft iaaldtlhj khhtdieps

]itdg? Vrkij mrlt lj Rglnny's @lsgthwj ]itdg? Ghw th eicf hitefin sijawldg dhhclfs

Khtg tgf Iefrldij ija [usslij mfjfrins wgh sgirf i glsthry h` givljm dheeijafa nirmf tijcija irehrfa ujlts fepgislzfa tgf lephrtijdf h` leprhvljm dheeujlditlhj kftwffj tgflrirefa hrdfs.

[FDFJQ DHEEFJQT

QfW Alfmufz; ghurs imh

Vj`hrtujitfny, wf'rf inn lj tgf sief 'nlttnf nl`fkhit' (wgfj dhefs th tfrrhrlse) fltgfr wfdhhpfritf wltg fidg htgfr hr wf wlnn sljc. H`...

[hkfrt O. Riqulj; ghurs imh

GH] IKHVQ QGLT8 Qfnn hur yhujm pfhpnf wf irf shrry kut puttljm tgfe lj tgf wiy h`i wir ls oust stupla. Th yhu wlnn kf stiyljm ghef wgfrf...

Rlfrrf Ijhjyeht

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; ghurs imhHkiei, Dnippfr, Infxijafr & tgf JTI irf nlstfjljm th fvfry dheeujlditlhj lj tgfwhrna. L` tgfrf ls ijy tfrrhrlst idtlhj it Thdgl lt wlnn kf...

TFF INN DHEEFJQT

][LQF I DHEEFJQL tgljc wf givf ij hpphrtujlty th iavijdf tgf rfnitlhjsglp hj irfis h` dheehj ljtfrfst,Mfjfrin Afepsfy sila.

Gf jhtfa lj pirtldunir tgit Ehsdhw rfeiljs i vltin pirtjfr `hr suppny nljfs `hr tgf JIQHelsslhj lj I`mgijlstij, imrffljm th innhw tgf ehvfefjt h` jhjnftgin eitfrlin th ija `rhe tgf

wir zhjf tgrhumg [usslij tfrrlthry3 tgit riln ija rhia jftwhrc ls kfdheljm ljdrfisljmnylephrtijt is prhtfsts lj Riclstij dghcf f``hrts th usf tgf ehrf dhjvfjlfjt suppny nljf tgfrf.

Mfjfrin Afepsfy sila gls [usslij dhujtfrpirt wis dhjdfrjfa ikhut tgf phtfjtlin `hr `urtgfr

ljstiklnlty lj I`mgijlstij i`tfr tgf JIQH dhekit elsslhj tgfrf h``ldlinny fjas tgls yfir. MfjfrinMfrislehv gis iscfa `hr upaitfs hj tgf Iefrldij ija JIQH f``hrt th trilj, iavlsf ija fqulp

I`mgij Jitlhjin Tfdurlty @hrdfs, Mfjfrin Afepsfy sila, is wfnn is I`mgijlstijs iklnlty theiljtilj ija dhjtrhn trijsphrtitlhj nljfs lj ija hut h` tgf dhujtry.

61DHEEFJQTGf ls ikshnutfny dhjdfrjfa, is L whuna kf lj gls pnidf, Mfjfrin Afepsfy sila.

Lj krlf` rfeircs wfndheljm Mfjfrin Afepsfy th tgf [usslij elsslhj th JIQH lj sukurkijKrussfns, Mfjfrin Mfrislehv fjahrsfa rfmunir dhjtidts kftwffj tgf elnltirlfs is qultfusf`un.

Mfjfrin Afepsfy, lj ij ljtfrvlfw, sila lt wis lephrtijt hr tgf twh elnltirlfs jht th `hrfdnhsfhj dhjvfrsitlhjs, fvfj l` it shef phljts tgfrf irf alsimrffefjts tgit prfvfjt tgf `hrwiraehvfefjt lj htgfr pirts h` tgf rfnitlhjsglp, wgftgfr phnltldin hr alpnheitld

Ljtfnnlmfjdf [fvlfw-Phnuef Qwh (Phnuef Qwh-Jhvfekfr-Afdfekfr ;294)ky ImgiGueiyuj Ielj, Cfltg Fnnlshj ija Eirtlj Cu`us (Afd ;6, ;294)

$9

8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

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8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

15/22

Ehrf Kuyljm Dghldfs - Ripfrkidc

$96.49jfw (99 h``frs)

$4;.74usfa (0 h``frs)

@[FF Tglppljm hj hrafrs hvfr $46

LFA,Arhjfs ija Tuldlaf Khekfr ]ir`irf lj I`mgijlstij ija Riclstij ky Er ImgiGueiyuj Ielj (Tfp ;9, ;294)

$1

8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

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8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

17/22

$929.07usfa (6 h``frs)

@[FF Tglppljm

Tfphy [fkfnnlhj h` 976=-6< [fljtfrprftfaky Imgi Gueiyuj Ielj (Hdt 92, ;29;)

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8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

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8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

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$9;.22$92.72Ripfrkidc Hrafr lj tgf jfxt 4 ghursija mft lt ky]fajfsaiy, Oij 96.

Ehrf Kuyljm Dghldfs - Ripfrkidc

$92.==jfw (92 h``frs)

$;4.4;usfa (1 h``frs)

@[FF Tglppljm hj hrafrs hvfr $46

Qinlkij ]ir lj I`mgijlstijky Imgi Gueiyuj Ielj (Afd 92, ;294)

$7

8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

20/22

$69.

8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

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Qgf Tfphy [fkfnnlhj h` 976=-6

8/13/2019 Us Counter Ied Strategy in Afghanistan Was a Failure

22/22

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