Urinary system

1. Compounds and functions

2. Embryogenesis

3. Kidney

4. Nephrons types

5. Blood supplying

6. Glomerular filter

7. Nephrons histophysiology

8. Endocrine system of kidney

9. Urine transport system

Kidneys – urine production endocrine

Ureters – voiding of urine Urinary bladder–urine deposition

Urethra – voiding of urine

• Embryogenesis of urinary system

• Source – intermediate mesoderm (nephrogonotom)

• Stages – pronephroi

mesonephroi

metanephroi

Kidney

MFU – nephronrenal corpuscle+tubular system

Types: 1. cortical – short and long2. juxtamedullary

Blood supply

1. 25% of cardiac output

2. Two capillary systems (glomerular and peritubular)

3. High blood pressure in glomerulus

Renal cortex

Renal corpuscle

Renal corpuscle ultrastructure

Glomerular filter

Glomerular filter

Between circulating blood and urinary space

• Podocyte

• Basement membrane unusialy thick physical and electrical barrier

• Endothelium fenestrated

Proximal convoluted tube

Distant convoluted tube

Urine production

Stage Place Mechanism

Filtration Renal corpuscle

High blood pressure

Absorp-tion

Tubules Active – by cells

Passive – onkotic pressure

Secre-tion

Collecting tube

H+

Endocrine system of kidneys

• Renin-angiotensin

• Prostaglandins

• Callicrein-kinins

• Erythropoietin

• Juxtaglomerular apparatus

1. Juxtaglomerular cells

2. Juxtavascular cells

3. Macula densa area

4. Mesangial cells

Urine transport system

• Renal pelvis• Ureters• Urinary bladder• Urethra

Tunics

I Mucosa: epithelium (urothelium)

lamina propria

muscularis mucosa

II Submucosa

III Muscular

IV Adventitia