Unit IV: Nutrition

The foods we eat and how we process it.

What do humans need from the environment?

A. Nutrition1. The life activity involved in obtaining _____________.

a. __________ = taking in of nutrientsb. __________ = breaking down of nutrientsc. __________ = elimination of unused foods

2. Nutrients - environmental _________ necessary for life- used for ________- used to create _____ and body parts

a. MacronutrientsMacronutrients are nutrientsthat the body needs in _________quantities

1. ________________- Examples: ________________candy, cookies, pasta, bread, potatoes, oats- Source of __________ for the body- Specific Carbs: Glucose, Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose, Glycogen, Cellulose

2. _______________

Examples: Meat, fish, eggs, beans

Building blocks for components of the __________________

Muscle, hair, nails, skin, enzymes

Proteins are made

of ______________Essential Amino Acids: Isoleucine, Leucine, lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan and Valine.

3. Lipids Examples: _______, Oils, and Waxes Used for:

Insulation Protection Cell membranes, _____________

Two Types of Fats:1. Saturated Fats filled with hydrogen atoms, solid

at room temperature generally they are ________________

2. Unsaturated

Monounsaturated

Polyunstaturated

_______________

b. Micronutrients•Vitamins

◦A – _____________________________________◦B – ______________________________◦C – ________________________◦D – _______________◦E – ___________________________________◦K – ____________

•Minerals

◦Calcium – ___________________

◦Folic Acid – ________________

◦Iron – _________________

◦Magnesium – ________________

◦Phosphorus – _____________

◦Potassium – ____________________________

◦Zinc – ________________

3. Heterotrophic Nutritiona. Organisms need to obtain preformed organic molecule

______________________eat the products from another organism

b. Types of HeterotrophsHerbivore – ___________Carnivore – ___________Omnivore – ____________________Detritivore – ____________________

B. Human Nutrition1. Nutritional Requirements

Depends upon: _________________________________________________________________

Eat a variety of foodsCalories = amount of energy in foodPay attention to what you eat

Nutritional Needs

Nutrient

Calories 2000

Carbohydrates 300 g

Fiber 25 g

Proteins 50 g

Fats (no more than 30%)

65 g

Saturated Fat 20 g

Cholesterol 300 mg

Sodium 2400 mg

Potassium 3500 mg

Calcium 1000 mg

Iron 18 mg

Iodine 150 micrograms

Phosphorus 1000 mg

Magnesium 400 mg

Zinc 15 mg

Selenium 70 micrograms

Copper 2 mg

Manganese 2 mg

Chromium 120 micrograms

Molybdenum 75 micrograms

Chloride 3400 mg

Vitamin A 5000 IU

Vitamin B 6 2 mg

Vitamin B 12 6 micrograms

Vitamin C 60 mg

Vitamin D 400 IU

Vitamin E 30 IU

Vitamin K 80 micrograms

Thiamin 1.5 mg

Riboflavin 1.7 mg

Niacin 20 mg

Folic Acid 400 micrograms

Biotin 300 micrograms

Pantothenic Acid 10 mg

2. Human Digestive Systema. also known as: alimentary canal,

Gastrointestinal tract (GI)

b. ________________________the inside of your digestive system is exposed to theoutside environment

c.________________ – happens outside of cells

d. 3 Processes Ingestion Digestion Egestion

d. Organs of the Human Digestive System 1. ____________

__________ ____________________

Make into smaller pieces – this increases thesurface area of the food

_______ – salivary glands, moistens food so it can slide

down ___________________

Change the molecules that make up the foodDone by enzymes Amylase = enzymeStarch Glucose

2. Pharynxback of the ________, where the “wind pipe” and “food pipe” come together

___________ – small flap of muscle that directs food down the esophagus

3. _____________muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

____________ – muscular contractions that push food down the digestive system

Peristalsis Video

4. ____________Strong muscular storage sac___________________ – Stomach muscles crush and churn food___________________

_____________ = Pepsin (enzyme) + Hydrochloric Acid Digests proteins into amino acids

5. ____________

Makes digestive _________ for small intestine

6. _________

Makes ________ (waste) emulsifies fats

Gall Bladder – “bag” under the liver that holds bile

Food does not enter the pancreas nor the liver

Liver and pancreas are called

_____________________

7. __________________Long convoluted tube________________________________

Enzymes from pancreas - Amylase, Protease, LipaseMechanically digests Lipids - uses bile from liver to emulsify fats____________ of nutrients

villi and microvilli – small projections of the smallintestine wall______________________ – absorbs more materials

8. _________________also known as the ColonShorter than the small intestineMany beneficial ___________ live in the large intestineReabsorbs __________ , some vitamins and mineralsUndigested food = feces - Egested through anus defecation

3. Diseases / Disorders of the Human Digestive SystemScurvy – JohnnyStomach Cancer - JohannaUlcers - AlanAcid reflux - ElardAppendicitisDiarrhea & Constipation - KeshaPellagraAnorexia Nervosa & Bulimia - JocelynKwashiorkor DysenteryCrohn Disease   ColitisIrritable Bowel SyndromeDiverticulitis - MeganE. coli – Food poisoning - Ashley