unit 5 lesson 3 understanding temperature effects on plant growth
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Unit 5Lesson 3
Understanding Temperature Effects on Plant growth
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Freeze Damage• Freezing can cause physical damage to the plant cells. • Freeze damage occurs when the cell walls of plants break as the
contents of the cells freeze. – Hardier plants are better able to withstand low temperatures than
less hardy plants. • Freeze damage is very important to the orchard industries in
agriculture. – This is especially worrisome with a heavy frost around the time when
fruit trees are in flower. – Flowers can be lost from freezing, and hence an entire crop can be
lost. • To prevent serious damage to crops, growers may choose to spray their
crops with water as this offers some protection to the flowers, leaves, and stems.
• A continuous application of water prevents the temperature of the plant tissues from dropping below 32 degrees F.
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Freeze Damage• Landscape plants are also susceptible to freeze damage.
– If soil temperatures drop too low, roots can be killed and the plants will die.
– Landscape plants often have stems, buds, flowers and leaves that are marginally hardy to a frost.
– Heavy layers of mulch are often used to help protect delicate landscape plants from damage.
• Most agricultural crops are herbaceous annual plants and are more easily damaged by cold temperatures.
• Concern for freeze damage is greatest usually during planting season– before plants are well established– before harvest.
• To assess frost damage, one must be patient! – It often takes several days to survey the damage and the ability of a
crop to recover from the frost.
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Freeze Damage
Frost Damage on Corn
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Heat Damage• The effects of heat damage may not be as evident as that of cold;
– however it can be as detrimental to crop production causing a loss of • Yields• aesthetic appeal of crops
• Heat damage is worst when it is not only hot, but also dry. – Plants have some ability to cool themselves by transpiration through
their stomata. • As this water evaporates, it has a cooling effect. • Stomata close if the plant roots cannot supply water quickly enough to
replace water lost from transpiration. – This helps the plant to conserve water.
• Further water loss causes wilting– a drooping condition and a lack of firmness in the plant tissues.
• Wilting will result in a loss of turgidity, – or water pressure in the plant cells.
– Severe heat conditions can cause plant tissues to dry up and die.
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Heat Damage
• Excess heat usually causes scorch symptoms on leaf tips and interveinal areas.
• Portions of leaves shaded by other leaves, or leaves on the shady side of the plant, may be undamaged.
• Frequently, heat damage will occur uniformly over all plants in an affected area