lesson 1 - plant cell

8/8/2019 Lesson 1 - Plant Cell

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Definitions Morphology

Study of form and basic organization.

Anatomy

Study of tissue organization.

Physiology

Study of normal organism function.



Life Cycle Juvenile

Adult Reproductive

Vegetative



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The Cellular Level of

Organization Living things are constructed of cells.

Cell structure is diverse but all cellsshare common characteristics.



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The cell theory states:1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in

organisms.3. All cells come only from other cells.



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Cells are small so they can exchange materials with theirsurroundings.



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Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that

controls the workings of the cell.

All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane made ofphospholipids and proteins.



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The plasma membrane regulates what enters and exitsthe cell.

Inside the plasma membrane, the nucleus is surrounded

by cyto plasm.

Plant cells have a cell wall in addition to the plasmamembrane.

Animal and plant cells have organelles.

Organelles com partmentalize functions within the cell.



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Plant cell anatomy



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Structure of the Nucleus Chromatin: DNA and proteins

Nucleolus: Chromatin and ribosomal subunits

Nuclear envelope: Double membrane with pores

Nucleoplasm: semifluid medium inside the nucleus.



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Ribosomes Protein synthesis occurs at tiny

organelles called ribosomes. Ribosomes are composed of a largesubunit and a small subunit.

Ribosomes can be found alone inthe cytoplasm, in groups called polyribosomes, or attached to theendoplasmic reticulum.



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The Endomembrane

System The endomembrane system consists of:

Nuclear envelope

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus Vesicles



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The endoplasmic

reticulum The endo plasmic reticulum ( ER) is a system of membranous

channels and saccules.

Rou gh ER is studded with ribosomes and is the site ofprotein synthesis and processing.

Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is the site of synthesis ofphospholipids and the packaging of proteins into vesicles,among other functions.



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The endoplasmic

reticulum



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The Golgi apparatus The Golgi a pparatus consists of a stack of curvedsaccules.

The Golgi apparatus receives protein and also lipid-

filled vesicles from the ER, packages, processes, anddistributes them within the cell.

This organelle may also be involved in secretion.



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The Golgi apparatus



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Lysosomes and vacuoles Lysosomes are vesicles produced by the Golgi

apparatus.

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes and areinvolved in intracellular digestion.

V acuoles (large) and vesicles (small) are membranoussacs in the cell that store substances.



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Peroxisomes Peroxisomes are vesicles than contain enzymes.

The enzymes in these organelles use up oxygen andproduce hydrogen peroxide.

Peroxisomes are abundant in the liver where theyproduce bile salts and cholesterol and break down fats.



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Energy-Related

Organelles The two energy-related organelles

of eukaryotes are chloro plasts andmitochondria.



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Plant cell anatomy



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Chloroplast structure



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Chloroplasts A chloro plast is bounded by two membranes

enclosing a fluid-filled stroma that contains enzymes.

Membranes inside the stroma are organized intothylakoids that house chlorophyll.

C hloro phyll absorbs solar energy and carbohydratesare made in the stroma.



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Plant cell anatomy

lesson 1 - plant cell

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