unit 3 lesson 1 what is the water cycle? copyright © houghton mifflin harcourt publishing company
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Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
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Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Florida Benchmarks
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• SC.5.E.7.1 Create a model to explain the parts of the water cycle. Water can be a gas, a liquid, or a solid and can go back and forth from one state to another.
• SC.5.E.7.2 Recognize that the ocean is an integral part of the water cycle and is connected to all of Earth’s water reservoirs via evaporation and precipitation processes.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Water on the Move
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• About 75 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water.
• Water moves between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere in a process called the water cycle.
• The sun provides the energy needed for water to move in the water cycle.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Water on the Move
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• Evaporation is the change from a liquid to a gas.
• The sun causes water to evaporate.
• When water evaporates, it forms an invisible gas called water vapor.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Water on the Move
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• The atmosphere is the mixture of gases that surrounds Earth.
• Water vapor from evaporation rises into the atmosphere.
• Water vapor cools in the atmosphere to form clouds.
What Goes Up Comes Down
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Condensation
• As water vapor cools, it loses heat energy to condense into liquid water.
• Condensation is the change of a liquid into a gas.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Condensation
• When water vapor condenses around tiny particles of salt and dust in the atmosphere, clouds can form.
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Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Precipitation
• Clouds can contain liquid water or ice.
• Precipitation is water that falls from clouds to Earth’s surface.
• Forms of precipitation include rain, snow, and hail.
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Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Precipitation
• Precipitation that falls into the ocean can be evaporated again quickly.
• Precipitation that falls on land may be temporarily stored.
• Depending on where it falls, water from precipitation may move quickly or slowly through the water cycle.
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Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Where Does Water Go?
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• When precipitation occurs, some water can re-enter the atmosphere right away.
• Some water may be stored underground.
• Water that is stored underground is called groundwater.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Where Does Water Go?
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• How does precipitation get into the ground to become groundwater?
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Where Does Water Go?
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• Runoff is water that cannot soak into the ground and instead flows across Earth’s surface.
• Water flows downhill into low-lying areas, rivers, and streams.
• Once runoff enters a river, it flows toward an ocean or lake.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Where Does Water Go?
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• Precipitation that falls in cold places may become part of a glacier.
• A glacier is a large, slow-moving mass of ice.
• Melting snow and ice can cause an increase in the amount of runoff in an area.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
Where Does Water Go?
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• Describe what is happening in the diagram.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
A Precious Resource
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• Fresh water can come from rivers, lakes, and aquifers.
• An aquifer is a body of rock that stores groundwater.
• The water in an aquifer can run low or be polluted by human activities.
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
A Precious Resource
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• Which other states use the Floridan aquifer system?
Unit 3 Lesson 1 What Is the Water Cycle?
A Precious Resource
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• People cannot live without water.
• Precipitation adds water to aquifers in places called recharge zones.
• It may take groundwater in an aquifer up to a year to travel only 25 cm.